Chapter 7
Running and Managing Programs

Throughout this book, you’ve run various commands one at a time or in a pipeline, but there are more advanced ways to run commands you should know. In this chapter, you’ll explore some additional ways to run commands and programs. You’ll chain separate commands together, run long-running commands in the background, and even suspend a program temporarily so you can do something else. You’ll also look at how to manage the processes running on your computer and terminate programs that don’t respond, and you’ll explore subshells and command substitution.

Let’s start by looking at a few ways to issue and reuse commands.