List of Figures
Fig. 1.1Principle of pulse width modulation.
Fig. 1.2Single pulse width modulation.
Fig. 1.3Multiple pulse width modulation.
Fig. 1.4Sinusoidal pulse width modulation.
Fig. 1.5Trapezoidal modulation.
Fig. 1.8Harmonic-injected modulation.
Fig. 2.1Representation of the rotating vector in a complex plane space vector representation of the three-phase quantity.
Fig. 2.2Three-phase two-level inverter.
Fig. 2.3Possible switching states of the two-level inverter.
Fig. 2.4Three-phase (a, b, c) to two-phase (d, q) transformation.
Fig. 2.5Space vector diagram of the two-level inverter.
Fig. 2.6Representation of the reference vector in terms of the volt-second relation.
Fig. 3.1Three-phase six-level diode-clamped inverter.
Fig. 3.2Three-phase six-level flying capacitor inverter.
Fig. 3.3Single-phase structure of cascaded H-bridge inverter.
Fig. 4.1Schematic diagram of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 4.2Space vector diagram of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 4.3Voltage vectors of the three-level inverter in sector I
Fig. 4.4Switching pattern of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 4.5Gate currents of the two-level inverter.
Fig. 4.6Pole voltages of the two-level inverter.
Fig. 4.6Pole voltages of the two-level inverter.
Fig. 4.7Phase voltages of the two-level inverter.
Fig. 4.8Line-to-line voltages of the two-level inverter.
Fig. 4.9Stator currents of the two-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 4.10Torque, speed, and flux responses of the two-level inverter fed induction motor for load torque (TL) of 10.32 N-m.
Fig. 4.11Output line voltage (and its harmonic spectrum) of the two-level inverter.
Fig. 4.12Gate currents of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 4.13Pole voltages of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 4.14Phase voltages of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 4.15Line-to-line voltages of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 4.16Stator currents of the three-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 4.17Torque, speed, and flux responses of the three-level inverter fed induction motor for load torque (TL) of 10.32 N-m.
Fig. 4.18Output line voltage (and its harmonic spectrum) of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 5.1Voltage space vectors of the two-level inverter.
Fig. 5.2Voltage space vectors of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 5.3Voltage space vectors of the five-level inverter by inherent fractal structure.
Fig. 5.4Location of the reference vector in the two-level inverter.
Fig. 5.5Locus of the tip of the reference vector passing through different layers of the five-level inverter.
Fig. 5.6Triangularization of the two-level inverter in sector I.
Fig. 5.7Sector I of the two-level inverter.
Fig. 5.8First triangularization of the two-level inverter.
Fig. 5.9Triangularization of sector I of equivalent three-level inverter.
Fig. 5.10Space vector representation of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 5.11Sector identification and switching vector determination of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 5.12Switching states and sectors of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 5.13Space vector diagram of the three-level inverter with rotating reference vector.
Fig. 5.14Five-level diode-clamped inverter.
Fig. 5.15Space vector representation of the five-level inverter.
Fig. 5.16Switching states of the five-level inverter.
Fig. 5.17Sector identification and switching vector determination of the five-level inverter.
Fig. 5.18Space vector diagram of the five-level inverter with rotating reference vector.
Fig. 5.19Space vector diagram of the three-level inverter for a basic reference angle (α) of 6°.
Fig. 5.20Space vector diagram of the three-level inverter when reference angle (α) rotated through 360°.
Fig. 5.21Pole voltages of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 5.22Line-to-line voltages of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 5.23Phase voltages of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 5.24Gate currents of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 5.25Stator currents of the three-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 5.26Speed response of the three-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 5.27Torque response of the three-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 5.28Output line voltage harmonic spectrum of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 5.29Space vector diagram of the five-level inverter for a basic reference angle (α) of 6°.
Fig. 5.30Space vector diagram of the five-level inverter when reference angle (α) rotated through 360°.
Fig. 5.31Pole voltages of the five-level inverter.
Fig. 5.32Line-to-line voltages of the five-level inverter.
Fig. 5.33Phase voltages of the five-level inverter.
Fig. 5.34Gate currents of the five-level inverter.
Fig. 5.35Stator currents of the five-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 5.36Stator current of the five-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 5.37Speed response of the five-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 5.38Torque response of the three-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 5.39Output voltage harmonic spectrum of the five-level inverter.
Fig. 6.1Seven-level NPC inverter topology.
Fig. 6.2Space vector diagram of the seven-level inverter.
Fig. 6.3Sector I of the seven-level inverter.
Fig. 6.4Flowchart of qualitative SVPWM for multilevel inverter.
Fig. 6.5Phase voltages of the two-level inverter.
Fig. 6.6Line-to-line voltages of the two-level inverter.
Fig. 6.7Output line voltage (and its harmonic spectrum) of the two-level inverter.
Fig. 6.8Stator currents of the two-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 6.9Speed response of the two-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 6.10Torque response of the two-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 6.11Phase voltages of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 6.12Line-to-voltages of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 6.13Output line voltage (and its harmonic spectrum) of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 6.14Stator currents of the three-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 6.15Speed response of the three-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 6.16Torque response of the three-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 6.17Phase voltages of the four-level inverter.
Fig. 6.18Line-to-line voltages of the four-level inverter.
Fig. 6.19Output line voltage (and its harmonic spectrum) of the four-level inverter.
Fig. 6.20Stator currents of the four-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 6.21Speed response of the four-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 6.22Torque response of the four-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 6.23Phase voltages of the five-level inverter.
Fig. 6.24Line-to-line voltages of the five-level inverter.
Fig. 6.25Output line voltage (and its harmonic spectrum) of the five-level inverter.
Fig. 6.26Stator currents of the five-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 6.27Speed response of the five-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 6.28Torque response of the five-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 6.29Phase voltages of the six-level inverter.
Fig. 6.30Line-to-line voltages of the six-level inverter.
Fig. 6.31Output line voltage (and its harmonic spectrum) of the six-level inverter.
Fig. 6.32Stator currents of the six-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 6.33Speed response of the six-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 6.34Torque response of the six-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 6.35Phase voltages of the seven-level inverter.
Fig. 6.36Line-to-line voltages of the seven-level inverter.
Fig. 6.37Output line voltage (and its harmonic spectrum) of the seven-level inverter.
Fig. 6.38Stator currents of the seven-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 6.39Speed response of the seven-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 6.40Torque response of the seven-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 7.1Space vector diagram of the seven-level inverter.
Fig. 7.2Seven-level NPC inverter topology.
Fig. 7.3Decomposition of the space vector diagram of the seven-level inverter into the space vector diagram of the four-level inverter.
Fig. 7.4Decomposition of the space vector diagram of the four-level inverter into the space vector diagram of the three-level inverter
Fig. 7.5Decomposition of the space vector diagram of the three-level inverter into the space vector diagram of the two-level inverter.
Fig. 7.6Division of overlapped regions.
Fig. 7.7First translation of the reference voltage vector.
Fig. 7.8Second translation of the reference voltage vector.
Fig. 7.9Third translation of the reference voltage vector.
Fig. 7.10Pole voltages of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 7.11Phase voltages of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 7.12Line-to-line voltages of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 7.13Stator currents of the three-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 7.14Speed response of the three-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 7.15Torque response of the three-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 7.16Output line voltage (and its harmonic spectrum) of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 7.17Pole voltages of the five-level inverter.
Fig. 7.18Phase voltages of the five-level inverter.
Fig. 7.19Line-to-line voltages of the five-level inverter.
Fig. 7.20Stator currents of the five-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 7.21Speed response of the five-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 7.22Torque response of the five-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 7.23Output line voltage (and its harmonic spectrum) of the five-level inverter.
Fig. 7.24Pole voltages of the seven-level inverter.
Fig. 7.25Phase voltages of the seven-level inverter.
Fig. 7.26Line-to-line voltages of the seven-level inverter.
Fig. 7.27Stator currents of the seven-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 7.28Speed response of the seven-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 7.29Torque response of the seven-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 7.30Output line voltage (and its harmonic spectrum) of the seven-level inverter.
Fig. 8.1Space vector diagram of the two-level inverter.
Fig. 8.2Space vector diagram of the three-level inverter in sextant I.
Fig. 8.3Eleven-level NPC inverter topology.
Fig. 8.4Subsections of the eleven-level inverter in sextant I.
Fig. 8.5Space vector diagram of the eleven-level inverter in sector I.
Fig. 8.6Relation between the voltage vectors of N- and two-level inverters.
Fig. 8.7Positive and negative triangles of the N-level inverter space vector diagram.
Fig. 8.8Flowchart of the N-level inverter.
Fig. 8.9Phase voltages of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 8.10Line-to-line voltages of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 8.11Output line voltage harmonic spectrum of the three-level inverter.
Fig. 8.12Stator currents of the three-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 8.13Speed response of the three-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 8.14Torque response of the three-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 8.15Phase voltages of the five-level inverter.
Fig. 8.16Line-to-line voltage of the five-level inverter.
Fig. 8.17Output line voltage harmonic spectrum of the five-level inverter.
Fig. 8.18Stator currents of the five-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 8.19Speed response of the five-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 8.20Torque response of the five-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 8.21Phase voltages of the seven-level inverter.
Fig. 8.22Line-to-line voltage of the seven-level inverter.
Fig. 8.23Output line voltage harmonic spectrum of the seven-level inverter.
Fig. 8.24Stator currents of the seven-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 8.25Speed response of the seven-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 8.26Torque response of the seven-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 8.27Phase voltages of the nine-level inverter.
Fig. 8.28Line-to-line voltage of the nine-level inverter.
Fig. 8.29Output line voltage harmonic spectrum of the nine-level inverter.
Fig. 8.30Stator currents of the nine-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 8.31Speed response of the nine-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 8.32Torque response of the nine-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 8.33Phase voltages of the eleven-level inverter.
Fig. 8.34Line-to-line voltages of the eleven-level inverter.
Fig. 8.35Output line voltage harmonic spectrum of the eleven-level inverter.
Fig. 8.36Stator currents of the eleven-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 8.37Speed response of the eleven-level inverter fed induction motor.
Fig. 8.38Torque response of the eleven-level inverter fed induction motor.