Chapter 4

 

1. Heywood, Politics, P. 425.

2. Heilbroner, Robert The Worldly Philosophers, Penguin Books: London, 1991, P. 54.

3. Held, David ‘Central Perspective on The Modern State, in McLennan et al., P. 32.

4. Nelson, Western Political Thought, P. 202.

5. Ibid., P. 204.

6. Macpherson, C. B. The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism, Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1962.

7. Heywood, Politics, P. 94.

8. Heilbroner, The Worldly Philosophers, P. 49.

9. Ibid.

10. Ibid.

11. Ibid., P. 47.

12. Ibid., P. 55.

13. Ibid., P. 54.

14. Gauba, An Introduction to Political Theory, (Fourth edition), P. 192.

15. Heilbroner, The Worldly Philosophers, P. 69.

16. Ibid.

17. Ibid., P. 90.

18. Ibid., P. 98.

19. Wayper, Political Thought, P. 90.

20. Ibid.

21. Held, ‘Central Perspective on The Modern State’, P. 43.

22. Ibid.

23. Wayper, Political Thought, P. 95.

24. Nelson, Western Political Thought, P. 283.

25. Will Durant, The Story of Philosophy, © Will Durant: New York, 1926, P. 376.

26. Gauba, An Introduction to Political Theory, (Fourth edition), P. 195.

27. Durant, The Story of Philosophy, P. 397.

28. Nelson, Western Political Thought, P. 286.

29. Macpherson, The Life and Times of Liberal Democracy, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1977, P. 36.

30. Jain, Political Theory, P. 259.

31. Ibid., P. 264.

32. Gray, John, Introduction/vii, Oxford World's Classics—J. S. Mill: On Liberty and Other Essays, Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1991.

33. Joad, Introduction to Modern Political Theory, P. 24.

34. Wayper, Political Thought, P. 111.

35. Macpherson, The Life and Times of Liberal Democracy, P. 50.

36. Wayper, Political Thought, P. 114.

37. Gauba, An Introduction to Political Theory, (Fourth edition), P. 201.

38. Sabine, A History of Political Theory, P. 643.

39. Jain, Political Theory, P. 266.

40. Ibid., P. 268.

41. Nelson, Western Political Thought, P. 314.

42. Wayper, Political Thought, PP. 176–17.

43. Nelson, Western Political Thought, P. 315.

44. Wayper, Political Thought, P. 183.

45. Sabine, A History of Political Theory, P. 660.

46. Gauba, An Introduction to Political Theory (Fourth edition), P. 205.

47. Wayper, Political Thought, P. 178.

48. Ibid., P. 178.

49. Wayper, Political Thought, P. 179.

50. Nelson, Western Political Thought, PP. 317–18.

51. Ibid., P. 325.

52. Sabine, A History of Political Theory, P. 661.

53. Bottomore, T. B. Political Sociology, B. I. Publications: New Delhi, 1979, P. 157.

54. Gauba, An Introduction to Political Theory (Fourth edition), P. 358.

55. Laski, An Introduction to Politics, P. 11.

56. Ibid., P. 17.

57. Ibid., P. 29.

58. Jain, Political Theory, P. 357.

59. Laski, An Introduction to Politics, P. 18.

60. Jain, Political Theory, P. 273.

61. Laski, An Introduction to Politics, P. 15.

62. Gauba, An Introduction to Political Theory (Fourth edition), P. 208.

63. Asirvatham, Political Theory, P. 52.

64. Bottomore, Political Sociology, P. 7.

65. Gauba, An Introduction to Political Theory (Fourth edition), P. 210.

66. Ibid., P. 164.

67. Jain, Political Theory, P. 278.

68. Heilbroner, The Worldly Philosophers, P. 271.

69. Ibid., P. 275.

70. Jain, Political Theory, PP. 281–2.

71. DeLong, J. Bradford, ‘Sisyphus as Social Democrat’, Foreign Affairs, May–June 2005, published by the Council for Foreign Relations (CFR): New York.

72. Gauba, An Introduction to Political Theor, (Fouth edition), P. 329.

73. Walton, ‘Justifying the Welfare State’, in McLennan et al., P. 112.

74. Stiglitz, Joseph E., Economics of the Public Sector, W. W. Norton & Company, New York, 2000, PP. 76–85.

75. Drézé, Jean and Amartya Sen, India: Economic Development and Social Opportunity, Oxford University Press: Delhi, 1995, Preface/iii.

76. Ibid., P. 11.

77. Heywood, Politics, P. 185.

78. Ibid., P. 120.

79. Walton, ‘Justifying The Welfare State’, P. 121.

80. Ibid., P. 118.

81. Lenin, The State and Revolution, P. 18.

82. Heywood, Politics, P. 91.

83. Vincent, Theories of the State, P. 147.

84. Mukherjee and Ramaswamy, A History of Political Thought, P. 365.

85. Karl Marx and F. Engels, Manifesto of the Communist Party, Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1975, P. 44.

86. Lenin, The State and Revolution, P. 15.

87. Held, ‘Central Perspective on Modern State’, P. 54.

88. Mukherjee and Ramaswamy, A History of Political Thought, P. 367.

89. Vincent, Theories of the State, P. 145.

90. Lenin, The State and Revolution, P. 11.

91. Held, ‘Central Perspective on Modern State’, P. 57.

92. Lenin, The State and Revolution, P. 19.

93. Vincent, Theories of the State, P. 164.

94. Ibid., P. 166.

95. The word hegemony is derived from the Greek word hegemonia meaning ‘leader’.

96. Gregor McLennan, ‘Capitalist State or Democratic Polity?’ in McLennan (eds), P. 93.

97. Heywood, Politics, P. 201.

98. Vincent, Theories of the State, P. 167.

99. McLennan, ‘Capitalist State or Democratic Polity?’ P. 95.

100. Held, ‘Central Perspective on Modern State’, P. 59.

101. M. Haralambos, Sociology: Themes and Perspective, P. 105.

102. Ibid.