Index

Symbols

+ (addition) block, 66

# (hashtag), 34

< (is less than) block, 56

+ (zoom in) block, 8

– (zoom out) block, 8

A

acceleration, 89

Add Comment button, 32

addition (+) block, 66

Animals categories, 28, 67–68

animation

coding, 54–57, 122–123

drawing, 116–121

arrow keys, motions with, 14–16

Attack Time slider (sfxr), 141

attribution, 137

Audacity

editing sounds, 130–134

exporting sounds, 134–135, 151–152

getting started, 127

recording sounds, 128–130

B

backdrops, 8–10

Backdrops tab, 9

Backgrounds. See also backdrops

deleting, 43

drawing objects in, 109–110

resetting, 25

bfxr, 143

binary movements, 89

Boolean variables, 84

Bosca Ceoil, 152–153

branching, 12

broadcast () block, 50

broadcasting messages, 49–51

Brush tool, 104

buffer zones, 47

C

cat icon, 6

change () by block, 66

change color effect block, 70

change pen color by () block, 42

change pen size by block, 18

Change slider (sfxr), 141

Choose a Costume button, 67–68

Clean up Blocks button, 32

climbing slopes and steps, 85–86, 107

clones

as collectible objects, 97–99

made by other clones, 59–62

self-cloning, 45–46, 47

Code area, organizing, 30–32

code blocks, 2

in game setup, 17, 22–25

glowing, 14

organizing, 30–32, 40–41

Code tab, 10

collaborating, 160

collecting objects, 44, 97–99

collisions, 80

comments, 32

conditional blocks, 73

Control blocks, 12, 29, 46

controllers, 161–162

copying projects, 39–40

costumes

as animation, 118–121

for sprites, 4, 53–54

for Stage, 8

switching, 110

Costumes tab, 4, 7, 68

Create button, 3

create clone of () block, 60

Creative Commons license, 136–137

D

deadly plummet sound

editing, 130–134

recording, 128–130

upload to game, 134–136

debugging techniques, 14

Decay Time slider (sfxr), 141

deceleration, 90

degrees, 25

delete this clone block, 48

deleting sprites, 6

designing games

by collaborating, 160

decomposition of tasks, 79

experiences in, xvii–xx, 157–158

direction

degrees, 24–25

sprite facing, 8

displaying variables, 65

drawing

for animation, 53–54, 118–121

backdrops, 8–10

freehand, 104

sprites, 7–8

techniques, 104–109, 121

Drumcircle

adding instruments, 148–150

adding melodies, 150–151

getting started, 144–145

making drum loops, 146–148

saving and exporting loops, 151–152

duplicate block option, 15

E

Effects menu (Audacity), 132

Ellipse tool, 96

envelopes of sound, 141

erase all block, 25

Eraser tool, 106–108

Events blocks

chaining, 82–83

using, 10–11

exporting sounds, 134–135, 142, 151–152

Extensions library, 17

F

fade out sound, 133–134

falling movement

code, 87

costume, 120

feedback, 159

flags. See when green flag clicked block

flashlight script, 95–97

flickscreen movements, 92

For all sprites variable option, 70

For this sprite only variable option, 64

forever block, 12

freehand drawing, 104

Freesound website, 136, 156

G

game window, 3

games. See also video games

brief history, xviii–xix

nature of, xvi–xvii

ghost effect, 70, 97, 123

go backward () layer block, 97, 110

go to () layer, 69

go to x: y: block, 23–24

grids

in platform game design, 91–92

screen, 23–24

H

hashtag (#), 34

Hatlight game, 77–78

battery sprite, 98–99

challenges, 124

Explorer sprite, 117–120

Flashlight sprite, 96–97

Hitbox sprite, 80–81, 82–83, 116, 122–123

music, 155

player movements, 84–90

Scenery sprite, 109–110

sound ideas for, 127

teaching to play, 111–116

variables, 83–84

Walls sprite, 81–82, 91–93, 103–109

hide block, 46

hitbox sprites, 80–81

hub areas, 116

I

ideas for games, xxi, 158

if () then block, 14–15

if / else block, 56–57

if key () pressed? then block, 15, 16

if on edge, bounce block, 12–13

if touching color ()? then block, 26

instructions to players, 34

itch.io website, 159

J

jumping movement

code, 88

costume, 119

K

keyboard controls, 161–162

L

landmark designs, 114–116

layers blocks, 69, 97, 110

Leaf Me Alone (While I Eat This Leaf) game, 5–6

adding sounds, 27–29

challenges, 32–33

checking contact, 25–26

chewing holes in leaf, 17–22

drawing backdrop, 8–10

drawing bug sprite, 7–8

moving bug sprite, 11–14

starting game, 22–25

steering bug sprite, 14–16

left arrow option, 15

less than (<) block, 56

levels

concepts, 101–102

for learning game, 111–114

storytelling with, 124

lightness and darkness, 95, 104, 111

Line tool, 104

Looks blocks, 11

loops

in code, 11–12

music, 68, 144, 153–155

M

Make a Variable button, 63

Makey Makey, 162

mathematical operations, 20–21

messages

broadcasting and receiving, 49–50

and chaining events, 82–83

to players, 73–74

microphones, 127

Motion blocks, 11

move () steps block, 12–13

movements. See also animation

creating natural, 88–90

Event blocks for, 11–14

in platform games, 84–88

random, 46–47

setting speed, 40

multiple player games, 160–161

music. See also Bosca Ceoil; Drumcircle

creating mood with, 126

game ideas with, 155–156

loops, 68, 144, 153–155

Mutate button (sfxr), 138

My Stuff page, 34–35

N

naming and renaming

backdrops, 10

sprites, 8

negative numbers, 46–47, 85

New message option, 50

Notes and Credits, 34, 137

O

objects

collecting, 44, 97–99

as obstacles, 52, 58–62, 81

showing unreachable, 113–114

solidness of, 107–109

OBS (Open Broadcaster Software) Studio, 158

obstacles, 52, 58–62, 81

Operators blocks, 20–21

P

Paintbrush tool, 7

Pen blocks

adding from Extensions, 17

randomizing pen size, 19–22

setting pen color and size, 18

pen colors

rainbow effect, 41–42

setting, 18

pen down block, 18

pen up block, 18

percussion, 149

pick random () to () block, 21

pitch (sound), 132

platform design, 79, 103–105

platform games, 77

Play button, 4

play sound () until done block, 27, 153–154

players

challenging, 51–52, 59, 63

games for multiple, 160–161

learning to play, 111–116

rewarding, 67

writing instructions for, 34

position, of sprites, 23–24, 82

progressions (musical), 150

projects

copying, 39–40

My Stuff page, 34–35

sharing, 33–34

PuzzleScript, xxii

R

rainbow trail effect, 41–42

random changes

flickering light effect, 97

movements, 46–47

pen size, 20–21

Surprise button, 6, 27

receiving messages, 49–51

Record button, 27

Recording. See also Audacity; bfxr; Drumcircle; sfxr

sounds, 27, 57, 127

video games, 158

Rectangle tool, 80, 104

Redo button, 8

refreshing games, 22–25

Remix button (Audacity), 39

repeat () block, 55

rewarding players, 67

Rewind button, 134

right arrow option, 16

S

say () for () seconds block, 74

Scratch

getting started with, 2–4

overview, xviii, xxi–xxii, 1–2

Scratch editor, 3

Scratchy sprite, 4

screens

creating buffer zones, 47

grid, 23–24

landmarks in, 114–116

for learning game, 111–114

switching, 91–95

scripts, 4

organizing, 26, 30–32, 40–41

setup area, 17, 22–25

See inside button, 31

See Project Page button, 33

Select tool, 93, 105

Sensing blocks, 15

sequencers, 146

set pen color to () block, 18

set pen saturation to () block, 42

set pen size to () block, 18

set size to () block, 51

setup code area, 17

sfxr, 137–138

exporting sounds, 142

sliders, 140–141

waveforms, 138–140

Share button, 34

sharing games, 33–34, 158–159

show block, 48

Slide sound effect slider (sfxr), 141

Sound blocks, 11, 27

sound effects. See also Audacity; bfxr; sfxr

ideas for, 127, 155–156

as information, 126

waveforms, 130–131, 138–140

sounds. See also music; sound effects

design tools, 126

importing to Scratch, 135–136

internet sources, 136–137

recording in Scratch, 27, 57

Scratch Sound Library, 27–28, 68

for sprites, 4, 27–29, 69

sprites, 3–4

adding, 6

changing size, 51, 57

checking contact, 25–26

cloning, 45–46, 47

drawing, 7–8, 44

invisible, 123

moving, 11–16

naming, 8

sounds with, 27–29, 69

position and direction, 24–25, 82

stacks

layout, 2, 11

organizing, 26, 30–32, 40–41

running, 14

Stage, 6, 9

backdrops, 8–10

edges, 12–13

grid, 23–24

standing still costume, 118

start sound block, 69

starting direction, 24–25

starting messages, 73–74

Surprise button, 6, 27

Sustain Time slider (sfxr), 141

switch costume block, 71

T

teleporting sprites, 45–46

tempo, 132–133

timing

for animation, 54–55

to create pressure, 51–52

playing sound, 29

touching

edge of Stage, 12–13

sprites, 48–49, 56

touching ()? block, 48

touching color ()? block, 26

true and false variables, 84

turning blocks, 15–16

Twine, xxii

U

Undo button, 8

universal variables, 72

unsharing games, 34

Upload buttons, 6, 27, 136

V

value block, 64–65

variables

Boolean, 84

creating, 63–65

universal, 72

Variables blocks, 63

Vibrato slider (sfxr), 141

video games

brief history, xviii–xix

ideas for, xx–xxi, 158

recording, 158–159

sharing, 33–34, 159

tools for making, xviii

video recording, 158–159

W

wait () seconds block, 29

walking costume, 118–119

WAV files, 135, 142, 151–152

waveforms, 130–131, 138–140

Weird Bug Chowdown game, 37–38

adding starting message, 73–74

adding time pressure, 51–58

broadcasting messages, 49–51

changing speed, 63–67

ending game, 67–73

leaving rainbow trail, 41–43

making bug food, 44–49

making poop obstacles, 58–62

optional changes, 74–75

when green flag clicked block, 11, 26, 47

when I receive block, 49–50

when I start as a clone block, 48

word bubbles, 73–74

X

x- and y-coordinates, 23–24, 46–47

Z

zooming in and out, 8, 9