Index

Abstract thinking, 6

Active voice, 107–108

Ad hominem, 23

Adjective (thinking), 4

Allais, Émile, 47

Amazon, 39

six-page memo. See Six-page memo

specific elements of, 78–79

American Character: A History of the Epic Struggle Between Individual Liberty and the Common Good, 33

American Customer Satisfaction Index, 77

Amundsen, Roald, 30–31

Analytical thinking, 6

Anchoring bias, 18

Anderson, Steven, 43

Appeal to authority. See Ethos

Appeal to emotion. See Pathos

Appeal to logic. See Logos

Arden, Paul, 45

Argumentative appeals, 81

Arnett, Jeffrey Jensen, 124

Arrends, Brett, 91

Arum, Richard, 8

Availability heuristic, 18

Bandwagon effect, 18

Beaufre, Andre, 37

Begging the claim, 23

Bernanke, Ben

economic outlook and monetary policy by, 90–91

Bezos, Jeff, 39–40

2018 letter to shareholders, 77–79

six-page memo, 73

BHAG. See Big Hairy Audacious Goal

Big Hairy Audacious Goal (BHAG), 57–58

Bixby letter, 91–92

Blank rubrics, 102

Blind-spot bias, 18

Bloomberg, Michael, 41

Blue Ocean Strategy versus Red Ocean Strategies, 64–65

Boitnott, John, 115–116

Botelho, Elena Lytkina, 44

Brainstorming, 58–59

prioritize results of, 59

Carson, Shelley H., 45

Choice-support bias, 18

Circular argument, 23

Clustering illusion, 19

Cognitive biases, 17–26

versus fallacy, mental models and, 26–28

Collins, James, 57

Concrete thinking, 6

Confirmation bias, 19

Conservatism bias, 19

Consumer-to-consumer opinions, 118

Convergent thinking, 6–7

Creative thinking, 7

Creativity, 45

implemented in brain, 46

Critical thinking, 7

note on, 8–10

Critique versus criticism, note on, 101–102

Customer Satisfaction Index, 78

Customer service, 118

Deductive reasoning, 89

Desmarais, Michael, 9

Divergent thinking, 7

Duckworth, Angela, 121

Dyer, Jeff, 43

The Economist, 1

Edison, Thomas, 2–3

80/20 rule, 42

Either/or conclusion, 24

Elder, Linda, 9

The Elements of Style, 107

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 42

Ethos, 76

writing strategies, 82–84

Exercise

360 Degrees, 31–35

connecting nine dots, 13–15

ethos, pathos and logos, 94–96

How Good Do You Want to Be?, 69

milkshake, 51–52

Fallacies, 23–25

versus bias, mental models and, 26–28

First-rate intelligence, 31

Fluff, 108–109

Focusing illusion, 120–126

Fosbury, Dick, 47

Fosbury Flop, 47

French Skiing Federation, 47

Gardner, John, 123

Goals, 55

Big Hairy Audacious Goal, 57–58

long-term and short-term, 56

SMART goals, 57

stretch goals, 57

Goldman, Ellen F., 37

Grammar tips, 107–110

Greek-style yogurt, 29

Gregersen, Hal, 43

Grit, power of, 121

Grove, Andy, 75

Hamdi Ulukaya, 28–29

Hamermesh, Daniel, 120

Hasty generalization conclusion, 24

High jump, 46–47

Hill, Napoleon, 43

Holistic (nonlinear) thinking, 7

Human race, 41

Hygiene factors, 123

Hyperbole, 108

Ilie, Livia, 116

The Impact of Time Approach, 74

Information bias, 19

Inherit the Wind, 17

INSEAD Blue Ocean Strategy Institute, 64

Intel, 75

The Journal of Strategy and Management, 37

Kahneman, Daniel, 18, 27

Kapler, Brian, 45

Key Performance Indicator (KPI), 116

Killy, Jean-Claude, 47–48

Kim, W. Chan, 27, 64

King, Martin Luther, 86

Knowledge, categories of, 11

Knowledge check

cognitive biases, 22–23

critical thinking, 10

fallacies, 25–26

thinking, 5–6

KPI. See Key Performance Indicator

Krishnamurti, Jiddu, 48–50

Land degradation-neutral world, 114

Law of the instrument, mental model, 27

LeWitt, Sol, 92–93

Logos, 76

writing strategies, 88–93

Long-term goals, 56

Manufacturing, 113

Marine pollution, 114

Maslow, Abraham, 27

Mauborgne, Renée, 27, 64

McKinsey Global Institute, 117

Mencken, H. L., 41

Mental models, 27

Mikhail, Nader, 117

Minnesota Department of Health, 55

Moral equivalence, 24

Motivation, 123

Nagengast, Judy, 9

Narrative, power of, 76–77

National Football League (NFL), 50

Needleman, Sarah E., 9

Nouns (thinking), 4

and verbs, 109

Obama, Barack

democratic presidential candidate acceptance speech by, 83–84

night before the election speech Manassas, 86–88

Potomac primary night speech, 84

Ostrich effect, 19

Outcome bias, 19

Overconfidence, 19

Pareto, Vilfredo, 42

Passive voice, 107–108

Pathos, 77

writing strategies, 84–88

Pederson, Doug, 50

Picasso, Pablo Ruiz, 44

Placebo effect, 20

Porras, Jerry, 57

Post hoc ergo propter hoc conclusion, 24

Powell, Colin, 42–43

Pro-innovation bias, 20

Profile in strategy

20 miles a day, 30–31

Blue Ocean Strategy of Starbucks, 68

Chobani, 28–29

Doug Pederson, 50

Ridley Scott, 94

The Psychology of Science, 27

Qualifiers, 109

Question and Answer Approach, 75

Reagan, Ronald, 87

Recency, 20

Red herring, 24–25

Red Ocean Strategies versus Blue Ocean Strategy, 64–65

Red Ocean Traps, 27

Reflection, role of, 75–76

Robinson, Ken, 45

Rubric, assessment, 97

evidence (20 points), 99

organization (10 points), 99–100

paper focus/introduction (20 points), 98

strategic writing (30 points), 98–99

timeline and length (10 points), 100–101

writing style (10 points), 100

Salience, 20

Scissor kick technique, 47

Scott, Robert Falcon, 30–31

SDGs. See Sustainable Development Goals

Selective perception, 20

Self-awareness

role of, 75–76

Self-awareness check

cognitive biases, 21–22

critical thinking, 10

mental models, 28

thinking, 5

Sequential (linear) thinking, 7

Short-term goals, 56

Six-page memo

Jeff Bezos’ 2018 letter to shareholders, 77–79

power of narrative, 76–77

reason for, 73–74

reflection and self-awareness, role of, 75–76

structure of, 74–75

Slippery slope conclusion, 25

Small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), 113

SMART goals, 57

SMEs. See Small-and medium-sized enterprises

Smithson, Michael, 39

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-bound. See SMART goals

SPOT. See Strategic Planning Outline Template

Starbucks, 65

Blue Ocean Strategy of, 68

Stereotyping, 20

Strategic business writing, 17–18

assessment rubric, 97

evidence (20 points), 99

organization (10 points), 99–100

paper focus/introduction (20 points), 98

strategic writing (30 points), 98–99

timeline and length (10 points), 100–101

writing style (10 points), 100

critique versus criticism, note on, 101–102

grammar tips, 107–110

process, 103–106

timeline templates, 106–107

Strategic Planning Outline Template (SPOT), 63

Strategic thinkers

canvas, 66–67

traits of, 38–44

Strategic thinking

ending thought, 48–50

introduction, 37–38

need to think differently, 44–48

process of

business, strategies and tactics in, 61–62

canvas, 66–67

goals, 55–58

profile in strategy, 68

starting point, 53–55

Strategic Planning Outline Template, 63

strategies, 58–60

tactics, 60–61

thinking exercise, 69

understanding blue versus red ocean strategies, 64–65

profile in strategy, 50

thinking exercise, 51–52

top 15 traits of strategic thinkers, 38–44

Strategic writing topics

focusing illusion and your college major, 120–126

introduction, 111–112

Sustainable Development Goals, 112–115

top 10 business issues, 115–119

Strategies

in business, 61–62

three-step process, 58–60

Straw man, 25

Stretch goals, 57

Strunk, William, 107

Survivorship bias, 20

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 112–115

Tactics, 60–61

in business, 61–62

Tanner, Jennifer Lynn, 124

Thinking

components of

mental models and difference between bias and fallacy, 26–28

profile in strategy, 28–31

thinking exercise, 31–35

top 20 cognitive biases, 17–26

critical, 8–10

definition of, 1–6

exercise, 12–15

types of, 6–8

understanding how you, 11–12

Thinking, Fast and Slow, 27–28

Thought, definition of, 49

Time, 107

Timeline templates, 106–107

20-miles-a-day strategy, 30

components, 30–31

Tversky, Amos, 18

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 55

Verb (think), 4

Wall Street Journal, 8

Walsch, Janet, 86–87

Watermark, 106

Whatever You Think, Think the Opposite, 45

Woodward, Colin, 33

Writing

strategic business, process of. See Strategic business writing, process

strategies

ethos, 82–84

introduction, 81–82

logos, 88–93

pathos, 84–88

profile in strategy, 94

thinking exercise, 94–96

Yoga, 11

Zero hunger, 112

Zero-risk bias, 20–21