Chapter 3: Typing Variables and Controlling the Flow

Your Turn 1

Your Turn 2

a. splitting.cr

b. utf8.cr: The cat character 猫 has unicode codepoint 29483 and takes 3 bytes: 231, 140, and 171.

c. object_id.cr: Strings with the same value have the same object_id for performance. That id, of course, could differ from the value given here.

Integers have no object_id because they are created on the stack.

Your Turn 3

string_symbol.cr: They are not the same.

Your Turn 4

destructuring.cr

Your Turn 5

a. union_types.cr

b. hashes.cr

c. compile_runtime.cr

Your Turn 6

a. var1.cr: The value of var1 is 2; same output for a while instead of if.

b. if_elsif_else.cr: The output is 9 and has one digit.

c. exception_union.cr: The compile-time type of a is (Int32 | Nil); Nil is the type it had when an exception occurred. Use as to ease the compiler.