- Copyright
- About the Author
- Acknowledgments
- We Want to Hear from You!
- Introduction
- At a Glance
- At a Glance
- Querying Data
- Joins and Indexes
- Operators and Functions in MySQL
- Using PHP
- Using the Perl DBI
- Using the C API
- C and MySQL
- When to Use C, and When Not To
- Datatypes
- Compiling and Linking
- Connecting to Your Database
- Disconnecting from a Database
- Handling Errors
- A Simple Connection Script
- Running Queries That Return a Resultset
- A Simple Query Program
- Handling Resultsets
- Queries That Return No Resultset
- Summary
- Q&A
- Workshop
- Security
- At a Glance
- Appendices
- Data Type Reference
- SQL Reference
- ALTER [IGNORE] TABLE table_name action_list
- ANALYZE TABLE table_name[,table_name...]
- BACKUP TABLE table_name[,table_name...] TO '/backup/directory'
- BEGIN
- CHECK TABLE table_name[,table_name,...] [options]
- COMMIT
- CREATE DATABASE [IF NOT EXISTS] database_name
- CREATE [AGGREGATE] FUNCTION function_nameRETURNS {STRING|REAL|INTEGER} SONAME shared_library_name
- CREATE [UNIQUE|FULLTEXT] INDEX index_nameON table_name (column_list)
- CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE[IF NOT EXISTS] table_name[(create_definition,...)][table_options] [select_statement]
- CROSS JOIN
- DELETE
- DESCRIBE table_name [column_name]
- DESC
- DROP DATABASE [IF EXISTS] database_name
- DROP FUNCTION function_name
- DROP INDEX index_name ON table_name
- DROP TABLE [IF EXISTS] table_name[,table_name...]
- EXPLAIN SELECT select_statement
- EXPLAIN table_name
- FLUSH flush_option[,flush_option...]
- GRANT
- HANDLER
- INNER JOIN
- INSERT
- KILL thread_id
- LEFT JOIN
- LEFT OUTER JOIN
- LOAD DATA INFILE
- LOCK TABLES
- NATURAL JOIN
- NATURAL LEFT JOIN
- NATURAL LEFT OUTER JOIN
- NATURAL RIGHT JOIN
- NATURAL RIGHT OUTER JOIN
- OPTIMIZE TABLE table_name[,table_name...]
- RENAME TABLE table_name TO new_table_name[, table_name2 TO new_table_name2 ...]
- REPAIR TABLE table_name[,table_name,...] [options]
- REPLACE
- RESTORE TABLE table_name[,table_name...] FROM '/backup/directory'
- REVOKE privileges [(column_list)][,privileges [(column_list)]...]ON {database_name.table_name}FROM username@hostname
- RIGHT JOIN
- RIGHT OUTER JOIN
- ROLLBACK
- SELECT
- SET [OPTION] option=value,...
- SHOW keyword parameters
- TRUNCATE TABLE table_name
- UNION
- UNLOCK TABLES
- UPDATE
- USE database_name
- Function and Operator Reference
- &, Bitwise AND
- &&, Logical AND
- |, Bitwise OR
- ||, Logical OR
- x<<n, Bitwise Left-Shift
- x>>n, Bitwise Right-Shift
- ~, Bitwise Inversion
- !, Not
- +, Addition
- -, Subtraction
- *, Multiplication
- /, Division
- %, Modulo
- -, Unary Minus
- =, Equals
- <=>, NULL-Safe Equals
- <>, Not Equal To
- >, Greater Than
- >=, Greater Than or Equal To
- <, Less Than
- <=, Less Than or Equal To
- ABS(x)
- ACOS(x)
- ADDDATE(date,INTERVAL expression type)
- AES_DECRYPT(string,key)
- AES_ENCRYPT(encrypted_string,key)
- AND, Logical
- ASCII(string)
- ASIN(x)
- ATAN(x)
- ATAN(x,y)
- ATAN2(x,y)
- AVG(expression)
- BENCHMARK(count,expression)
- expression BETWEEN min AND max
- BIN(n)
- BINARY
- BIT_AND(expression)
- BIT_COUNT(expression)
- BIT_OR(expression)
- CASE
- CEILING(x)
- CHAR(n1[,n2...])
- CHAR_LENGTH(string)
- CHARACTER_LENGTH(string)
- COALESCE(value[,...])
- CONCAT(string1[,string2,...])
- CONCAT_WS(separator,string1[,string2,...])
- CONNECTION_ID()
- CONV(n,base1,base2)
- COS(x)
- COT(x)
- COUNT(expression)
- COUNT(DISTINCT expression[,expression...])
- CURDATE()
- CURRENT_DATE
- CURRENT_TIME
- CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
- CURTIME()
- DATABASE()
- DATE_ADD(date,INTERVAL expression type)
- DATE_FORMAT(date,format)
- DATE_SUB(date,INTERVAL expression type)
- DAYNAME()
- DAYOFMONTH(date)
- DAYOFWEEK(date)
- DAYOFYEAR()
- DECODE(encoded_string,password)
- DEGREES(x)
- DES_DECRYPT(encrypted_string [, key_string])
- DES_ENCRYPT(string [, (key_number | key_string)])
- ELT(n,string1[,string2,string3...])
- ENCODE(string,password)
- ENCRYPT(string[,salt])
- EXP(x)
- EXPORT_SET(bits,on_str,off_str[,separator][,num_bits])
- EXTRACT(type FROM date)
- FIELD(string,string1[,string2,string3...])
- FIND_IN_SET(string,string_set)
- FLOOR(x)
- FORMAT(x,d)
- FROM_DAYS(num)
- FROM_UNIXTIME(unix_timestamp[,format])
- GET_LOCK(string,timeout)
- GREATEST(x1,x2[,...])
- HEX(n)
- HOUR(time)
- IF(test_expression,expression_true,expression_false)
- IFNULL(expression1,expression2)
- expression IN (value[,...])
- INET_ATON(expression)
- INET_NTOA(expression)
- INSERT(string,position,length,substr)
- INSTR(string,substr)
- INTERVAL(x,n0,n1[,n2,...])
- expression IS NOT NULL
- expression IS NULL
- ISNULL(expression)
- LAST_INSERT_ID([expression])
- LCASE(string)
- LEAST(x1,x2[,...])
- LEFT(string,length)
- LENGTH(string)
- string LIKE pattern [ESCAPE escape_character]
- LOAD_FILE(filename)
- LOCATE(substr,string[,position])
- LOG()
- LOG10(x)
- LOWER()
- LTRIM(string)
- MAKE_SET(bits,string1[,string2...])
- MASTER_POS_WAIT(log_name,log_pos)
- MATCH (column1[,column2,...] AGAINST (string)
- MAX(expression)
- MD5(string)
- MID(string,position,length)
- MIN(expression)
- MINUTE(time)
- MOD(n,m)
- MONTH()
- MONTHNAME()
- NOT IN
- string NOT LIKE pattern [ESCAPE escape_character]
- string NOT REGEXP pattern
- string NOT RLIKE pattern
- NOT
- NOW()
- NULLIF(expression1,expression2)
- OCT(n)
- OCTET_LENGTH(string)
- OR
- ORD()
- PASSWORD(string)
- PERIOD_ADD(period,months)
- PERIOD_DIFF(period1,period2)
- PI()
- POSITION(substr IN string)
- POW()
- POWER(x,y)
- QUARTER()
- RADIANS(x)
- RAND([n])
- string REGEXP pattern
- RELEASE_LOCK(string)
- REPEAT(string,count)
- REPLACE(string,from_string,to_string)
- REVERSE(string)
- RIGHT(string,length)
- string RLIKE pattern
- ROUND(x)
- ROUND(x,d)
- RPAD()
- RTRIM()
- SEC_TO_TIME(seconds)
- SECOND()
- SESSION_USER()
- SHA(string)
- SIGN(x)
- SIN()
- SOUNDEX(string)
- SPACE(length)
- SQRT(x)
- STD(expression)
- STDDEV()
- STRCMP(string1,string2)
- SUBDATE(date,INTERVAL expression type)
- SUBSTRING(string,delimiter,count)
- SUBSTRING_INDEX(string,delimiter,count)
- SUM(expression)
- SYSDATE()
- SYSTEM_USER()
- TAN()
- TIME_FORMAT(time)
- TIME_TO_SEC(time)
- TO_DAYS(date)
- TRIM([[LEADING|TRAILING|BOTH] [substring] FROM] string)
- TRUNCATE(x,d)
- UCASE(string)
- UNIX_TIMESTAMP([date])
- UPPER(string)
- USER()
- VERSION()
- WEEK(date[,first])
- WEEKDAY(date)
- YEAR(date)
- YEARWEEK(date[,first])
- The PHP API
- mysql_affected_rows([link_identifier])
- mysql_close([link_identifier])
- mysql_connect([server[,username[,password[,new_link]]]])
- mysql_create_db(database_name[,link_identifier])
- mysql_data_seek(result,row_number)
- mysql_db_name(result,offset[,field])
- mysql_db_query(database_name,query[,link_identifier][,result mode])
- mysql_drop_db(database_name[,link_identifier])
- mysql_errno([link_identifier])
- mysql_error([link_identifier])
- mysql_escape_string(raw_string)
- mysql_fetch_array(result)
- mysql_fetch_assoc(result)
- mysql_fetch_field(result,[offset])
- mysql_fetch_lengths(result)
- mysql_fetch_object(result)
- mysql_fetch_row(result)
- mysql_field_flags(result,offset)
- mysql_field_len(result,offset)
- mysql_field_name(result,offset)
- mysql_field_seek(result,offset)
- mysql_field_table(result,offset)
- mysql_field_type(result,offset)
- mysql_free_result(result)
- mysql_get_client_info()
- mysql_get_host_info([link_identifier])
- mysql_get_proto_info([link_identifier])
- mysql_get_server_info([link_identifier])
- mysql_insert_id([link_identifier])
- mysql_list_dbs([link_identifier])
- mysql_list_fields(database_name,table_name[,link_identifier])
- mysql_list_tables(database_name,[,link_identifier])
- mysql_num_fields(result)
- mysql_num_rows(result)
- mysql_pconnect([server[,username[,password]]])
- mysql_query(query[,link_identifier][,result_mode])
- mysql_real_escape_string(raw_string[,link_identifier])
- mysql_result(result,row_offset[,field])
- mysql_select_db(database_name[,link_identifier])
- mysql_tablename(result,offset)
- mysql_unbuffered_query(query[,link_identifier][,result_mode])
- Index
C and MySQL
If you're using C to write MySQL database applications, you will need the C API to communicate with the MySQL server. Like all APIs, it is the lowest common denominator for passing instructions and information between your application and a MySQL database.
The C API is distributed with MySQL. Unlike other languages, such as Perl with its DBI, there is no need to download or install it separately.
The administrative clients that come with MySQL, such as the mysql client program, are written in C and based on this API. If you installed MySQL from source, you may be interested to look at the C code of these programs, which you'll find in your MySQL source directory, in mysql-VERSION/client.
With the advent of MySQL version 4, it is now possible to embed MySQL into a C application. Although today's lesson shows you how to build a C application that uses the API to talk to MySQL, in Day 20, “Embedding the MySQL Server,” you will learn how to create an application that embeds an entire MySQL server into your C program.
Note
In today's lesson, I will refer frequently to NULL. Note that this means a C NULL pointer rather than a NULL value in a MySQL table.
In addition, note that the terms column and field are synonymous. Many of the API's functions include the word field, which makes it easier to refer to a field than a column, even though the meaning is the same.
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