Index
A
Abstract data types
372
Access rights
265–271
Accessors
374
ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR
328
ALTER TABLE
255–259
ANY
127
Application classes
372
Arithmetic
143–147
Arithmetic operators
145
ARRAY data type
404–406
Assertions
233–234
AVG
166
B
Base tables
10
BETWEEN
99–101
BLOG
222
BOOLEAN
220
C
CALL
300
Catalogs
211–213
CENTURY
153–154
Character data types
221
CHECK clauses
233–234
Classes
abstract
381
application
372
container
374
control
372
entity
373
inheritance
376–382
interface
373
methods
373–375
object-relational
398–399
user-defined data types as
410
CLOSE
317
Clusters
211–213
COMMIT
282
Common table expressions (CTEs)
244–248
Composition
382–384
Concatenation
147–148
CONNECT
278–278
Container classes
374
Constraint checking
234–236
Constraints
adding
255–259
CHECK clauses
233–234
foreign key
223–233
primary key
223
Constructors
374
Control classes
372
Correlated subqueries
seeSubqueries
Correlation names
117–121
CREATE ASSERTION
234
CREATE DOMAIN
216–217
CREATE FUNCTION
289
CREATE INDEX
248–250
CREATE PROCEDURE
288
CREATE SCHEMA
215
CREATE TABLE
218–234
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE
243
CREATE TRIGGER
299–300
CREATE USER
263–265
CREATE VIEW
238–239
CUME_DIST
191
CURRENT_DATE
151–152
CURRENT_TIME
151–152
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
151–152
Cursors
closing
317, 334
declaring
311, 332–332
dynamic parameters with
328–354
opening
314, 332
scrolling
311
sensitivity of
312–313
updating data with
312
D
Database
connecting to
278–279
disconnecting from
279
definition
3
Date and time data types
221–222
Date and time manipulation
EXTRACT
156
Intervals
152–154
OVERLAPS
155
System values for
151–152
Data modification
changing data values
201–202
copying rows from another table
199–200
deleting rows
202–208
embedded
317–322
inserting one row
197–199
with cursors
321–322
Data retrieval
seeSELECT
Data types
changing with CAST
167–169
for columns
219–222, 358–361
object-relational
402–409
DBMS return codes
305–308
DEALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR
334
DECADE
153–154
Decimal data types
219–220
DECLARE CURSOR
311
DECLARE SECTION
304–305
Default values
223
DELETE
202–204, 322
Deleting
domains
260
table elements
258
tables
260–261
using cursors
322
DEREF
413
DESCRIBE
226
DESCRIBE INPUT
330
DESCRIBE OUTPUT
330
Destructors
374
Difference (relational algebra)
58–59, 136–140
DISCONNECT
279
Divide (relational algebra)
61–63
Domains
creating
216–217
deleting
260–261
modifying
259–260
relational data model
7
UDTs for
409
DROP DOMAIN
260–261
DROP INDEX
260–261
DROP MODULE
290
DROP ROUTINE
290
DROP TABLE
260–261
DROP TRIGGER
300
DROP VIEW
260–261
Dynamic SQL
cursors for
327–334
descriptor areas
328, 330, 334
dynamic parameters
326–335
executing without cursors
334–335
immediate
323–326
input parameters
331–332
output parameters
333
preparing SQL for
328–330
E
Element names
213–214
Embedded SQL
compiler issues with
73, 301–302
cursors
309–317
data modification
317–322
EXEC SQL
304
fetching rows
314–314
host language variables
304–305
indicator variables
307–308, 318
MATCH predicate
320
return codes
305–308
Embedded SQL
see alsoDynamic SQL
Entities
4
Entity classes
373
Entity relationship diagrams (ERDs)
4, 392–397
Equi-join
40–49
EXCEPT
140
EXEC SQL
303
EXECUTE
300, 334–335
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
323–326
EXISTS
141–142
EXTRACT
156
F
Foreign keys
declaring
223–233
definition
16–18
Four-valued logic
104–105
Functions
creating
289
DEREF
413
SUBSTRING
149–150
TRIM
149
Functions
see alsoProgramming
Functions
see alsoSet functions
Functions
see alsoWindowing
Functions
see alsoXML functions
G
GET DESCRIPTOR
334
GROUP BY
170–175
Grouping queries
performing
161–177
versus windowing
190–191
I
IN
95
Indexes
creating
248–251
deleting
260–261
Indicator variables
307–308, 318
Information engineering
6
Inheritance
376–382, 411–412
INSERT
197–200, 244
Integer data types
219
Interface classes
373
Intersect (relational algebra)
59–61
INTERSECT (SQL command)
142–143
IS NULL
95–96
Isolation levels
277
Iteration
295–287
J
JAVA
303
JDBC
303
Join (relational algebra)
equi-
40–49
invalid
54–59
outer
50–54
theta
49–50
Join (in WHERE clause)
basic syntax for
107–109
correlation names for
117–121
more than two tables
114
over concatenated keys
111–114
over selected columns
110–111
replacing with uncorrelated subquery
125–130
table to itself
116–121
JOIN (SQL command)
basic syntax for
109
correlation names for
117–121
more than two tables
114
over concatenated keys
111–114
over selected columns
110–111
performance of
115–116
replacing with uncorrelated subquery
125–130
table to itself
116–121
L
Locking
275–277
LOOP, 295°296
Lost updates
273–278
M
Many-to-many relationships
13–15
MAX
166
Methods
defining
414–415
executing
415–416
overloading
375–375
types of
374–375
MICROSECONDS
153–154
MILLENNIUM
153–154
MILLISECONDS
153–154
MIN
166
MINUTE
153–154
Modifying data
seeData modification
Modifying table structure
seeTables
Modules
290
Modules
see alsoProgramming
Multiple inheritance
381
MULTISET data type
406–409
Mutators
375
N
Naming SQL elements
213–214
NATURAL JOIN
seeJOIN
Negative queries
136–140
NOT BETWEEN
99–101
NOT IN
136–139
NOT NULL
223
NTILE
191=4
O
Object-oriented databases
390
Object-oriented paradigm
benefits of
384
classes
371–384
composition
382–384
inheritance
376–382
method types
374–375
objects
367–371
overloading
375–376
polymorphism
318–382
versus relational data model
384–389
Object-relational data model
data structures in
398
classes in
398–399
entity-relationship diagrams for
392–397
relations
398
Object-relational SQL
ARRAY data type
404–406
inheritance
412–413
methods
414–416
MULTISET data type
406–409
REF data type
412–414
ROW data type
402–403
typed tables
410–411
UDTs as classes
410
UDTs as domains
409
One-to-many relationships
11–13
One-to-one relationships
10–11
OPEN
314
Operators
+ (addition)
145
ANY
127
BETWEEN
99–101
‖ (concatenation)
147–148
/ (division)
145
= (equal to)
86–88
EXCEPT
140, 144
EXISTS
140–142
EXTRACT
156
HAVING
175–177
IN
95
INTERSECT
142–143, 144
IS NULL
95–96
< (less than)
86–88
<= (less than or equal to)
86–88
> (greater than)
86–88
>= (greater than or equal to)
86–88
* (multiplication)
145
NOT IN
131–136
NOT BETWEEN
99–101
!= (not equal to)
86–88
< > (not equal to)
86–88
OVERLAPS
155
precedence of
146–147
– (subtraction)
145
– (unary minus)
145
+ (unary plus)
145
Outer join
50–54, 122–124
OVERLAPS
155
Overloading
375–376
P
Parameter passing
291–292
Partitions
179–184
PERCENT_RANK
189
PERCENTILE_CONT
194–196
PERCENTILE_DISC
194–196
Polymorphism
381–382
Precedence
146–147
Predicates
seeWHERE clause
PREPARE
330
Primary keys
declaring
223
definition
7–9
Procedures
289–290
Procedures
see alsoProgramming
Product (relational algebra)
42–45
Programming
assignment
290–291
creating functions
289
creating modules
290
creating procedures
288
deleting modules
288
executing modules
298–300
iteration
295–297
parameter passing
291–292
REPEAT
296
scope of variables
292
SQL DECLARE SECTION
292
variables
290–292
WHILE
296
Programming
see alsoEmbedded SQL
Project (relational algebra)
31–33, 25–37
Q
QUARTER
153–154
R
Recursion
244–248
REF data type
412–414
Referential integrity
16–18, 203–204, 320–321
Relational algebra
definition
29–30
difference
58–59
divide
61–63
intersect
59–61
outer join
50–54
product
42–45
union
37–38
Relational calculus
29
Relational data model
columns
5–6
domains
7
foreign keys
16–18
history of
4
nulls
9–10
primary keys
7–9
referential integrity
16–18
relationships in
4–5, 10–15
repeating groups
4–5
rows
5–6
versus object-oriented data model
382–389
Relationally complete
29
Relations
5, 398
Relationship operators
88–86
Renaming table elements
258
REPEAT
296–297
Restrict (relational algebra)
33–35, 35–37, 42–45
Retrieval
seeSELECT
Return codes
305–308
REVOKE
269–270
ROLL BACK
282
ROW data type
402–403
ROW_NUMBER
189
Routines
seeProgramming
S
Schemas
choosing which to use
215–216
creating
215
relational
6
SECOND
153–154
SELECT (SQL command)
arithmetic
143–147
CASE expressions
157–159
changing data types with CAST
167–169
choosing columns
77–80
choosing rows
84–101
common table expressions (CTEs) for
244–248
correlated subqueries
140–142
EXCEPT
140, 144
GROUP BY
170–175
HAVING
175–177
INTERSECT
142–143, 144
joining tables
107–125
negative queries
131–140
removing duplicate rows
80–82
sorting rows
82–84
uncorrelated subqueries
125–130
Select (relational algebra)
seeRestrict
Selection
CASE expressions
157–159, 294–295
SET DESCRIPTOR
330–331
Set functions
161–163
AVG
166
MAX
166
MIN
166
use in predicates
167
SET SCHEMA
215–216
SET TRANSACTION
278
SQL
command line for
70–71
element names
213–214
GUI for
71–72
history
65–67
standard conformance
67–69
SQL DECLARE SECTION
292
SQL programming
seeProgramming
SQL/XML
seeXML
SQLSTATE
305–308
START TRANSACTION
281–282
String data types
221
String operations
concatenation
147–148
SUBSTRING
149–150
TRIM
149
Subqueries
ANY operator
127
correlated
140–142, 165
negative queries
131–139
nesting
127–128
uncorrelated
125–130
SUBSTRING
149–150
T
Table constructors
124
Tables
adding columns
256
adding constraints
256
assertions
233–234
base
10, 218
CHECK clauses
233–234
constraint checking
234–236
creating
218–234
data types for
219–222
default values
223
deleting elements
258
foreign keys
223–233
modifying structure of
255–259
NOT NULL constraints
223
primary keys
223
renaming elements
259
unique values
233
Tables
see alsoRelations
Tables
see alsoTemporary tables
Temporary tables
creating
243
definition
241–242
disposition of rows
244
inserting data into
243–244
Theta join
49–50
Three-valued logic
103–104
Time manipulation
seeDate and time manipulation
Transactions
ending
282
isolation levels
277
length of
282–283
problems with
273–278
starting
281–282
Triggers
298–300
TRIM
149
TRUNCATE
205
Typed tables
410–411
U
Uncorrelated subqueries
seeSubqueries
Union (relational algebra)
37–38
UNION (SQL command)
131–136
Unique column values
233
User-defined data types (UDTs)
seeObject-relational
SQL
Users
access rights
266–271
creating
263–265
granting rights to
268–269
revoking rights from
269–270
V
Views
creating
238–239
definition
18
deleting
260–261
reasons for using
237–238
retrieval using
239–240
updating data using
240–241
Virtual tables
10
W
Well-formed XML
344–346
WHERE clause
complex predicates for
97–98
correlated subqueries
140–142, 165
logical operators for
88–90
negation
90–91
operator prececdence
91–92
primary key expressions
96–97
relationship operators for
86–88
set functions in
167
simple predicates for
97
table constructors
124
uncorrelated subqueries
125–130
WHILE
296
Window functions
seeWindowing
Windowing
CUME_DIST
191
NTILE
194
ordering partitions
179–184
partitions
178–179
PERCENT_RANK
189
PERCENTILE_CONT
194–196
PERCENTILE_DISC
194–196
ROW_NUMBER
189
versus grouping
190–191
X
XML
data structure
340–342
data type
358–361
declarations
344
document structure
343–346
prologs
344
schemas
346–347
well-formed
344–345
XML functions
XMLCOMMENT
348–349
XMLCONCAT
355–358
XMLELEMENT
350–351
XMLFOREST
351–355
XMLPARSE
349
XMLROOT
349–350
XMLSERIALIZE
361
..................Content has been hidden....................

You can't read the all page of ebook, please click here login for view all page.
Reset
3.140.197.10