88 Software teSting interview QueStionS
(B) What are all the proCess areas and goals and
praCtiCes?
or
(a) Can yoU explain all the proCess areas?
Note: No one is going to ask such a question, but they would like to know at
least the purpose of each KPA. Second, they would like to know what you did to
attain compatibility in these process areas. For instance, you say that you did an
organizational process. They would like to know how you did it. You can justify
it by saying that you made standard documents for coding standards which was
then followed at the organization level for reference. Normally everyone follows
a process; only they do not realize it. So try to map the KPA to the process that
you followed.
Each process area is defined by a set of goals and practices. There are two
categories of goals and practices: generic and specific. Generic goals and
practices are a part of every process area. Specific goals and practices are
specific to a given process area. A process area is satisfied when company
processes cover all of the generic and specific goals and practices for that
process area.
Generic goals and practices are a part of every process area. They include
the following:
GG 1 Achieve Specific Goals
GP 1.1 Perform Base Practices
GG 2 Institutionalize a Managed Process
GP 2.1 Establish an Organizational Policy
GP 2.2 Plan the Process
GP 2.3 Provide Resources
GP 2.4 Assign Responsibility
GP 2.5 Train People
GP 2.6 Manage Configurations
GP 2.7 Identify and Involve Relevant Stakeholders
GP 2.8 Monitor and Control the Process
GP 2.9 Objectively Evaluate Adherence
CMMi 89
GP 2.10 Review Status with Higher Level Management
GG 3 Institutionalize a Defined Process
GP 3.1 Establish a Defined Process
GP 3.2 Collect Improvement Information
GG 4 Institutionalize a Quantitatively Managed Process
GP 4.1 Establish Quantitative Objectives for the Process
GP 4.2 Stabilize Sub process Performance
GG 5 Institutionalize an Optimizing Process
GP 5.1 Ensure Continuous Process Improvement
GP 5.2 Correct Root Causes of Problems
Process Areas
The CMMI contains 25 key process areas indicating the aspects of product
development that are to be covered by company processes.
Causal Analysis and Resolution (CAR)
A support process area at Maturity Level 5.
Purpose
The purpose of Causal Analysis and Resolution (CAR) is to identify causes of
defects and other problems and take action to prevent them from occurring
in the future.
Specific Practices by Goal
SG 1 Determine Causes of Defects
SP 1.1-1 Select Defect Data for Analysis
SP 1.2-1 Analyze Causes
SG 2 Address Causes of Defects
SP 2.1-1 Implement the Action Proposals
SP 2.2-1 Evaluate the Effect of Changes
SP 2.3-1 Record Data
Configuration Management (CM)
A support process area at Maturity Level 2.
90 Software teSting interview QueStionS
Purpose
The purpose of Configuration Management (CM) is to establish and maintain
the integrity of work products using configuration identification, configuration
control, configuration status accounting, and configuration audits.
Specific Practices by Goal
SG 1 Establish Baselines
SP 1.1-1 Identify Configuration Items
SP 1.2-1 Establish a Configuration Management System
SP 1.3-1 Create or Release Baselines
SG 2 Track and Control Changes
SP 2.1-1 Track Change Requests
SP 2.2-1 Control Configuration Items
SG 3 Establish Integrity
SP 3.1-1 Establish Configuration Management Records
SP 3.2-1 Perform Configuration Audits
Decision Analysis and Resolution (DAR)
A support process area at Maturity Level 3.
Purpose
The purpose of Decision Analysis and Resolution (DAR) is to analyze
possible decisions using a formal evaluation process that evaluates identified
alternatives against established criteria.
Specific Practices by Goal
SG 1 Evaluate Alternatives
SP 1.1-1 Establish Guidelines for Decision Analysis
SP 1.2-1 Establish Evaluation Criteria
SP 1.3-1 Identify Alternative Solutions
SP 1.4-1 Select Evaluation Methods
SP 1.5-1 Evaluate Alternatives
SP 1.6-1 Select Solutions
Integrated Project Management (IPM)
A Project Management process area at Maturity Level 3.
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Purpose
The purpose of Integrated Project Management (IPM) is to establish and
manage the project and the involvement of the relevant stakeholders according
to an integrated and defined process that is tailored from the organization’s
set of standard processes.
Specific Practices by Goal
SG 1 Use the Project’s Defined Process
SP 1.1-1 Establish the Project’s Defined Process
SP 1.2-1 Use Organizational Process Assets for Planning Project
Activities
SP 1.3-1 Integrate Plans
SP 1.4-1 Manage the Project Using the Integrated Plans
SP 1.5-1 Contribute to the Organizational Process Assets
SG 2 Coordinate and Collaborate with Relevant Stakeholders
SP 2.1-1 Manage Stakeholder Involvement
SP 2.2-1 Manage Dependencies
SP 2.3-1 Resolve Coordination Issues
SG 3 Use the Project’s Shared Vision for IPPD
SP 3.1-1 Define a Project’s Shared Vision for IPPD
SP 3.2-1 Establish the Project’s Shared Vision
SG 4 Organize Integrated Teams for IPPD
SP 4.1-1 Determine Integrated Team Structure for the Project
SP 4.2-1 Develop a Preliminary Distribution of Requirements to
Integrated Teams
SP 4.3-1 Establish Integrated Teams
Integrated Supplier Management (ISM)
A project management process area at Maturity Level 3.
Purpose
The purpose of Integrated Supplier Management (ISM) is to proactively identify
sources of products that may be used to satisfy the project’s requirements and
to manage selected suppliers while maintaining a cooperative project-supplier
relationship.
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Specific Practices by Goal
SG 1 Analyze and Select Sources of Products
SP 1.1-1 Analyze Potential Sources of Products
SP 1.2-1 Evaluate and Determine Sources of Products
SG 2 Coordinate Work with Suppliers
SP 2.1-1 Monitor Selected Supplier Processes
SP 2.2-1 Evaluate Selected Supplier Work Products
SP 2.3-1 Revise the Supplier Agreement or Relationship
Integrated Teaming (IT)
A Project Management process area at Maturity Level 3.
Purpose
The purpose of Integrated Teaming (IT) is to form and sustain an integrated
team for the development of work products.
Specific Practices by Goal
SG 1 Establish Team Composition
SP 1.1-1 Identify Team Tasks
SP 1.2-1 Identify Needed Knowledge and Skills
SP 1.3-1 Assign Appropriate Team Members
SG 2 Govern Team Operation
SP 2.1-1 Establish a Shared Vision
SP 2.2-1 Establish a Team Charter
SP 2.3-1 Define Roles and Responsibilities
SP 2.4-1 Establish Operating Procedures
SP 2.5-1 Collaborate among Interfacing Teams
Measurement and Analysis (MA)
A support process area at Maturity Level 2.
Purpose
The purpose of Measurement and Analysis (MA) is to develop and sustain
a measurement capability that is used to support management information
needs.
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