13.9. SUMMARY

Organizations often need to be changed. One needs to understand problems associated with organizational change and the action steps that might help overcome these problems. Some individual changes can be accomplished through training, whereas others require extensive one-on-one clinical work. Some group change can be accomplished by team building techniques; other techniques for organizational change involve survey feedback and grid organizational development. These aspects of individual and organizational change are discussed in this chapter. Evaluation of the change is necessary to ascertain that desired objectives are reached. Different procedures for evaluating change are outlined in the chapter. A combination of these approaches needs to be used to cover many perspectives and to reduce bias.