Notes and Resources
Introduction
1. Natural Products Insider, “Nielsen Integrating NMI’s LOHAS Model,” February 26, 2008, http://www.naturalproductsinsider.com/news/2008/02/nielsen-integrating-nmis-lohas-model.aspx.
2. Grocery Manufacturers Association and Deloitte, Finding the Green in Today’s Shoppers: Sustainability Trends and New Shopper Insights, 2009, www.gmabrands.com/publications/greenshopper09.pdf.
3. John Hechinger and Joseph Pereira, “Socially Conscious Investors Fear Ben & Jerry’s Could Lose Its Flavor,” Wall Street Journal, February 4, 2000.
4. Gasoline Alley Foundation, http://www.gasolinealleyfoundation.org.
5. Green Seal, “82 Percent of Consumers Buying Green Despite Battered Economy,” 2009, www.greenseal.org/resources/green_buying_research.cfm.
6. Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability Online, “LOHAS Background,” http://www.lohas.com/about.html.
7. David B. Montgomery and Catherine A. Ramus, “Corporate Social Responsibility Reputation Effects on MBA Job Choice” (research paper 1805, Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, 2003).
8. Net Impact, http://www.netimpact.org.
9. Office of Management and Budget, “Memorandum for Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies: Federal Participation in the Development and Use of Voluntary Consensus Standards and in Conformity Assessment Activities,” Circular No. A-119, rev. February 10, 1998, http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/rewrite/circulars/a119/a119.html.
10. Social Investment Forum Foundation, “2007 Report on Socially Responsible Investing Trends in the United States,” 2007, http://www.socialinvest.org/resources/pubs/.
11. Investors’ Circle, http://www.investorscircle.net.
12. United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative, “Demystifying Responsible Investment Performance,” October 2007, http://www.unepfi.org/fileadmin/documents/Demystifying_Responsible_Investment_Performance_01.pdf.
13. Sristudies.org, “Key Studies,” http://www.sristudies.org/Key+Studies, and “Bibliography,” http://www.sristudies.org/Bibliography.
14. KLD Indexes, “KLD Reports December 2008 Index Returns,” press release, January 8, 2009, http://www.kld.com/newsletter/archive/press/pdf/200901_Index_Performance.pdf.
15. Trish Hall, “How Youths Rallied to Dolphins’ Cause,” New York Times, April 18, 1990, www.nytimes.com/1990/04/18/garden/how-youths-rallied-to-dolphins-cause.html?page wanted=all.
16. Matthew L. Wald, “Earth Day at 20: How Green the Globe? A Special Report: Guarding Environment—A World of Challenges,” New York Times, April 22, 1990.
Chapter 1
1. Gary Hirshberg, interview by David, November 5, 2009.
2. Horst Rechelbacher, interview by David, October 21, 2009.
3. Paulette Mae Cole, interview by David, November 10, 2009.
4. Greg Steltonpohl, interview by Joe, December 5, 2009.
5. Ibid.
6. Gary Hirshberg, interview by David, November 5, 2009.
7. Horst Rechelbacher, interview by David, October 21, 2009.
8. Brent Baker, interview by David, November 10, 2009.
9. Greg Steltonpohl, interview by Joe, December 5, 2009.
10. Abraham Maslow, “A Theory of Human Motivation,”Psychological Review 50, no. 4 (1943): 370–396.
Chapter 2
1. SurveyMonkey, http://www.surveymonkey.com.
2. Zoomerang, http://www.zoomerang.com.
3. Federal Trade Commission, Bureau of Consumer Protection, “Guides for the Use of Environmental Marketing Claims,” www.ftc.gov/bcp/grnrule/guides980427.htm.
4. F. J. Roethlisberger and William J. Dickson, Management and the Worker: An Account of a Research Program Conducted by the Western Electric Company, Hawthorne Works, Chicago (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1939).
5. Horst Rechelbacher, interview by David, October 21, 2009.
6. The following states have privilege or immunity laws or self-disclosure policies (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5 Enforcement and Compliance, “State Audit Privilege and Immunity Laws & Self-Disclosure Laws and Policies,” http://www.epa.gov/region5/enforcement/audit/stateaudit.html):
Chapter 3
1. Gary Hirshberg, interview by David, November 5, 2009.
2. Blag.biz, “Buddhism for Business,” Bliss & Growth, http://blag.biz/buddhism-for-business.
3. International Organization for Standardization, http://www.iso.org.
4. Ontario Centre for Environmental Technology Advancement, “Environmental Management System Software,” http://www.oceta.on.ca/profiles/greenware/greenwr.htm.
5. Environment International Limited, “Q & A: Environmental Management Systems and ISO 14000,” http://www.eiltd.net/services/isoqa.shtml.
6. International Institute for Sustainable Development, Global Green Standards: ISO 14000 and Sustainable Development (Winnipeg, Manitoba: International Institute for Sustainable Development, 1996), http://www.iisd.org/pdf/globlgrn.pdf.
7. CERES, “CERES Principles,” http://www.ceres.org/Page.aspx?pid=416.
8. Mindy Lubber, interview by David, April 6, 2010.
9. CERES. “The 21st Century Corporation: The CERES Roadmap for Sustainability,” http://www.ceres.org/Page.aspx?pid=1211.
10. Horst Rechelbacher, interview by David, October 21, 2009.
11. Ibid.
12. Gary Hirshberg, interview by David, November 5, 2009.
13. The Natural Step, http://www.naturalstep.org.
14. The Natural Step, “Principles of Sustainability,” http://www.naturalstep.org.
15. Global Reporting Initiative, http://www.globalreporting.org.
16. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Materials Management & Human Health: Assessments & Performance Measures,” http://www.epa.gov/sustainability/materials_assessments.htm.
17. Social Venture Network. “Standards of Corporate Social Responsibility.” 1999, http://www.svn.org/_data/global/images/campaigns/CSR_standards.pdf.
18. Green Seal, http://www.greenseal.org.
Chapter 4
1. Horst Rechelbacher, interview by David, October 21, 2009.
2. Ibid.
3. William McDonough and Michael Braungart, Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things (New York: North Point Press, 2002).
4. Gary Hirshberg, interview by David, November 5, 2009.
5. Horst Rechelbacher, interview by David, October 21, 2009.
6. Jody Wright, interview by David, October 27, 2009.
7. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., “Sustainability Index,” http://walmartstores.com/Sustainability/9292.aspx.
8. Sustainability Consortium, http://www.sustainabilityconsortium.org/.
9. The Life Cycle Initiative, http://www.estis.net/sites/lcinit/.
10. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Life Cycle Assessment,” http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/lcaccess/index.html.
11. National Renewable Energy Laboratory “U.S. Life-Cycle Inventory Database,” http://www.nrel.gov/lci.
12. See http://www.StreetSmartSustainability.com.
Chapter 5
1. Jef Sharp, interview by David, November 11, 2009.
2. Jeffrey Hollander, interview by Joe, December 5, 2009.
3. Following is a partial list of sustainability standard-setting organizations. (A list of other eco-labeling organizations is available at http://www.iatp.org/labels/envcommodities/eco-labels.html.)
Blue Angel (Germany), http://www.blauer-engel.de/en/index.php—huge number of consumer, commercial, and building products and services; the first eco-labeling organization
Eco-Logo, Environmental Choice (Canada), www.terrachoice -certified.com—consumer products
Fair Trade Certified, www.transfairusa.org
Green Seal (U.S.), www.greenseal.org—consumer products
Indoor Environmental Standards Organization, www.iestandards.org
International Standards Organization (ISO), http://www.iso
.org
Japan Environment Association (JEA), http://www.jeas.or.jp/ecomark/english/
LEAF (Labeling Ecologically Approved Fabrics), www.LEAF Certified.org
LEED—U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, http://www.usgbc.org/
Nordic Countries Ecolabeling, http://www.ecolabel.nu/nordic_eco2/welcome/
NSF International (National Sanitation Foundation), http:// www.nsf.org—food, water, dietary supplements, sustainability
Social Accountability International, www.sa-intl.org/— SA8000, global social accountability standard
4. Californians Against Waste, “Extended Producer Responsibility: A Legislative Model,” http://www.cawrecycles.org/issues/epr.
5. Der Grüne Punkt, http://www.gruener-punkt.de/?L=1.
6. William McDonough Architects. “The Hannover Principles: Design for Sustainability,” 1992, http://www.mcdonough.com/principles.pdf. One other source for green design insights is the following report: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Green Products by Design: Choices for a Cleaner Environment (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1992), www.fas.org/ota/reports/9221.pdf.
Chapter 6
1. Forest Stewardship Council, http://www.fscus.org.
2. Old Growth Again, http://www.foreverredwood.com.
3. Bamboo Sun, http://www.bamboosun.com.
4. Solar Living Institute, http://www.solarliving.org.
5. Real Goods, http://www.realgoods.com.
6. Laury Hammel, interview by David, November 4, 2009.
7. Tom Silverman, interview by David, November 19, 2009.
8. Paulette Mae Cole, interview by David, November 10, 2009.
9. Arcosanti, http://www.arcosanti.org.
10. Tom Horton, interview by David, November 6, 2009.
11. Ibid.
12. U.S. Green Building Council, www.usgbc.org.
13. Audubon International, http://www.auduboninternational.org.
14. Institute for Building Biology, http://www.buildingbiology.net.
Chapter 7
1. Everything on earth is powered by sunlight except nuclear, tidal, and geothermal power and the rotation of the earth.
2. To switch to a renewable energy source for the electricity you buy, contact National Grid, www.nationalgridus.com.
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Green Power Partnership: Partner List,” http://www.epa.gov/greenpower/partners/index.htm.
4. DSIRE: Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency, http://www.dsireusa.org.
5. U.S. Energy Information Administration, “Electricity Generation,” http://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/infosheets/electricgeneration.html.
6. Jeffrey Logan and Stan Mark Kaplan, Congressional Research Service, Wind Power in the United States: Technology, Economic, and Policy Issues, June 20, 2008, www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34546.pdf.
7. Aeronautica Windpower, http://www.aeronauticawind.com.
8. Solar Buzz. “Solar Electricity Global Price Benchmark Indices,” June 2010, www.solarbuzz.com/solarindices.htm.
9. Steibel Eltron, “Sol 25 Plus Flat Plate Collector Technical Data,” http://www.stiebel-eltron-usa.com/techdata_sol25.html.
10. Acorn Energy Coop, http://www.acornenergycoop.com.
11. Co-op Power, http://www.cooppower.coop.
12. Lynn Benander, interview by David, April 23, 2010.
13. DSIRE, http://www.dsireusa.org.
14. Yellow Biodiesel, http://www.YellowBiodiesel.com.
15. Zak Zaidman, interview by Joe, December 3, 2009.
16. Gary Hirshberg, interview by David, November 5, 2009.
17. U.S. Department of Energy, “U.S. Geothermal Resource Map,” http://www1.eere.energy.gov/geothermal/printable_versions/geomap.html.
18. Bourke Builders, http://www.bourkebuilders.net, installs geothermal heaters and builds and renovates homes for people with chemical sensitivities.
19. Stacy C. Davis, Susan W. Diegel, and Robert G. Boundy, Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 28, 2009, table 2.12, http://cta.ornl.gov/data/tedb28/Edition28_Full_Doc.pdf (accessed April 16, 2010).
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Laury Hammel, interview by David, November 4, 2009.
23. Energy Star, “Air Seal and Insulate with Energy Star.” http:// www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_sealing.
24. Energy Star, www.energystar.gov.
25. Laury Hammel, interview by David, November 4, 2009.
26. Environmental Research Laboratory, http://ag.arizona.edu/azaqua/erlhome.html.
27. Mal Warwick, interview by David, November 5, 2009.
Chapter 8
1. NSF International and Trucost Plc, Carbon Emissions— Measuring the Risks, 2009, http://www.nsf.org/business/sustainability/SUS_NSF_Trucost_Report.pdf.
2. Climate Counts, http://www.ClimateCounts.org.
3. See, for example, Carbonfund.org, http://www.carbonfund.org, and the Carbon Neutral Company, http://www.carbonneutral.com.
4. Carbon Concierge, http://www.carbonconcierge.com.
5. SocialCarbon, http://www.socialcarbon.org.
6. RainTrust Foundation, http://www.raintrust.org.
7. Cantor Fitzgerald, http://www.cantorco2e.com.
8. Element Markets, http://www.elementmarkets.com.
9. Evolution Markets, http://www.evomarkets.com.
10. Approximately 12% solids x approximately 75% volatile solids (VS) x0.25 m3 biogas/kg VS x50% methane = volume of methane (in liters); 22.4 liters/mole = 16 grams/mole methane, which has a CO2 equivalent of 23 times that of CO2.
11. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Quantifying the Change in Greenhouse Gas Emissions Due to Natural Resource Conservation Practice Application in Indiana, February 2002, http://www.in.nrcs.usda.gov/pdf%20files/Indiana_Final_Report.pdf.
12. Kenneth R. Richards, Robert J. Moulton, and Richard A. Birdsey, “Costs of Creating Carbon Sinks in the U.S.,” Energy Conservation and Management 34, no. 9–11 (September-November 1993): 905–912.
13. Chicago Climate Exchange, http://www.chicagoclimatex.com.
14. Robert Kunzig, “Shading the Earth,” The Big Idea, National Geographic, July 15, 2009, http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/big-idea/01/shading-earth.
15. Hashem Akbari, Surabi Menon, and Arthur Rosenfeld, “Global Cooling: Increasing World-wide Urban Albedos to Offset CO2” Climatic Change 94, no. 3–4 (June 2009): 275–286, http://www.springerlink.com/content/r465853147015k4g/fulltext.pdf.
Chapter 9
1. Gary Hirshberg, interview by David, November 5, 2009.
2. Ibid.
3. Social(k), http://www.socialk.com.
4. Heather White, interview by David, August 21, 2009.
5. Verité, http://www.verite.org.
6. Dean Cycon, interview by David, July 6, 2009.
7. Joseph Whinney and Andy McShea, interview by David and facility tour, July 1, 2009.
8. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., “Walmart Announces Sustainable Product Index,” CSRwire, July 16, 2009, http://www.csrwire.com/press/press_release/27347-Walmart-Announces-Sustain able-Product-Index.
9. Paulette Mae Cole, interview by David, November 10, 2009.
10. Evo, http://www.evostore.info.
11. Evo, “Defining the Total Environmental Impact: Part 1,” http://evostore.info/content/2924/defining_the_total_environ mental_impact_-_part_1.
12. Association of California Water Agencies and California Department of Water Resources, “Save Our Water,” in “Water: Our Thirsty World,” special issue, National Geographic (April 2010).
13. Horst Rechelbacher, interview by David, October 21, 2009.
14. Alan D. Dangour et al., “Nutrition-Related Health Effects of Organic Foods: A Systematic Review,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 92, no. 1 (2010) doi:10.3945/ajcn.2010.29269.
15. Betty K. Ishida and Mary H. Chapman, “A Comparison of Carotenoid Content and Total Antioxidant Activity in Catsup from Several Commercial Sources in the United States,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52, no. 26 (2004), doi:10.1021/jf040154o.
16. Environmental Working Group, “EWG Updates the Pesticide Shopper’s Guide,” EWG.org, March 10, 2009, http://www.ewg.org/newsrelease/EWG-New-Pesticide-Shoppers-Guide.
17. U.S. Department of Agriculture, “National Organic Program,” http://www.ams.usda.gov/nop.
18. See, for example, Institute for Local Self-Reliance, “The Economic Impact of Locally Owned Businesses vs. Chains: A Case Study in Midcoast Maine,” September 2003, http://www.newrules.org/sites/newrules.org/files/midcoaststudy.pdf.
19. Business Alliance for Local Living Economies, http://www.livingeconomies.org.
20. Community Involved in Sustainable Agriculture, http://www.buylocalfood.com.
21. Local Harvest, http://www.localharvest.org/csa/.
22. Lancaster Farm Fresh Cooperative, http://www.lancasterfarmfresh.com.
23. Bon Appétit Management Company, “Bon Appetit Management Company Proves Buying Local Food Is Scalable for Business with Landmark of $55mm in Purchases,” CSRwire, February 6, 2007, http://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/19373-Bon-App-tit-Management-Company-Proves-Buying-Local-Food-is-Scalable-for-Business-with-Land mark-of-55mm-in-Purchases.
24. Judy Wicks, interview by Joe, December 2, 2009.
25. Western States Contracting Alliance, http://www.aboutwsca.org.
26. International Green Purchasing Network, http://www.igpn.org.
27. Green America, http://www.greenamericatoday.org.
Chapter 10
1. Zero Emissions Research and Initiatives, http://www.zeri.org.
2. Green Festival, http://www.greenfestivals.org.
3. John P. Chastain, “Pollution Potential of Livestock Manure,” Minnesota/Wisconsin Engineering Notes (Winter 1995), http:// www.bbe.umn.edu/extens/ennotes/enwin95/manure.html.
4. The Pennsylvania State University, Crop Management Extension Group, The Penn State Agronomy Guide (2010) table 1.2-14, http://agguide.agronomy.psu.edu/cm/pdf/table1-2-14.pdf.
5. Gary Hirshberg, interview by David, November 5, 2009.
6. Josh Goldman, interview by Joe, November 23, 2009.
7. “Standards for the Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge,” Code of Federal Regulations, title 40, part 503, e-CFR, http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&tpl=/ecfrbrowse/ Title40/40cfr503_main_02.tpl (accessed June 22, 2010).
8. Pennsylvania General Assembly, Legislative Budget and Finance Committee, Chesapeake Bay Tributary Strategy Compliance Cost Study (Harrisburg, PA: 2008), www.lbfc.legis.state.pa.us/reports/2008/25.PDF.
9. Red Barn Trading Company, http://www.redbarntrading.com.
10. Universal Remediation Inc., http://www.unireminc.com.
11. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Toxics Release Inventory Program, “EPCRA Section 313 Chemical List for Reporting Year 2006 (Including Toxic Chemical Categories),” 2006, http://www.epa.gov/tri/trichemicals/chemicallists/ RY2006ChemicalList.pdf.
12. TerraCycle, “Terra Cycle Plant Food Becomes First Consumer Product to Earn Zerofootprint Seal,” CSRwire, August 22, 2006, http://www.csrwire.com/press/press_release/17577-TerraCycle-Plant-Food-153-Becomes-First-Consumer-Product-to -Earn-Zerofootprint-153-Seal.
13. Springfield Materials Recycling Facility, http://springfieldmrf.org.
14. Meredith Corporation, “2007 Top 25 Green Cities in America,” Country Home, 2007, http://www.countryhome.com/greencities/top25_2007.html.
15. Greenopolis, “Waste Management Partner Sustainability Plan.” http://greenopolis.com/partners/wm-partner/sustainability_plan.
16. Silicon Valley Toxic Corporation, “Poison PCs/Toxic TVs,” 2004, http://www.svtc.org/site/DocServer/ppcttv2004.pdf?docID=301.
17. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Wastes Department, “Fact Sheet: Management of Electronic Waste in the United States,” April 2007 (revised July 2008), http://www.epa.gov/waste/conserve/materials/ecycling/docs/fact7-08.pdf.
18. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Wastes Department, “Plug-in to eCycling,” www.epa.gov/epawaste/partnerships/plugin/index.htm.
Chapter 11
1. Donald L. Klass, Biomass for Renewable Energy, Fuels and Chemicals (San Diego: Academic Press, 1998).
2. Julie Lewis, interview by David, June 18, 2009.
3. Bion Environmental Technologies, http://www.biontech.com.
4. Worldwise, http://www.worldwise.com.