A

adhesion, relationship to wicks, 17

adhesive tape, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 122

air pressure, relationship to vacuum pump, 109

air-dry clays, sing with covered lamps, 11

Alexandria

Heron of, 48

Jokester of, 30–32

angles

measuring with circumferentor, 102–104

measuring with Jacob’s staff, 79

measuring with theodolite, 105

triangulating, 100

anvils, described, 59

aqueduct, building of, 30

Archimedes, 8, 40–41

assembly diagrams. See also diagrams

bag presses, 24

covered lamp, 13

fishing lure, 89

Jacob’s staff, 75

Magdeburg hemispheres, 111

Oliver hammer, 66, 68

B

bag, preparing for bag press, 23

bag presses

assembly diagram, 24

bracing triangles, 25

choosing wood for, 23

comparing to oil lamp, 26

completing and operating, 25

explaining, 27

frame and flanges, 25

materials and tools, 22

operation of, 21

band saw, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 121

barbed hooks, using with fishing lures, 92

baseline, measuring, 99

bellows, described, 59

belt sander, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 121

ben Gershon, Levi, 72

Berners, Juliana, 86–87, 92

blacksmiths

fireplace used by, 69

tools of, 59

block and tackle, mechanics of, 55–56

The Boke of Saint Albans, 86

Book about the Lifting of Heavy Things, 55

brushes and files, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 119

Buel, J. T., 88

C

cake pans

attaching knobs to, 111–112

attempting to pull apart, 114

capillary action, 15–16

cave-dwellers, 6–8

cellulose, lipophilic quality of, 17

chain model theory, 31

circle, calculating area of, 110

circumferentor. See also triangulation

block and aiming sights, 104

building, 103–104

diagram, 102

materials and tools, 103

clamps, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 119

cleats, attaching for gin pole crane, 51

cloth tube, squeezing ends of, 26

cohesion, relationship to wicks, 17

coiled lamp. See covered lamp

combustion zones in oil lamps, 16

Copernicus, Nicholas, 82

cord or rope, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 122

cordless drill, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 120

cosines, law of, 97

covered lamp

assembly diagram, 13

comparing to saucer lamp, 12

making, 11–14

materials, 11

safety note, 14

cranes

gin pole, 49–50

invention by Heron, 49–50

invention of, 48

materials and tools, 50

windlass, 49

cross-staff, invention of, 72–73

Ctesibius, 30–32, 49

cutters and mat, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 119

D

Dame Juliana, 86–87, 92

dead reckoning, 72

diagrams. See also assembly diagrams

gin pole crane, 51

Wringing Out the Science, 26

diameter of circle, calculating, 110

digital multimeter, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 121

distances, measuring, 96–99

drill and drill bits, using with bag press, 22

drill press, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 121

drills, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 120

duct tape, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 122

E

earth, determining size of, 96

Egypt

city of Memphis, 20

“Old Kingdom,” 20

electric drill

using with bag press, 22

using with circumferentor, 103

using with Jacob’s staff, 74

using with Tantalus Cup, 33

using with vacuum pump, 110

electrical tape, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 122

engibita, 32

engineers, Heron of Alexandria, 48

ephemeris, using with Jacob’s staff, 80

epoxy, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 122

Eratosthenes, 96

F

files and brushes

keeping in inventor’s workshop, 119

using with Tantalus Cup, 33

fishing lures, 86

assembling, 91

assembly diagram, 89

barbed hooks, 92

material properties, 92

materials and tools, 88

preparing spoon for, 90

techniques for making, 93

fly lures, explained, 87

forge, described, 59

forged fishing hooks, properties of, 93

G

Galilei, Galileo, 82

gin pole crane

adding guy lines to, 52

attaching cleats, 51

building, 50–54

diagram, 51

hoist attached to, 52

staking, 53

using, 54

glue, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 122

graphite lubricant, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 122

grinder

keeping in inventor’s workshop, 121

using with fishing lure, 88

Grok and Thagg, 6–8

guy lines, attaching to gin pole, 52

H

hacksaw

keeping in inventor’s workshop, 118

using with fishing lure, 88

using with Tantalus Cup, 33

hammers. See also lift hammer; Oliver hammer

described, 59

keeping in inventor’s workshop, 118

using with gin pole, 50

handsaw, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 118

heat-shrink tubing, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 122

heavy things, lifting, 48–49, 55–56

Heron of Alexandria, 48

books by, 55

contrasting to Ctesibius, 49

invention of crane, 49–50

hoist, attaching to gin pole crane, 52

Holland, triangulation of, 97

horses pulling against vacuum, 109–110

hydraulic inventions, 32

I

Index Librorum Prohibitorum, 82

ink markers, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 122

inventor’s workshop

supplies, 122

tools, 117–121

workbench, 117

J

Jacob’s staff

assembled version of, 77

assembling, 74–77

invention of, 72–73

marking latitude scale, 76

materials and tools, 74

using, 78–79

using ephemeris with, 80

jig lures, explained, 87

Jokester of Alexandria, 30–32

juice, extraction from grapes, 21

L

lamps. See also wicks

African and Middle Eastern types, 8

components of, 15

importance to cave-dwellers, 7

Roman type, 8

Lascaux cave painting, 6

latitude scale, marking for Jacob’s staff, 76

lift hammer, invention of, 62–63. See also hammers; Oliver hammer

lifting device, invention of, 48

lifting heavy things, 55–56

lipophilic quality of cellulose, 17

liquid cohesion, 31

lures

fly type, 87

jigs, 87

making, 87

plugs, 87

spoons, 87–89

types, 87

M

machine, defined, 26

Magdeburg hemispheres, 108. See also vacuum pump

assembly diagram, 111

attaching knobs to cake pans, 111–112

paper sealing gasket, 112

re-creating, 110–114

magnifying lens, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 120

mapmaking. See triangulation

markers, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 122

materials

bag presses, 22

circumferentor, 103

covered lamp, 11

cranes, 50

fishing lures, 88

Jacob’s staff, 74

olive oil lamps, 9

Oliver hammer, 65

Tantalus Cup, 33

vacuum pump, 110

water screws, 43

mathematicians

Archimedes, 40

Snell, Willebrord, 96–97

The Maxims of Ptah-Hotep, 20

measuring tools, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 119

Memphis, Egypt, 20

mixing equipment, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 119

molecules, attraction in liquids, 16–17

multimeter, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 121

N

nails, medieval versus contemporary, 62

navigation

cross-staff used for, 73

dead reckoning, 72

Newton, Isaac, 82

Nile River, 20

North Star, 78

NPT (National Pipe Thread taper), 22

O

oil

early sources of, 7

keeping in inventor’s workshop, 122

oil lamps

combustion zones, 16

comparing to bag presses, 26

flame and wick, 16

improving finish of, 15

lighting, 14

pyrolizing zone, 16

“Old Kingdom” of Egypt, 20

olive oil lamps

covered type, 11–14

materials, 9

saucer type, 9–10

uses of, 8

olive trees, cultivation of, 7–8

Oliver hammer. See also hammers

assembly diagrams, 65, 68

building, 65–69

invention of, 62–63

materials, 65

mechanics of, 63–64

pipe threads, 65

records of, 64

replica, 69

P

pencils, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 122

petroleum, early use of, 7

pipe threads, using with Oliver hammer, 65

pipe wrenches, using with Oliver hammer, 65

pliers, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 119

plug lures, explained, 87

pneumatics, explained, 30

Polaris, 78

Polo, Marco, 7

press, making for bag press, 24–25

propane torches, safety notes, 37

protractor, using with Jacob’s staff, 74

Ptah-Hotep

mastaba of, 20

scenes on tomb of, 20–21

wine making in time of, 21

pump, using water screw with, 42–45

PVC pipe, using with water screw pump, 43

pyrolizing zone in oil lamps, 16

Pythagoras Cup, 33–34

R

Rabbi Gershon, 72–73

radius of circle, calculating, 110

rags, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 122

rope or cord, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 122

“running down a latitude,” 72–73

S

safety equipment, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 119–120

safety glasses, using with fishing lure, 88

safety notes

covered lamp, 14

propane torches, 37

sailing. See navigation

sandpaper, using with fishing lure, 88

sandpaper, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 122

Saqqara, 20

saucer lamp

comparing to covered lamp, 12

making, 9–10

saw

using with gin pole, 50

using with Jacob’s staff, 74

scale, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 120

scissors

using with oil lamp, 9, 11

using with vacuum pump, 110

screwdrivers

keeping in inventor’s workshop, 118

using with Jacob’s staff, 74

using with Oliver hammer, 65

using with water screw pump, 43

scroll saw, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 121

sea navigation. See navigation

shadouf lifting device, 48

shooting an angle, explained, 99–100

shovel, using with gin pole, 50

sines, law of, 97, 100–101

siphon. See also Tantalus Cup

cup assembly, 35

filing opening for, 35

glass tube method, 36

invention of, 30

making for Tantalus Cup, 34–36

mechanics of, 31

plastic bottle method, 34

plastic tube method, 36

sledgehammer, using with gin pole, 50

smith, defined, 59

smithy, explained, 69

Snell, Willebrord, 96–97, 105

socket and wrench set, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 119

Socrates, 8

soldering iron, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 120

Sophocles, 8

spoon lures

explained, 87–89

preparing for use, 90

steel punch, using with fishing lure, 88

Stone Age, 6

string or twine, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 122

supplies, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 122

surface tension, relationship to wicks, 16–17

swages, described, 59

swape lifting device, 48

T

table saw, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 121

Tantalus Cup. See also siphon

legend, 37

materials and tools, 33

preparing, 33–34

tape, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 122

Thagg and Grok, 6–8

theodolite, 105

tongs, described, 59

tools

bag presses, 22

band saw, 121

belt sander, 121

clamps, 119

cranes, 50

cutters and mat, 119

digital multimeter, 121

drills and drill presses, 120–121

files and brushes, 119

grinder, 121

hacksaw, 118

hammers, 118

handsaw, 118

Jacob’s staff, 74

magnifying lens, 120

measuring tools, 119

mixing equipment, 119

pliers, 119

safety equipment, 119–120

scale, 120

screwdrivers, 118

scroll saw, 121

socket and wrench set, 119

soldering iron, 120

table saw, 121

Tantalus Cup, 33

volume measuring equipment, 119

torsional force, explained, 26

towels, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 122

Treatyse of Fysshynge with an Angle, 85–86

triangulation. See also circumferentor

explained, 97

invention of, 96–97

trigonometry, meaning of, 97

twine or string, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 122

twisting, effect of, 26–27

V

vacuum

pulling, 113

releasing, 114

vacuum pump. See also Magdeburg hemispheres

invention of, 108

materials and tools, 110

testing, 113–114

use of, 114–115

vending machine, invention of, 49

Vitruvius, Marcus, 45

volume measuring equipment, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 119

von Guericke, Otto, 108

W

water screws

assembling, 43–45

explorimenting with, 45

invention of, 40

materials, 43

mechanics of, 41–42

operating, 45

using with pumps, 42–45

whale blubber, use as fuel, 7

wicks. See also lamps

adhesion, 17

capillary action, 15–16

chemical processes, 15–16

cohesion, 17

surface tension, 16–17

windlass, use with cranes, 49

wine, early making of, 21

wipes, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 122

workbench, using in inventor’s workshop, 117

wrench and socket set, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 119

Wringing Out the Science diagram, 26

“wringing the cloth,” 21

Z

zip ties, keeping in inventor’s workshop, 122