Table of Contents

Cover image

Title page

Copyright

List of Contributors

Preface

Acknowledgments

Part I: Overview Health and Aging

Chapter 1. Impact of Nutrition on Healthy Aging

Abstract

Introduction

Dietary Fiber

GI and Gut Microbiota

The Role of SCFAs in Health and Disease

Ongoing and Future Directions

References

Chapter 2. Aging and the Recovery of Skin Function and Appearance

Abstract

Introduction

Skin Aging

Diet and Skin Aging

The Mediterranean Diet

References

Chapter 3. Changes in Nutritional Needs With Aging

Abstract

Introduction

Age-Related Changes Affect Nutrition

Changes in Nutritional Needs

Using Supplements

Assessing Nutritional Status

Conclusion

References

Chapter 4. Sugars, Glucocorticoids, and the Hypothalamic Controls of Appetite

Abstract

Overview

The Lipogenesis Hypothesis

Sugar Solutions and the Hypothalamus

Sugars and the Hypothalamus: Evidence from Humans

Conclusions and Summary

References

Chapter 5. Appetite Regulation in Healthy Aging

Abstract

Introduction

Reduced Appetite and Energy Intake During Aging

Less Suppression of Appetite and Energy Intake in Older People

Gastrointestinal Regulation of Appetite and Energy Intake

Appetite Regulation in Healthy Older Subjects

Appetite Regulation in Malnourished Older Subjects

Loss of Body Weight During Aging

Loss of Muscle Mass During Aging

Conclusion

References

Chapter 6. Human Microbiome and Aging

Abstract

Introduction

Human Microbiome

Microbiome Through the Human Life Cycle

Microbiome and the Immune Response

Impact of Diet on Microbiota

Therapeutic Interventions for Microbial Manipulation

Implications for Health and Disease

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Anxiety and Depression

Conclusion

Acknowledgment

References

Chapter 7. Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Role of Obesity and Nutrients

Abstract

Introduction

Pathophysiology of Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia and Obesity

Symptoms of FMS and Obesity

Role of Diet and Micronutrients in Fibromyalgia

Summary

References

Chapter 8. Aging and Gait

Abstract

Introduction

Mechanics of Changes in Gait

Changes in Body Structure and Physiological Functions

Conclusion

References

Chapter 9. Assessment of Nutritional Status in the Elderly

Abstract

Introduction

Medical History With a Particular Emphasis on the Nutritional History and Physical Examination

Anthropometric Tests

Biochemical Tests

Survey Methods

Conclusion

References

Chapter 10. Eating Capability Assessments in Elderly Populations

Abstract

Introduction

Eating Capability: Definition and Constituents

Hand Force Assessments

Actions in the Oral Cavity: Mastication and Swallowing

Tongue Capability Assessment

Swallowing Capability Assessment

Assessing Sensing Capability

The Eating Capability Concept in Use

Conclusions

References

Part II: Nutrients (Vitamins and Minerals) in Health in Aging Adults

Chapter 11. Healthy Food Choice and Dietary Behavior in the Elderly

Abstract

Why Do We Eat What We Eat?

Determinants of Dietary Behavior

Design and Methods

Discussion and Applications

References

Chapter 12. Vitamin D and Diabetes in Elderly People

Abstract

Introduction

Potential Mechanisms and Pathways for an Effect of Vitamin D in Diabetes

Epidemiological Evidence of Hypovitaminosis D as a Risk Factor for Diabetes

Vitamin D and Diabetes in the Elderly

Conclusions

References

Chapter 13. Vitamin D and the Elderly Orthopedic Patient

Abstract

Introduction

Vitamin D

References

Chapter 14. Vitamins and Minerals in Older Adults: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Deficiency

Abstract

Introduction

Needs

Causes of Deficiency

Diagnosis of Deficiency

Treatment

Conclusion

References

Chapter 15. The Role of B Group Vitamins and Choline in Cognition and Brain Aging

Abstract

Introduction

Role of B Group Vitamins and Choline in Normal Brain Functioning and Neuroprotection

The Homocysteine Cycle: Biochemistry and Clinical Implications

Conclusions

References

Chapter 16. Vitamin B12 Deficiency in the Elderly

Abstract

Introduction

Vitamin B12 Absorption

Vitamin B12 Metabolism and Function

Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in the Elderly

Clinical Manifestations of Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Diagnosis of Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Vitamin B12 Deficiencies in the Institutionalized Elderly

Therapeutic Management

Screening for Vitamin B12 Deficiency in the Elderly

References

Chapter 17. Vitamin E Isoform-Specific Functions in Allergic Inflammation and Asthma

Abstract

Introduction

Vitamin E Isoforms, Sources, and Functions

Asthma and Allergic Lung Inflammation

Clinical Studies of Asthma and Tocopherol Isoforms

Comparing Tocopherol Doses in Humans and Preclinical Mouse Studies

Alpha-Tocopherol and Gamma-Tocopherol Regulate Allergic Inflammation and Airway Hyper-Responsiveness in Preclinical Adult Animal Studies

Tocopherol Regulation of Leukocyte Recruitment

Maternal Tocopherols and Offspring Development of Allergy

Alpha-Tocopherol and Gamma-Tocopherol: Opposing Functions in Other Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Conclusions

References

Part III: Dietary Supplements and Herbs, Functional Foods, in Health in Aging Adults

Chapter 18. Polyphenols and Intestinal Health

Abstract

Introduction

Role of Gut Microbiota in Intestinal and Systemic Health

Classes, Subclasses, Examples, and Sources of Dietary Polyphenols

Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Properties of Polyphenols

Influence of Polyphenols on Macro- and Micronutrient Bioavailability

Polyphenol Digestion, Absorption, and Utilization

Polyphenol–Microbe Interactions

Intestinal Health Benefits of Polyphenols

Conclusions and Implications

References

Chapter 19. Nootropics, Functional Foods, and Dietary Patterns for Prevention of Cognitive Decline

Abstract

Introduction

Dietary Patterns and Complete Nutritional Plans With Cognitive Implications

Micronutrients With Possible Effects on Cognition

Foods, Herbs, Spices, and Dietary Complements With Functional Properties in Terms of Neuroprotection and Possible Cognitive Enhancement

Medical Foods

Conclusions

References

Chapter 20. Chalcones Target the Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) Signaling Pathway for Cancer Chemoprevention

Abstract

Introduction

Characteristics of TRAIL and Apoptosis Induced by TRAIL

Characteristics of Chalcones

Chalcone Potential for Enhancing TRAIL-Mediated Apoptosis in Cancer Cells

References

Chapter 21. Anti-inflammatory Dietary Ingredients, Medicinal Plants, and Herbs Exert Beneficial Health Effects in Aging

Abstract

Introduction

Renal Function

Cognitive Function

Conclusion

Conflict of Interest

References

Chapter 22. Calorie Restriction Mimetics From Functional Foods: Impact on Promoting a Healthy Life Span

Abstract

Introduction: Calorie Restriction

CRMS in Mediating Metabolic Pathways of Calorie Restriction

Targeting SIRT-1 for CRM Discovery and Development

Concluding Remarks and Perspectives

References

Chapter 23. Nutraceuticals for Healthy Skin Aging

Abstract

Introduction

Oxidative Stress

Beta-Carotene

Biotin

Coenzyme Q10 or Ubiquinone

Citrulline–Arginine

Isoflavone Soy Beans

L-carnosine

Lycopene

Lutein

Melatonin

Omega-3

Polyphenols

Prebiotics

Probiotics

Selenium

Silicon

Vitamin C

Vitamin E

Zinc

Conclusions

References

Further Reading

Chapter 24. Effects of Resveratrol on Cognitive Functions

Abstract

Introduction

Background: Sources and Pharmacokinetics of Resveratrol

Animal Studies

Human Studies

Mechanisms

Limitations and Challenges for Future Studies

Conclusion

References

Chapter 25. North American Natural Health Products and Sexual Function in Aging Adults

Abstract

Introduction

Kingdom Animalia

Kingdom Plantae

Kingdom Bacteria

Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Protista

Discussion

Acknowledgments

References

Part IV: Protein and Energy in Health and Growth of Elderly

Chapter 26. Physiological Aspects of Coenzyme Q10 in Plasma in Relationship with Exercise and Aging

Abstract

Overview

Do Levels of CoQ Decrease During Aging?

Importance of CoQ in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

CoQ10 Levels Can Be Modified by Physical Activity and Lifestyle

Plasma CoQ10 and Obesity

Regulation of CoQ10 Levels in Plasma

Effect of Statins on CoQ10 Levels

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 27. Cellular and Physiological Effects of Arginine in Seniors

Abstract

Introduction

Sources of Arginine

Biochemistry of Arginine

Arginine Physiology and Biological Importance

Arginine Dosing and Supplementation

References

Chapter 28. Late-Onset Caloric Restriction Alters Skeletal Muscle Metabolism: Mechanisms from Animal and Human Studies

Abstract

Skeletal Muscle Metabolism

Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Changes with Aging

Impacts of the Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Metabolism

Mechanisms of Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Metabolism

Caloric Restriction Alters Skeletal Muscle Metabolism

Mechanisms of the CR-Induced Alteration in Skeletal Muscle Metabolism

Conclusion

References

Chapter 29. Healthy Foods for Healthy Aging: The Case for Protein

Abstract

Recommendations: An Instruction Manual for Eating to Achieve Healthy Aging

Dietary Protein: The Foundation of a Healthy Body and Healthy Aging

Milk: A Natural Functional Food for a Strong and Healthy Body

Eggs: A Nutritious Food with Big Health Benefits

Seafood: Powerful Help for Healthy Aging

Meat and Poultry: A Juicy Issue

Food Choices for the Elderly: Are These Good for Healthy Aging?

Social Influences, Values, Attitudes, and Meat: Behind the Scenes of Food Choices

Culture, Perceptions of Food Choices, and Eating Habits: Perception Is Reality

The Mediterranean Diet: Fast-Food Advice

Conclusions

References

Index

..................Content has been hidden....................

You can't read the all page of ebook, please click here login for view all page.
Reset
3.144.35.148