Index
Please note that index links point to page beginnings from the print edition. Locations are approximate in e-readers, and you may need to page down one or more times after clicking a link to get to the indexed material.
10GbE networks, 162
32-bit host, 16
32-bit VM templates, 31
64-bit host, 16
64-bit VM templates, 31–32
A
access.log, 470
adapters, network, 169
administrator roles, 39, 356, 410–411
administrators
considerations, 99
described, 354
Enterprise Manager, 354–359, 384
network, 331
programming languages, 99
self-service, 411
templates and, 47
AdminServer-diagnostic.log, 470
AdminServer.log, 470
AdminServer.out, 470
Amazon AWS (Amazon WorkSpaces), 20–21
AMD-V extensions, 47
AMD-V technology, 12–13
anti-affinity groups, 211–212
appliances
exporting VMs to, 277
Private Cloud Appliance, 79, 97, 244, 258
templates vs. appliances as source, 270
virtual. See virtual appliances
ZFS Storage Appliances, 183, 197, 434
application upgrades, 316
application-level recovery, 87–88
ASM (Automatic Storage Management) disks, 14
assemblies, 282–283
Automatic Storage Management (ASM) disks, 14
availability, 26
B
backend drivers, 41
backup and recovery/disaster recovery (BR/DR), 214, 428, 429, 433–434
backup virtualization, 14
backup/restore feature, 8
backups
BR/DR plan, 214, 428, 429, 433–434
cloud, 14
concepts/components, 429–434
establishing processes for, 434–435
vs. failovers, 429–430
operating system, 8
OVMM database, 132–134
site preparation, 433–434
site-specific local data, 432–433
virtual machines, 8
bits, 251
bond ports, 105–106, 163, 165, 166
boot device, 291, 295, 296, 298
boot loaders, 112
BR/DR (backup and recovery/disaster recovery), 214, 428, 429, 433–434
BR/DR data, 433
bridge devices, 466–467
bridged networking, 161
bytes, 251
C
CA keystore file, 346
cables, 463
capacity planning, 63, 64, 69–73
CD-ROM devices, 298–299
CD-ROM disks/images, 106, 126, 291, 299, 316
Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP), 186
channel subscription, 445–448
channels, 445
CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol), 186
charge plans, 361–368
chargeback/showback feature, 96, 97, 359–375
chgnetid tool, 433
CIDR (classless inter-domain routing) addressing, 331
Cinder (block storage), 98, 99
classless inter-domain routing (CIDR) addressing, 331
CLI (command-line interface), 100, 120, 271. See also OVM CLI
CLI utilities, 100
clone command, 53
clone customizer, 279–282
Clone option, 54
Clone to a template option, 54, 265–267
clone vm command, 153, 265–267
cloning
vs. creating, 308
to templates, 54, 265–267, 275
virtual machines, 53, 157, 275, 308, 312–314
cloud backups, 14
cloud computing. See also Cloud Control
architecture, 92–93
configuring cloud for IaaS, 394–419
defined, 92
private cloud, 78, 79, 92, 93, 98–99
Private Cloud Appliance, 79, 97, 244, 258
public/private, 9
zones, 391–394
Cloud Control, 91–100. See also cloud computing
basic installation, 341–352
charge plans, 361–368
common tasks, 375–387
configuring cloud for IaaS, 394–419
cost centers, 368–374
deploying templates, 384–387
IaaS. See IaaS entries
incidents/problems, 375
monitoring resources, 359–374
monitoring VM Server, 381–382
OpenStack, 98–99
policy status, 375
Private Cloud Appliance, 79, 97, 244, 258
Puppet tool, 99–100
relationships, 379–380
resynchronizing Enterprise Manager to OVMM, 382–383
security, 358
Self Service feature. See IaaS entries
showback/chargeback feature, 97, 359–375
topology maps, 376–380
user access control, 354–359
user creation, 354–358
uses for, 93–97
using, 353–387
cluster heartbeat network, 271, 272, 330, 333
Cluster Heartbeat network channel, 330
Cluster Heartbeat network role, 170
clustered file system, 35
clustered server pools, 58, 179, 204, 206, 335, 336
cold sites, 84
command-line interface (CLI), 100, 120, 271. See also OVM CLI
command-line tools, 459–467
command-line utilities, 30
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE), 445
component virtualization, 13–14
computer system capacity, 72
continuity of operation plan (COOP), 84
COOP (continuity of operation plan), 84
cores, CPU, 72, 221, 243, 322, 323
cost centers, 368–374
CPU chip, 243
CPU cores, 72, 221, 243, 322, 323
CPU metrics collection, 66
CPU requirements, 66–68
CPU socket, 243
CPU thread, 243
cpu variable, 248
CPUs
adding to VM server farms, 72
allocation/affinity, 240–241, 244, 247
considerations, 333
details about, 238
hyperthreaded, 72
key concepts, 331–332
multiple, 243
multiple-core, 72
NUMA systems and, 64
Oracle VM Server, 29
sizing, 68
tuning, 243–249
create command, 150–151
CSI administration, 445
CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures), 445
D
data
BR/DR, 433
local, 432–433
replicated, 435
site-specific, 432–433
Data Guard, 87–89
Database as a Service (DBaaS), 342
DBaaS (Database as a Service), 342
delete command, 151
Delete option, 54
DHCP, 169
Direct NFS (dNFS), 186
directories
troubleshooting, 459, 460, 470–471
disaster recovery (DR), 427–438. See also recovery
application-level, 87–88
BR/DR plan, 214, 428, 429, 433–434
challenges, 428–429
cloud and, 87
GoldenGate product, 88
vs. High Availability, 84
overview, 84–85
OVMM, 85–87
planning for, 83–90
Site Guard, 79, 88, 89–90, 436, 438
tools/utilities for, 430
VMs, 87–88
discovery, 207
disk devices, 286–287
disk space requirements, 66
disk support, 29
disks
physical, 272, 274, 287–289, 291, 293
sizing, 68–69
virtual, 14, 220, 232–233, 272
distributed lock manager (DLM), 36
Distributed Power Management (DPM), 26, 79
Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS), 26, 79
DLM (distributed lock manager), 36
dm-nfs service, 36
dNFS (Direct NFS), 186
DNS (domain name service), 434
DNS domains, 115
dom0 (domain 0), 37, 40–41, 77
dom0 guest, 26
domain 0 (dom0), 37, 40–41, 77
domain name services. See DNS
domains, 37, 40, 238, 239, 244–246
domU HVM guests, 41
domU PV guests, 41
domU read operation, 41–42
domU write operation, 42–43
domU-to-dom0 interaction, 44
DPM (Distributed Power Management), 26, 79
DR. See disaster recovery
DRS (Distributed Resource Scheduling), 26, 79
dynamic link aggregation, 464
E
edit command, 151–152
edit state, 55
encryption, 26
Enterprise Manager
best practices, 343–352
considerations, 96–97
features, 95–97
monitoring, 96
network types, 401–404
OMS heap size, 343
OVMM discovery in, 348–352
resynchronizing to OVMM, 382–383
security, 358
target counts, 343
Enterprise Manager Agent, 344–347
Enterprise Manager Cloud Control. See Cloud Control
Enterprise Manager IaaS. See IaaS
Enterprise Manager MAA, 89
Enterprise VM server farm. See VM server farm
entities, troubleshooting, 471–473
EPT (Extended Page Tables), 47
errata, 445
errors, 471–474
Ethernet cards, 44
event logging, 78
Export OVF Template, 320–321
Extended Page Tables (EPT), 47
F
failovers, 429–430
automating, 437–438
described, 432
vs. switchovers, 432
fault tolerance, 27
Fibre Channel storage, 185–191
file systems, 35
files
log. See log files
RPM package, 440
filesystems, 112
firewalls, 123–125
full software virtualization, 11–12
functional commands, 149–150
functional separation, 7–8
G
GNU Privacy Guard (GPG), 454
GoldenGate product, 88
GPG (GNU Privacy Guard), 454
guest operating systems, 27–29, 40
guest resources, 217–234
configuring, 220–233
described, 218
Oracle VM Utilities, 218, 227–232
shared physical devices, 233
shared virtual disks, 14, 220, 232–233
templates. See templates
virtual appliances, 219
guest VM networks, 272, 287, 291, 292, 337
Guest VM packages, 259
guest VMs. See also VMs
adding resources to, 299
considerations, 35–36, 37, 206
creating, 308–310
creating from templates, 269–283
creating manually, 285–300
creation of, 269–283
general information, 291
memory, 275
performance, 307
physical disks, 272, 274, 287–289, 291, 293
post-creation tasks, 298–300
processors, 274
starting, 295–298
storage and. See storage
support, 27–29
templates vs. appliances as source, 270
H
HA. See High Availability
hard partitioning, 78, 227, 241, 243, 244, 249. See also CPU pinning
hardware acceleration, 43
hardware tuning, 249
hardware virtual machines. See HVM entries
hardware virtualization, 27, 47
hardware-assisted software, 16
hardware-assisted software virtualization, 11, 12–13, 16, 22–23
HBAs (Host Bus Adapters), 180
HCC (Hybrid Columnar Compression), 186
heartbeat network, 271, 272, 330, 333
help commands, 146–148
High Availability (HA)
considerations, 36
vs. disaster recovery, 84
OVS agent, 214
server pools and, 214–215
virtual machines, 214–215
VM server farms and, 58, 59, 72
Host Bus Adapters (HBAs), 180
host hardware requirements, 29
host platforms, 29
host systems, 122
hosting environments, 9
“hot standby,” 8
HTTP server, 440
Huge Pages feature, 78
HVM networks, 43
HVM software, 16
HVMs (hardware virtual machines), 13, 22–23, 44–45
Hybrid Columnar Compression (HCC), 186
hypervisors. See also VMM
described, 37
Microsoft Hyper-V, 5, 20, 21, 24, 46
overview, 15–16
performance, 46
Xen. See Xen Hypervisor
I
IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service), 339–424. See also Cloud Control; cloud entries
best practices, 343–352
configuring cloud for, 394–419
configuring roles, 410–413
creating zones, 391–394
network types, 401–404
overview, 342
request settings, 406–410
software components, 413–419
using, 419–423
workflow, 342
IaaS Self Service, 390–419
informational commands, 148–149
Infrastructure as a Service. See IaaS
initiators, 185, 186, 189, 190
input/output memory management unit (IOMMU), 47
instances, servers, 6–7
Intel VT-x technology, 12
Internet routable networks, 401
Internet Small Computer System Interface. See iSCSI
I/O operations, 41–43
I/O performance, 252
I/O resources, 14
IODrive, 252
IOMMU (input/output memory management unit), 47
iperf utility, 251
iSCSI (Internet Small Computer System Interface), 178, 179, 185–191
iSCSI storage, 178, 179, 185–191, 307
ISOs folder, 192
J
JeOS (Just enough OS), 243
job management framework, 78
JSON library, 259
Just enough OS (JeOS), 243
K
Kdump (kernel crash dump), 112–113
kernel crash dump (Kdump), 112–113
Kernel Virtual Machine (KVM), 20
Keystone (identity), 98
kill state, 55
Ksplice technology, 445, 448, 451, 452
KVM (Kernel Virtual Machine), 20
L
LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol), 464
libovmapi library, 259
lifecycle management, 39, 49–55
Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP), 464
Linux bridge devices, 466–467
Linux DM-X names, 468
Linux systems
data collections tools, 65
guest OS, 27–28
hardware virtualization, 27
OVMM requirements, 120, 124–126
paravirtualization, 28
Red Hat Enterprise Linux, 30
RPM package files, 440
Live Migrate network channel, 331
Live Migrate network role, 170
Live Migrate service, 272
load balancing, 27
locally attached storage, 326–327, 328, 329
log analytics, 470–471
log files
access.log, 470
AdminServer-diagnostic.log, 470
AdminServer.log, 470
OVS console log, 241
troubleshooting, 459, 460, 470–471
logging events, 78
logical unit numbers. See LUNs
LUNs (logical unit numbers), 189–191
considerations, 178
multipathing and, 468
physical disks and, 272
M
maintenance, 439–456
maintenance mode, 455–456
manager role, 39
Media Access Control (MAC) address, 174–175
memory
guest VMs, 275
key concepts, 331–332
limitations, 69
Oracle VM Server, 29
requirements, 106
sizing, 68
memory over-commit, 65
Microsoft Hyper-V, 5, 20, 21, 24, 46
Middleware as a Service (MWaaS), 342
migrate command, 153
migrate state, 55
migration
described, 316
Live Migrate network channel, 331
physical-to-virtual, 315–323
security, 205
storage and, 327
virtual machines, 53, 305–306, 455–456
virtual-to-virtual, 315–323
from VMware, 320–323
migration, live, 26
Moore’s Law, 72
multipathd daemon, 467–468
multipathing, 467–468
MWaaS (Middleware as a Service), 342
MySQL Enterprise, 77
N
NAS (Network Attached Storage), 35, 178, 179, 180–185
NAT (Network Address Translation), 162, 434
NAT networking, 162
netmask, 114
netstat command, 460, 463, 464
network adapters, 169
Network Address Translation. See NAT
network administrators, 331
Network Attached Storage. See NAS
network bonding, 162
network channels, 328, 330–331, 333
Network File System. See NFS
network interface cards. See NICs
network maximums, 81
network teaming, 162
Network Time Protocol (NTP), 105
network types, 391
network-based storage, 326, 327
networks. See also VM networks
10GbE, 162
bridged, 161
cluster heartbeat network, 271, 272, 330, 333
configuration, 169, 170–174, 390
considerations, 333
guest VM, 272, 287, 291, 292, 337
HVM, 43
IaaS, 401–404
Internet routable, 401
key concepts, 328–331
managing, 271–272
monitoring with sar, 250–251
NAT, 162
non Internet routable, 401
ports, 105–106
PV, 41–43
requirements, 105–106, 160, 287
RFC1918, 401
routed, 162
security, 106
sizing, 68
switched, 161
testing with iperf, 251
time function, 105
troubleshooting, 459–467
tuning, 249–252
undefined, 270
VLANs. See VLANs
Neutron (network), 98
NFS (Network File System), 35–36, 179, 181–185, 469
nfsstat command, 469
NIC ports, 390
NICs (network interface cards), 162, 174–175, 328
non Internet routable networks, 401
nonclustered server pools, 58, 179, 204, 335
nonexistent state, 50
Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA), 64, 73
NTP (Network Time Protocol), 105
NUMA (Non-Uniform Memory Access) systems, 64, 73
NVM Express (NVMe) devices, 80
NVMe (NVM Express) devices, 80
NVS shares, 469
O
OCFS2 (Oracle Cluster File System), 35, 79, 179, 204, 335
OEL (Oracle Enterprise Linux), 30
OEM (Oracle Enterprise Manager)
data analysis, 70
data collection, 69–70
preparing OEM environment, 436–437
OEM Cloud Control. See Cloud Control
OEM Grid Control, 29
OFM pools, 391
OMS (Oracle Management Server), 343
OMS heap size, 343
Open Virtualization Format (OVF), 79
OpenStack, 98–99
operating system (OS) tuning, 243–249
Oracle Cloud services, 21
Oracle Cluster File System (OCFS2), 35, 79, 179, 204, 335
Oracle Enterprise Linux (OEL), 30
Oracle Enterprise Manager. See OEM
Oracle Fusion, 335
Oracle Management Server (OMS), 343
Oracle MySQL, 120
Oracle Site Guard, 79, 88, 89–90, 436, 438
Oracle Technology Network (OTN), 430, 433
Oracle Virtual Machine. See Oracle VM
Oracle Virtual Server (OVS) agent, 26
Oracle VM, 19–32. See also virtualization; VMs
architecture, 34–40
best practices, 325–337
command-line utilities, 30
concepts, 119–140
configuration details, 381–382
creating, 50–52
deployment example, 333–337
editing, 54
hardware support for, 47–48
history, 20–26
introduction, 76
key concepts, 332–333
lifecycle management, 49–55
maintenance. See maintenance
management features, 77
manually building, 290–295
migrating, 53
migrating other vender’s VM to, 320–323
migrating physical server to, 316–320
monitoring, 29–30
new features, 76–80
Oracle support for, 30–31
performance, 78
single vendor route, 30
SPARC platform, 29
starting, 52
stopping, 52
suspending, 52–53
system requirements, 47–48
templates. See templates
troubleshooting. See troubleshooting
versions, 76
Oracle VM agent
described, 37
server pool masters and, 61
server pools and, 214
Oracle VM assemblies, 282–283
Oracle VM CLI. See OVM CLI
Oracle VM DR toolkit, 433
Oracle VM Guest Additions API, 258–259
Oracle VM Management Pack, 29
Oracle VM Manager. See OVMM
Oracle VM repository, 273
Oracle VM Server, 26–29. See also VM servers
console log, 241
described, 35
disk support, 29
features, 26–27
guest support, 27–28
hardware requirements, 29, 104–105
installing, 103–118
limits, 80–81
memory, 29
networks. See networks; VM networks
overview, 37
resources, 274–275
storage. See storage
troubleshooting, 459–469
tuning, 243–253
Oracle VM Server farm. See VM server farms
Oracle VM Server for SPARC, 20, 76
Oracle VM Server for x86. See Oracle VM
Oracle VM servers. See VM servers
Oracle VM technology stack, 333, 433
Oracle VM Template Library, 31–32, 53
Oracle VM templates. See templates
Oracle VM Tools, 120
Oracle VM Utilities, 218, 227–232
OS (operating system) tuning, 243–249
OSWatcher utility, 79
OTN (Oracle Technology Network), 430, 433
OVF (Open Virtualization Format), 79
OVM Agent. See Oracle VM Agent
OVM channel, 445–448
OVM CLI (Oracle VM CLI), 141–158
basic commands, 146–153
cloning VMs, 153, 157, 265–267, 312–314
configuring VM networks, 307
connecting to, 143–146
create command, 150–151
creating virtual machines with, 308–310
delete command, 151
deleting virtual machines with, 310, 311
described, 142
determining status of virtual machines, 302, 303–304
edit command, 151–152
examples, 154–157
functional commands, 149–150
help commands, 146–148
informational commands, 148–149
introduction, 142–143
managing, 142
migrating virtual machines, 153, 305–306
modifying virtual machines, 306
remove command, 152–153
scripting with, 153–154
starting/stopping, 142–143
starting/stopping virtual machines, 304
suspending/resuming virtual machines, 305
using, 143–154
OVM Manager. See OVMM
OVM Storage Connect framework, 77
ovm_admin command-line utility, 39
ovmapi kernel module, 259
ovmcore-console, 120
ovmd daemon, 259
OVMM (Oracle VM Manager)
backups, 132–134
checking status of services, 131
cloning virtual machines with, 312
command-line interface. See OVM CLI
command-line tools, 459–467
configuring OS for, 126–127
configuring server update groups, 452–454
configuring templates with, 220–226
configuring VM networks, 307
considerations, 335
creating virtual machines with, 308
deleting virtual machines with, 310–311
deploying Enterprise Manager Agent to, 344–347
determining status of virtual machines, 302
disaster recovery for, 85–87
discovery in Enterprise Manager, 348–352
firewall modification, 123–125
hardware requirements, 120–122
installing, 126–130
job errors, 473–474
managing old OVM with, 78
managing OS, 130–131
migrating virtual machines, 305–306
mixed environment and, 36
modifying virtual machines, 306
network management, 271–272
Oracle VM deployment and, 335–337
password, 126–130, 134, 136, 144
recovery with, 85–86
reinstallation, 85–86
restoring entire OVMM, 134–140
roles, 39
software requirements, 120, 123, 124
starting/stopping, 131, 132, 134–137, 140
starting/stopping virtual machines, 304
stopping services, 125, 131, 134
storage management, 272–274
suspending/resuming virtual machines, 305
troubleshooting with, 470–474
updating servers, 440
virtual vs. physical host for, 122
OVMM configuration files, 131–133
OVMM ISO image, 126
OVMM pools, 391
ovm-template-config, 259
ovm-tools file, 430
ovm_vmcontrol utility, 78, 227–228, 244, 248–249
OVS (Oracle Virtual Server)
adding to server pools, 207, 209–214
hostnames, 105
installation methods, 106–117
language selection, 109
license agreement, 110
partitioning, 112–113
passwords in, 116
storage on. See storage
updating, 440
OVS pools, 391
P
PaaS (Platform as a Service), 342
package signatures, 454
packets, bad, 461
PAE (Physical Addressing Extensions), 22
paravirtualization
Linux systems, 28
overview, 13
Unix systems, 28
Windows systems, 28
paravirtualized drivers, 27
paravirtualized hardware virtual machines (PVHVMs), 5, 13
paravirtualized virtual machines (PVMs), 16, 44–45, 69
partitioning, 112–113
passwords
OVS, 116
virtual machines, 419
PCA (Private Cloud Appliance), 79, 97, 244, 258
peak load, 66
performance
guest VMs, 307
hypervisors, 46
I/O, 252
translated, 66
virtualization and, 8
Perl language, 153
Physical Addressing Extensions (PAE), 22
physical disk-based storage, 274
physical disks, 272, 274, 287–289, 291, 293
physical host, 122
physical-to-virtual migration, 315–323
pinning CPUs, 227–232, 244–249
Platform as a Service (PaaS), 342
pluggable databases, 7
ports
networks, 105–106
physical, 466
POST (Power-On Self Test), 106–107
Power-On Self Test (POST), 106–107
practice systems, 10
Private Cloud Appliance (PCA), 79, 97, 244, 258
private clouds, 78, 79, 92, 93, 98–99
problem resolution, 316
processors, 274
Puppet tool, 99–100
PV networks, 41–43
PVHVMs (paravirtualized hardware virtual machines), 5, 13
PVMs (paravirtualized virtual machines), 16, 44–45, 69
Python scripting, 153, 155–157, 259
python-simplejson, 259
Q
QA systems, 10
QoS (Quality of Service), 60
Quality of Service (QoS), 60
R
RAC (Real Application Clusters), 36, 179
RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks), 14
Rapid Virtualization Indexing (RVI), 47
Real Application Clusters (RAC), 36, 179
recovery. See also disaster recovery
vs. backups, 429–430
concepts/components, 429–434
establishing processes for, 434–435
vs. failovers, 429–430
recovery point objective, 428–429
recovery time objective, 428, 429
with reinstallation of OVMM, 85–86
server pools, 86–87
site preparation, 433–434
site-specific local data, 432–433
testing processes for, 435–436
recovery point objective (RPO), 84–85, 428–429
recovery time objective (RTO), 84–85, 428, 429
Red Hat Enterprise Linux, 30
Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID), 14
remove command, 152–153
replication, 435
repositories. See also storage
best practices, 429
considerations, 328, 333, 334–335
contents, 433
creating, 440–452
multiple, 453
names, 453
Oracle VM repository, 273
top-level directory folders, 192
repository-based storage, 273, 326–327
Representational State Transfer (REST), 79
requirements collection, 65
resource monitoring, 359–374
resource virtualization, 13–14, 332–333
resources
adding to guest VMs, 299
adding to new virtual machine, 282
network management, 271–272
networks. See network entries
processors, 274
storage. See storage entries
storage management, 272–274
VM server, 274–275
REST (Representational State Transfer), 79
restart state, 55
RESTful Web Services, 79
restores
OVMM, 134–140
VMs, 8
resume transition, 55
RFC1918 networks, 401
roles
administrator, 39, 356, 410–411
assigning quota to, 412
in Cloud Control, 354, 356–358, 359
configuring, 410–413
creating, 412–413
described, 354
management, 212–214
manager, 39
network, 170
server pools, 212–214
user, 39
routed networking, 162
RPO (recovery point objective), 84–85, 428–429
RTO (recovery time objective), 84–85, 428, 429
RVI (Rapid Virtualization Indexing), 47
S
SAN (Storage Area Network), 35, 179, 191–192
SAN array, 186
SAN storage, 35, 179–180, 191–192, 333
sar command, 250–251
scalability, 78
scaling problems, 7
scripting
OVM CLI, 153–154
Secure Shell. See SSH
security
Cloud Control, 358
considerations, 78
Enterprise Manager, 358
during migration, 205
networks, 106
users, 354
Self Service feature. See IaaS entries
separation of duties, 358
server consolidation, 6
server farms, 35, 36–37, 58. See also VM server farms
Server Management network channel, 330
Server Management network role, 170
server management service, 272
server maximums, 80
server pool master, 35, 37–38, 39, 61–63
server pools, 203–216
adding servers to, 207, 209–214
all-in-one, 61–62
anti-affinity groups, 211–212
clustered, 58, 179, 204, 206, 335, 336
clustered vs. nonclustered, 204, 335
configuration, 36–38, 59, 61–63
considerations, 35, 58, 59, 204, 334–335
disk assignment, 210
encryption, 26
high availability and, 214–215
introduction to, 204–209
key parameters, 204–206
multiple server pools, 60
nonclustered, 58, 179, 204, 335
normalizing loads, 37
overview, 35–38
recovery of, 86–87
requirements, 36
role management, 212–214
server pool master, 35, 37–38, 39, 61–63
shared storage and, 35–36, 179
simple forms of, 209–210
single server pool, 59–60
stretched, 58
two-in-one, 63
virtual machine servers, 38, 61
Server Update Groups, 452–454
servers
adding to server pools, 207, 209–214
adding to VM server farms, 72
best server, 204
considerations, 334–335
current, 205
HTTP, 440
instances, 6–7
large, 62
maintenance mode, 455–456
migrating to OVM, 316–320
overview, 35–38
pre-staged, 7
shared physical devices, 233
showback feature, 97
showback/chargeback feature, 97, 359–375
SI (Support Identifier), 441, 445
single pane of glass, 97
Single Sign-On (SSO), 441, 442
Site Guard, 79, 88, 89–90, 436, 438
site-specific local data, 432–433
Software Library
considerations, 343
templates in, 416–419
uploading images to, 416–417
software virtualization, 10–13
SPARC platform, 29
spikes, 66
SSH (Secure Shell), 142–145
SSL keystore, 344–347
SSO (Single Sign-On), 441, 442
Start option, 54
state management, 53–55
states, virtual machines, 50
static configuration, 169
statistics, 238
stop command, 52
stop transition state, 54
configuring hardware for, 180–199
considerations, 326, 333, 334–335
contents, 433
creating repository, 192–196
disk assignment, 210
Fibre Channel, 185–191
key concepts, 326–328
locally attached, 326–327, 328, 329
NFS. See NFS entries
non-shared, 179
options for, 178
redundant, 180
repository-based, 273, 326–327
requirements, 286–287, 327, 333
SAN, 35, 179–180, 191–192, 333
server farms, 73
shared vs. non-shared storage, 179
virtual, 307
VM server farms, 73
VM server-based, 275
Storage Area Network. See SAN
Storage Connect framework, 77
Storage Connect plug-in, 186–187, 189, 196–199
storage infrastructure, 390
storage live migration, 80
storage maximums, 81
Storage network role, 170
storage plug-ins, 196–199
storage protocols, 272
storage repository. See repositories
storage service, 272
storage virtualization, 13–14
Sun Microsystems, 20
Support Identifier (SI), 441, 445
suspended state, 50, 52–53, 55
Swift (objects), 98
switched networking, 161
switchover processes
automating, 437–438
considerations, 432
testing, 435–436
switchover/failover operations, 433, 434
SYSMAN account, 354
system clock, 115–116
T
.tar files, 226, 276, 277, 278
targets, 185
templates, 257–268
32-bit VM, 31
64-bit VM, 31–32
advantages of, 218
cloning with, 53
configuring with OVMM, 220–226
creating manually, 260–267
creating virtual machines via, 53, 269–283
deploying (Cloud Control), 384–387
Export OVF Template, 320–321
features, 47
importing, 222–225, 276–277, 405
manually deploying, 384–387
resources, 271–275
reusing, 267
in software library, 416–419
templates vs. appliances as source, 270
VM Guest Additions, 258–259
as VM source, 270
VM Templates folder, 192
terminal console, 295–296, 297
test environments, 10
testing
with iperf, 251
network issues, 251
Power-On Self Test, 106–107
recovery/switchover processes, 435–436
upgrades, 316
virtualization and, 10
threads, 243
time zones, 115–116
timeouts, 206
top command, 236–237
training, 9–10
troubleshooting, 457–474
command-line tools for, 459–467
directories, 459, 460, 470–471
entities, 471–473
job errors, 473–474
multipathing, 467–468
Network File System, 469
networking, 459–467
Oracle VM Server, 459–469
overview, 458–459
with OVMM, 470–474
packets, bad, 461
process flow, 458–459
trunking, 44, 162, 165. See also bonding
tuning
CPUs, 243–249
I/O subsystem, 252
networks, 249–252
Oracle VM Servers, 243–253
OS, 243–249
virtual machines, 252–253
U
ULN (Unbreakable Linux Network), 440, 446, 448–452
ULN registration, 441–445
Unbreakable Linux Network. See ULN
universally unique identifier (UUID), 86, 131, 134
University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory, 21
Unix systems
guest OS, 27–28
hardware virtualization, 27
paravirtualization, 28
updates
Oracle VM servers, 454–456
OVS servers, 440
upgrade testing, 316
upgrades, application, 316
user domain guests, 41
user role, 39
user security, 354
UUID (universally unique identifier), 86, 131, 134
V
vCPUs (virtual CPUs)
limiting, 246–247
priority, 252
tuning and, 243
VIP (virtual IP) address, 204
virtual appliances
considerations, 219
creating virtual machines with, 275–276
described, 80
exporting, 225–226
importing, 222–225
templates and, 79–80
as VM source, 270
Virtual Appliances folder, 192
virtual block devices, 242
virtual CPUs (vCPUs), 6, 237, 243
virtual disks, 14, 220, 232–233, 272
Virtual Disks folder, 192
virtual guests, 26
virtual host, 122
virtual IP (VIP) address, 204
virtual LANs. See VLANs
virtual machine assemblies, 79–80
virtual machine maximums, 81
virtual machine monitor (VMM), 13
Virtual Machine network role, 170
virtual machine servers. See VM servers
virtual machines. See Oracle VM; VMs
virtual network devices, 242
virtual network interfaces (vNICs), 174–175, 390
virtualization. See also Oracle VM
backup/restore feature, 8
backups, 14
cloud computing and, 6
component, 13–14
considerations, 14
described, 4
full software virtualization, 11–12
functional separation and, 7–8
hardware-assisted, 11, 12–13, 16, 22–23
history, 20–26
hosting and, 9
Kernel Virtual Machine, 20
limitations, 5
Oracle support for, 30–31
overview, 4–5
paravirtualization. See paravirtualization
performance and, 8
practice systems, 10
QA systems, 10
reasons for, 5–10
server consolidation, 6–7
server provisioning, 7
storage, 13–14
technologies, 10–17
testing and, 10
training and, 9–10
Xen. See Xen entries
virtualization products, 5
virtualization summary, 16–17, 325–337
Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O (VT-D), 47
virtual-to-virtual migration, 315–323
VLAN adapters, 330
VLAN groups, 390
VLANs (virtual LANs)
adding, 171
CIDR addressing, 331
considerations, 160–161
creating, 166–169
network bonding and, 163–165
VM consoles, 120
VM Files folder, 192
VM Guest Additions API
overview, 258–259
templates, 257–268
VM high availability, 214–215
VM network channels, 328, 330–331, 333
VM networks, 159–176. See also network entries
basics, 160–169
bridged networks, 161
configuration, 169, 170–174, 307
considerations, 160
NAT networks, 162
network adapters, 169
network bonding, 162–166
network topology, 160–161
requirements, 105–106
roles, 170
routed networks, 162
setting up, 161
static vs. DHCP configuration, 169
switched networks, 161
VLANs. See VLANs
VM Server. See Oracle VM Server
VM server farms, 57–74
adding hardware/resources, 72
capacity planning, 63, 64, 69–73
considerations, 73
planning for, 58–63
pools. See server pools
storage, 73
VM Server farms, 36–37
VM Server storage. See storage
VM servers. See also Oracle VM Server
changing configuration of, 308
server consolidation, 6–7
server pools. See server pools
updating, 454–456
VM Templates folder, 192
VMM (virtual machine monitor), 13. See also Xen Hypervisor
VMs (virtual machines). See also guest VMs
adding resources to, 282
backups, 8
changing configuration, 306–307
cloning, 53, 157, 275, 308, 312–314
considerations, 37
converting physical machines to, 316–320
CPU/memory, 375
creating, 308–310
creating from templates, 269–283
creating manually, 285–300
deleting, 310–311
deploying via IaaS, 419–423
described, 37
details about, 240
determining status of, 302–304
disaster recovery, 87–88
exporting to appliances, 277
history, 375
hosting environments, 9
lifecycle management, 39
managing, 302–306
memory and, 252
migration, 53, 305–306, 455–456
modifying, 306–307
passwords, 419
restores, 8
self-provisioning. See IaaS
starting, 304
state of, 302–306
status, 375
stopping, 304–305
summaries, 375
suspending/resuming, 305
target counts, 343
tuning, 252–253
uptime, 239
VMware
considerations, 277
described, 5
history, 20–21
migrating from, 320–323
vNICs (virtual network interfaces), 174–175, 390
VT-D (Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O), 47
VT-x technology, 12
W
WebLogic keystore file, 346
WebLogic server, 77
Windows systems
data collection tools, 65
paravirtualized drivers, 27
workload data collection, 65
World Wide ID (WWID), 468
WWID (World Wide ID), 468
X
X86 platform, 20
Xen bridge (xenbr), 44, 161, 272
Xen Hypervisor. See also VMM
history, 21
memory management, 46
new features, 77
operations, 44
overview, 45–47
Xen product, 21–26
Xen Tools
determining status of virtual machines, 302
migrating virtual machines, 305–306
modifying virtual machines, 306, 307
starting/stopping virtual machines, 304, 305
suspending/resuming virtual machines, 304, 305
Xen Top command, 70
Xen virtualization system
architecture, 40–47
dom0 (domain 0), 37, 40–41, 77
xenbr (Xen bridge), 44, 161, 272
xenpm get-cpu-topology, 243–244
xenstoreprovider library, 259
xentop command, 460, 461, 462–463
xm block-list command, 238, 242
xm network-list command, 238, 242
xm vcpu-list command, 237, 240–241, 244–245, 247
xm vcpu-set command, 244, 246–247
Y
Yellowdog Updater Modified. See yum entries
yum repository, 258, 440–445, 448–452
Z
ZFS plug-in, 199
ZFS Storage Appliances, 183, 197, 434
ZFS storage arrays, 90, 186, 197, 198
zones, 391–395