Table of Contents

Cover image

Title page

Copyright page

Introduction

Preamplifiers and related matters

1: Advanced preamplifier design

Audio circuitry

Level detection circuitry

Noise gate

2: High-performance preamplifier

Disc input stage

Construction

3: Precision preamplifier

Architecture

Subsonic filter

High-impedance buffer

Tone-control stage

Active gain-control stage

Power supply

Construction

4: Design of moving-coil head amplifiers

Design problems

A new approach

The final circuit

Comparing performance parameters

Practice

5: Precision preamplifier ’96, Part I

The evolution of preamplifiers

Design philosophy

The preamp gain structure

Disc input

Moving-coil input criteria

The moving-magnet input stage

In search of accurate RIAA

Noise considerations

Circuit details

6: Precision preamplifier ’96, Part II

Line input criteria

Line input buffering

Controlling tone

Bass and treble

Turnover

Active gain stage

Output muting and relay control

DC blocking and additional details

Supplying power

Choosing the right op-amps

The performance

The preamplifier in perspective

7: Overload matters

8: A balanced view, Part I

Electronic versus transformer balancing

Balancing basics

Electrical noise

Line outputs

9: A balanced view, Part II

Balanced input technologies

Input/output combinations

Wiring philosophies

10: High-quality compressor/limiter

Components list

11: Inside mixers

Microphone inputs

Equalisation

Auxiliary sends: foldback and effects

Panpot

Summing

Solid-state switching

Performance factors

Appendix the technique of multitrack recording

12: Electronic analogue switching, Part I: CMOS gates

Electronic switching

Part 1: analogue gates

CMOS gates in voltage mode

CMOS gates in current mode

Series-shunt current mode

Control voltage feedthrough in CMOS gates

13: Electronic analogue switching, Part II: discrete FETs

Discrete FET switching

Discrete FETs in voltage mode: the series JFET switch

The shunt JFET switch

Discrete FETs in current mode

Soft changeover circuit

Control voltage feedthrough in JFETs

Power Amplifiers

14: Sound mosfet design

Design fundamentals

Determining performance

Reducing costs

Reducing distortion

15: FETs versus BJTs: the linearity competition

Class A stage

16: Distortion in power amplifiers, Part I: the sources of distortion

How an amplifier (really) works

The seven distortions

The performance

Determining open-loop linearity

Direct open-loop gain measurement

Model amplifiers

17: Distortion in power amplifiers, Part II: the input stage

Vive la differential

Input stage in isolation

Input stage balance

The joy of current mirrors

Improving linearity

Other considerations

18: Distortion in power amplifiers, Part III: the voltage-amplifier stage

Examining the mechanism

Stage distortion

Voltage stage enhancements

Benefits of voltage drive

Balanced voltage amplifier stage

Open loop bandwidth

19: Distortion in power amplifiers, Part IV: the power amplifier stages

The class war

Distortions of the output

The emitter follower output

Complementary feedback output

Quasicomplementary outputs

Triples

Power FET outputs

20: Distortion in power amplifiers, Part V: output stages

Large-signal distortion

Improving large signal linearity

Crossover distortion

Switching distortion

Selecting an output stage

Closing the loop

Conclusions

21: Distortion in power amplifiers, Part VI: the remaining distortions

Distortion 3: quiescent current control

Emitter follower outputs

The CFP output

Distortion 4: nonlinear loading of the voltage amplifier stage by the nonlinear impedance of the output stage

Distortion 5: supply ground loops

Power supply rejection

Distortion 6: induced output current coupling

Distortion 7: nonlinearity from incorrect NFB connection point

22: Distortion in power amplifiers, Part VII: frequency compensation and real designs

Making a pole dominant

Including the output stage

Nested feedback loops

Two pole compensation

Design example: a 50 W class B amplifier

Quiescent current stability

Output stage

23: Distortion in power amplifiers, Part VIII: Class A amplifiers

The art of compromise

The class A output stage

Quiescent control systems

A new class A design

Performance

And finally

24: Power amplifier input currents and their troubles

Conclusions

25: Diagnosing distortions

Making distortion measurements

Two technical challenges

Crossover distortion

Classes B and AB

Large-signal non-linearity

Other distortions

Diagnosis

26: Trimodal audio power, Part I

The power and the glory

Health and efficiency

Improving noise performance

27: Trimodal audio power, Part II

Test mode

Thermal design

The complete circuit

Performance

28: Load-invariant audio power

Output loading and distortion

The load-invariant concept

Large signal nonlinearity

Doubled output devices

Better output devices

Feeding forward

The trouble with triples

Loads below 4 Ω

Improved 8 Ω performance

Implementing the load-invariant concept

A point of departure

In summary

29: Common-emitter power amplifiers: a different perception?

Topology to the test

Adding Spice to the investigation

Squaring the circle

30: Few compliments for non-complements

An alternative architecture

Fewer stages, more complexity?

Devices and desires

Output considerations

31: Loudspeaker undercurrents

Speaker model

Simulating the effects

And with multiple speakers?

32: Class distinction

Class structure

Combinations of classes

Parallel or series connection

Series connection category

In summary

33: Muting relays

Protection circuit operation

Relay-on timing

Off timing criteria

AC loss detection

Preamp enhancement

Other relay functions

Power amplifier relay control

Efficiency circuit

34: Cool audio power

The mathematical approach

Simulating dissipation

Power-partition diagrams

Effects of increased bias

Class-B and reactive loads

35: Audio power analysis

The probability density function

The cumulative distribution function

Some probability density functions

Measuring probability density functions

Probability density functions via DSP

Deriving actual power

Reactive loads

In summary

Index

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