INDEX

A

Acceptance sampling, 290

Activity-based costing, 393

Additive layer manufacturing (ALM), 138

Adversarial negotiation, 332

Adversarial tactics, 333335

anchoring, 333

manipulating commitments, 334

reciprocity, 333

rejection-then-retreat trick, 334

withholding information, 334

Air, as mode of transportation, 191

Alliances, 318

Amazon.com, 11

Anchoring, 333

Anticipation inventory, 247

Apple Computer Corp., 163

Appraisal costs, 286

Arbitration, 327328

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC), 362

Assemble-to-order strategy, 42

Auctions, 166169

e-auctions, 166169

open auction, 168

reverse auction, 168

sealed bid auction, 168

Automated storage and retrieval systems (ASRS), 188

Automation in services, 148

B

Barlean's Organic Oils, 53

Batch processes, 136

Bidding, 159160

competitive bidding, 160

Bill of materials (BOM), 264

BMW, 360361

Bottleneck, 7071

Boundary-spanning nature of SCM, 1215

cross-enterprise coordination, 12, 1415

intra-organizational coordination, 1214

Break-bulk, 194

Break-even analysis, 131133

Buckeye Technologies, 307308

Bucklin, Louis P., 111

Buffer stock, 257

Buffer uncertainty, 246

Bullwhip effect, 89

Business logistics, 182

Business process, 6668

order fulfillment process, 67

process improvement, 67

well-coordinated activities, 67

Business strategy, 35

Business-to-business (B2B), 17, 23

Business-to-consumer (B2C), 17, 23

C

Capacity

design capacity, 74

effective capacity, 74

implications, 7375

Carbon footprint, 391

Careers in SCM, 2728

entry-level positions, 28

Causal forecasting models, 224227

linear regression analysis, 224227

multiple regression, 227

Causal models, 216217

Cellular layout, 141

Channels of distribution, 110116

description, 110

designing, 111112

customer service objectives in, 112

factors influencing, 112

market coverage objectives in, 112

product characteristics in, 112

direct, 110

e-commerce impact, 114116

exclusive distribution, 112

indirect, 110

intensive distribution, 112

selective distribution, 112

versus logistics channel, 112114

Checklists, 287288

Collaboration activity, SCM, 7

Collaborative Planning and Forecasting for Replenishment (CPFR), 230233, 322

Sales and Operations Planning (S & OP), 232233

VICS process for adoption of, 230

Commercial sourcing, 154155

Commodity swapping, 330340

Common variation, 291

Competitive advantage, achieving, 3637

competitive advantage matrix, 39

cost productivity advantage, 37

value advantage, 37

Competitive bidding, 160

Competitive priorities, 50

competing on all dimensions, 5455

cost, 50

innovation, 50, 52

quality, 50, 5253

service, 50, 54

time, 5052

Competitive supply chain, 1819

characteristics, 1819

relationship management, 1819

reliability, 18

responsiveness, 18

Competitiveness measure, productivity as, 5658

total productivity, 57

Component parts, 243

Computing target inventory, 262263

Concurrent engineering, 134

Conflict management, 326327

data conflicts, 326

interest conflict, 326

relationship conflicts, 326

sources of conflict, 326327

structural conflicts, 326

value conflicts, 326

Consumer sourcing, 154155

Container Security Initiative (CSI), 24

Continuous improvement, 277

Continuous processes, 136

Continuous review system, 251

Continuum of process types, 137

Contractual relationships, 316317

Control charts, 287288

for attributes, 297298

Coordination activity, SCM, 6

vertical integration versus, 7677

Core competencies, 20

Cost

competing on, 50

considerations, 358361

hidden costs, 358359

non-cost considerations, 359360

costing systems, 393

cost-productivity advantage, 37

versus price, 158159

Cost assessment, sustainable SCM, 392394

activity-based costing, 393

costing systems, 393

cost-of-control, 392393

damage costing, 393

full cost accounting, 393

life-cycle costing, 393

Criticality, of outsourced activity 165166, 314316

Cross-docking, 194195

break-bulk, 194

Cross-enterprise coordination, 12, 1415

Cultural challenges, 352353

Coca Cola's China branding challenge, 353355

high vs. low context cultures, 355

individualism vs. collectivism, 354

masculinity vs. femininity, 354

small vs. large power distance, 354

weak vs. strong uncertainty avoidance, 355

Customer(s) role in SCM

customer-driven supply chains, 98103

customer-oriented standards, 109

definition, 98100

delivering value to, 103110

end consumer, 99

focus on, 910

global customer service issues, 109110

‘house of quality’, 105

organizational end user, 99

payoffs, customer related, 377

preference changes of, accommodating, 97

traditional view of, 99

voice of the customer (VOC), 103105

Customer relationship management (CRM), 102

managing customers using, 103

Customer relationships, 100103

customized strategy, 102

Keurig Versus Flavia, 101

micro-marketing, 102

niche strategy, 102

standardized strategy, 101

types of, 100103

Customer service, 106107

activity, 106

definition, 106

impact on supply chain, 107108

communication, 108

convenience, 108

dependability, 107

time, 107

measuring, 108109

customer-oriented standards, 109

supplier-oriented standards, 109

philosophy, 106

set of performance measures, 106

strategy, 41, 4749

Customized strategy, 102

Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (CTAT), 24

Cycle counting, 188

Cycle stock, 247

Cycle time, 142

Cycles, 211

D

Damage costing, 393

Data conflicts, 326

Degree of product standardization, 135

Dell Computer Corporation, 17

Delphi method, 216

Demand management, 206

Demand planning, 203204, 230233

Demand versus supply uncertainty, 162

Dependency risk, 47

Dependent demand, 263265

Descriptive statistics, 290

Design capacity, 74

Design for manufacture (DFM), 133

Design standard, 382

Designing supply chain networks, 65, 7781

customized end-to-end operational blueprint, 81

differentiated supply chain segments, 81

drivers of operational complexity, identifying, 80

‘one-size-fits-all’ supply chain structure, 80

performance metrics, 81

segmented structures, 7981

structure, 77

Dimensions, supply chain relationships, 314316

Direct channel of distribution, 110

Dispute resolution, 325330

differences in, 327

arbitration, 327328

litigation, 327328

mediation, 327, 329

negotiation, 327, 329

Distribution channel, See Channels of distribution

Distribution strategy, 41, 4445

Distributive opportunities, 332

Dollar value, 248

Domestic sourcing, 164165

E

Early supplier involvement (ESI), 14, 130

E-Auction Development Program (EDP), 173

Ecological footprint, 391

E-commerce impact on distribution channel, 114116

Economic order quantity (EOQ) model, 251, 253256

Economic production quantity (EPQ), 258261

Economic purchase orders, 246

Economies of distance, 189

Economies of scale, 189

Effective capacity, 74

Efficiency-focused supply chains, 162

Elcoteq, 280

Electronic auctions (e-auctions), 166169

stages, 168

auction event, 168

follow-up, 168

preparation, 168

End consumer, 99

Enterprise resource planning (ERP), 22, 8285, 103

advantages of, 84

configuration, 8385

by customized software, 83

standardized 'off-the-shelf' software modules use, 83

description, 83

implementation, 85

‘out-of-the-box’ system, 84

Environmental risks, 396

Environmental sustainability, 377378

Event logistics, 182

Evolving supply process, 162

Exchange rate fluctuations impact, 361362

Exclusive distribution, 112

Executive opinion, 215

Experience curve, 37

Exponential smoothing, 219221

External context of SCM, 385

External failure costs, 286

F

Facility layouts, 139142

planning, 139

types, 139142

cellular layouts, 141

fixed position layout, 139

process layout, 140

product layout, 140141

Facility location, 189

Factor Rating, 195

steps in, 196

Fair price, 159

Fat tails, 395

Feedback, 388

feedback loops, 388

Finance, logistics impact on, 184

Financial impact of sourcing, 156

Financial payoffs, 377

Financial performance, 388

Financial supply chain, 27

Finished goods, 243

Fishbone diagrams, 286

Fixed-order quantity system, 250251, 253261

economic order quantity (EOQ) model, 253256

economic production quantity (EPQ), 258261

production rate model, 258

reorder point (ROP), 256

safety stock, 257258

Fixed position layout, 139140

Fixed-time period system, 251252, 261263

computing target inventory, 262263

versus fixed-time period systems, 252253

Flexibility, 277

Flow shops, 137

Flowcharts, 287288

Food mile, 391

Forecasting, 203210, See also Causal forecasting models; Time series forecasting models

collaborative forecasting, 230233

Delphi method, 216

demand planning, 230233

forecasting beyond widgets, 207

impact on organization, 208

impact on SCM, 208210

impacting planning, 207

climate change, 207

crime forecasting, 207

forecasting decisions in conflicts, 207

health forecasting, 207

political forecasting, 207

tourism forecasting, 207

information transforming, 213

measuring forecast accuracy, 227229

method selection, factors in, 212213

principles of, 210211

qualitative, 214215

quantitative, 214215

steps in, 211212

appropriate data, analyzing, 211

cycles, 211

data patterns, 211

deciding what to forecast, 211

forecasting model, selecting, 212

generating forecast, 212

level or horizontal, 211

monitoring accuracy, 212

seasonality, 211

trend, 211

types of, 214217

versus planning, 205208

Full cost accounting, 393

Function, marketing, 9394

Functional products, 161

versus innovative products, 160163

Funds flow, 7

Fuzzy logic, 395

G

Gap Inc., 94

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 363

Global customer service issues, 109110

Global marketing approach, 351352

Global positioning systems (GPS), 22, 82

Global SCM, 343372

barriers, 348349

challenges of global culture, 347

cultural challenge, 352353, See also individual entry

factors impacting, 349350

competition, 349

cost, 350

culture, 350

economy, 350

infrastructure, 350

market, 349

politics, 350

technology, 350

global environment, 345347

cultural, 347

demographic, 347

economic, 347

political, 347

global market challenges, 350355

global consumer, 351

global versus local marketing, 351352

infrastructure design, 356358, See also Infrastructural challenges

labor, 344345

non-tariff barriers impact, 363364

import quotas, 363

local content requirements, 363

technical standards and health regulations, 363

trigger price mechanism, 363

opportunities, 348349

political and economic factors influencing, 361364

exchange rate fluctuations, 361362

regional trade agreements, 361363

trade protection mechanisms, 361

transportation, 345

Wal-Mart, 347348

warehousing, 344

Wú's Brew works, 365371

Global sourcing, 164165

Globalization trend in SCM, 20

Goldratt, Eliyahu M., 70

Good works ethic views, 384

Great pacific garbage patch, 375377

‘Green’ supply chain, 25

H

Heuristics, 145

Hidden costs, 358359

Histograms, 287288

Holding cost, 248

I

Import quotas, 363

Independent demand, 263265

Indirect channel of distribution, 110111

Information flow, 7

Information impact of sourcing, 156

Information sharing activity, SCM, 6

Information technology (IT), 357

design, 65

as SCM enabler, 82

Infrastructural challenges, 356357

labor, 356

suppliers, 357

transportation, 356

Infrastructure design, 356358

Innovation, 2526

competing on, 50, 52

outsourcing innovation, 26

Goldcorp Inc., 2627

Innovative products, 161

versus functional products, 160163

Integration of processes, 7577, See also under Supply chain processes

Integrative opportunities, 332

Intel Corporation, 264, 291

Intensive distribution, 112

Interest, 331332

conflict, 326

Intermittent processes, 135136

batch processes, 136

project processes, 136

Internal context of SCM, 386

Internal failure costs, 286

International Organization for Standards (ISO) 9000, 288290

Interpreting productivity, 58

Intra-organizational integration, 1214

marketing, 13

operations, 13

sourcing, 13

Inventory control, 188

Inventory costs, 247250

holding cost, 247248

ordering cost, 247248

shortage costs, 247, 249

Inventory management, 241272, See also Supply chain inventory, managing

basics of, 243250

inventory systems, 250253

economic order quantity (EOQ) model, 251

fixed-order quantity system, 250251

fixed-order quantity versus fixed-time period systems, 252253

fixed-time period system, 251252

reasons for carrying, 245246

balance supply and demand, 245246

buffer uncertainty, 246

economic purchase orders, 246

maintain independence of operations, 245

protect against lead time demand, 245

service inventory, 244

types of inventory, 246247

anticipation inventory, 247

cycle stock, 247

maintenance, repair and operating items (MRO), 247

pipeline inventory, 247

safety stock, 247

Inventory turnover, 169

J

Job shops, 137

John Deere & Company, 249250

Just-in-time (JIT), 317

K

Kanban square, 281

Keiretsu supplier-partnering model, 337338

KUKA Robotics Corp., 147

L

Labor, 344345, 356

Leadership, 386

Lean six sigma supply chain, 300303

developing, 301302

conduct supply chain capability analysis (Step 2), 302

develop key financial and operational metrics (Step 3), 302

identify and implement system improvements (Step 4), 302

jointly define value (Step 1), 301

impact on supply chain activities, 302303

logistics, 303

operations, 303

suppliers, 303

Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP), 301

Lean supply chain, 2324

Lean systems, 273309, See also Six sigma quality

elements of lean, 277279

lean production, 277

respect for people, 277, 283285, See also individual entry

total quality management (TQM), 277, 285290

lean production, 279283

pull system, 279281

small lot production, 282283

uniform plant loading, 283

visual signals, 281282

lean six sigma, 275279

broad view, 276

continuous improvement., 277

elimination of waste, 276

flexibility, 277

lean philosophy, 275277

simplicity, 277

tenets of lean philosophy, 276

visibility, 277

lean tools in the popular press, 289

U.S. Army, 278

Legal compliance, 382

Less-than-truck-load (LTL) shipment, 189

Li & Fung, 231

Life-cycle assessment (LCA), 390

Life-cycle costing, 393

Line balancing in product layouts, 142146

computing efficiency 145146

determining cycle time 142144

identifying task times and precedence relationships, 142

tasks to workstations, assigning, 144145

theoretical minimum number of workstations, determining, 144

Line processes, 136

Linear regression analysis, 224227

Litigation, 327328

Local content requirements, 363

Local marketing approach, 351352

Logistics, 15, 177202, 303

business logistics, 182

event logistics, 182

evolution of, 181182

physical distribution, 181

facility location, 195196

function, 179181

impact on organization, 182185

finance, 184

marketing, 183

operations, 182

packaging, 184

impact on supply chain, 185

logistics tasks, 187189

cycle counting, 188

facility location, 189

inventory control, 188

material handling, 187188

order fulfillment, 189

packaging, 188

storage, 187

transportation, 187, See also individual entry

military logistics, 182

reverse logistics, 185187

SCM versus, 15

versus distribution channel, 112114

Longest task time rule, 144

Long-term supply chain relationships, 321

design phase, 321

management phase, 321

M

Maintenance, repair and operating items (MRO), 247, 315

Make-to-order strategy, 42

Make-to-stock strategy, 42

Manufacturing operations, 125

Market research, 215

Marketing, 13, 91119

channels of distribution, 110116, See also individual entry

customer preference changes, accommodating, 97

PepsiCo, 97

definition, 9398

evolution of, 9496

1930s, 95

1970s, 95

early 20th century, 95

function, 9394

Gap Inc., 94

logistics impact on, 183

mass marketing, 94

organization impacted by, 9697

relational marketing, 9596

segmentation, 94

supply chain impacted by, 98

place, 98

price, 98

product, 98

promotion, 98

sustainability, 400401

target marketing, 94

transactional marketing, 95

Material requirements planning (MRP), 264

Matrix, supply chain relationship, 316318

Mean, as a forecasting method, 217218

Mediation, 327, 329

Method selection in forecasting, factors in, 212213

available data, 212

degree of accuracy, 212

length of forecast horizon, 212213

patterns in data, 213

Micro-marketing, 102

Military logistics, 182

Minimalist ethic views, 384

Monte Carlo simulations, 395

Moving averages, 218219

simple, 218

weighted, 219

Multimode, transport using, 192193

Multiple regression, 227

Multiple sourcing, 164

N

Negotiation, 159160, 327, 329337

concepts, 330337

distributive opportunities, 332

integrative opportunities, 332

leverage, 331

negotiator's dilemma, 332

position versus interest, 331332

styles, 332333

adversarial negotiators, 332

problem-solving negotiators, 333

tactics, 333337, See also Adversarial tactics; Problem-solving tactics

Network design, 6389, See also Designing supply chain networks

Niche strategy, 102

Non-cost considerations, 359360

Non-strategic transactions, 316

Non-tariff barriers impact, 363364

Norm of reciprocity, 333

Number of followers rule, 144

O

Off-shoring, 164

‘One-size-fits-all’ supply chain structure, 80

One-to-one marketing, 102

Open auction, 168

Operational impact, 155

Operational payoffs, 377

Operations, 13, 303

logistics impact on, 182

Operations management (OM), 121150

automation in services, 148

decisions, 124125

facility layout, 139142, See also individual entry

function, 123124

impact on organization, 126127

impact on SCM, 127128

line balancing in product layouts, 142146

manufacturing versus service operations, 125

operations function, evolution, 125126

process automation, 146148

process design, 134139

intermittent processes, 135136

repetitive processes, 135136

product design, 128134, See also Product design, OM in

transformation role of, 124

Operations strategy, 4144

Assemble-to-order option, 42

Make-to-order option, 42

Make-to-stock option, 42

Option value, sustainable SCM, 392

Order fulfillment, 189

Order picking, 193

Order qualifiers, 54

Order winners, 54

Ordering cost, 248

Organization

OM impact on, 126127

sourcing impact on, 155157

financial, 156

information impact, 156

risk mitigation, 156

strategic, 156

Organizational end user, 99

Organizational payoffs, 377

Outsourcing, 4647, 77, 165166

advantages, 4647

criticality, 165166

outsourcing alliances, 48, 167

Li & Fung Ltd., 4849

risks in, 47

Roots, 167

scope, 165

trend in SCM, 2021

versus in-house, 7886

Sony Versus Samsung, 78

P

Packaging, 188, 398

logistics impact on, 184

Parallel process, 72

Pareto analysis, 287288

Partnership agreements, 337339

Partnerships, 317

Percentage of item cost, 248

Performance standard, 382

Periodic order quantity (POQ), 266

Periodic review system, 252

Peters, Tom, 46

Philips Lighting, 157

Physical distribution, 181

Pipeline inventory, 247

Pipeline, transport using, 191

Place, 98

utility, 189

Planning

decisions involved, 206

existing resource, scheduling, 206

future resource needs, determining, 206

new resources, acquiring, 206

forecasting versus, 205208

Political risks, 396

Position, in negotiation 331332

Postponement, 23, 162

Power-based versus trust-based relationships, 319321

Prevention cost, 286

Price, 98

cost versus, 158159

Problem-solving negotiators, 333

Problem-solving tactics, 335337

asking, 335

listening, 335

referencing, 335

Process automation, 146148

advantages, 146147

disadvantages, 146147

Process capability, 291296

process variation versus product specifications, 293

product design specifications, 292

Process control charts, 296297

attributes, 297

control charts for attributes, 297298

variables, 297

Processes, 387

design, 400

layout, 140

managing, 6869, See also Supply chain processes

variation, 73

Proctor & Gamble, 319324

Product(s), 7, 98, 161

functional, 161

innovative, 161

layout, 140141

line balancing in, 142146

Product Life Cycle, 134

specifications, 292

volume, 135

Product design, OM in, 128134

break-even analysis, 131133

design decisions, factors impacting, 133134

concurrent engineering, 134

design for manufacture (DFM), 133

product life cycle, 134

remanufacturing, 134

design of services, 129

physical element of service, 129

psychological benefits, 129

sensual elements, 129

functional concerns at product screening stage, 130

finance, 130

marketing, 130

operations, 130

sourcing, 130

process of, 129131

final design, 130

idea development, 129

preliminary design and testing, 130

product screening, 130

Production rate model, 258

Productivity

as competitiveness measure, 5658

interpreting, 58

Professional organizations, SCM 2728

Project processes, 136

Promotion, 98

Pull system, 279281

Purchasing, 153154

Q

Q-model, 251

Qualitative forecasting methods, 214215

executive opinion, 215

market research, 215

Quality circle, 284

Quality function deployment (QFD), 104

Quality, competing on, 50, 5253

Quantitative forecasting methods, 214217

causal models, 216217

time series models, 216

R

Radio frequency identification (RFID), 22, 53, 82

Rail, transport using, 191

Random variation, 291

Rapid manufacturing, 138

Raw materials, 243

Real option analysis, 395

Reciprocal interdependence, 322323

Reciprocity, 333

norm of reciprocity, 333

Referencing, 335

Regional trade agreements, 361363

Rejection-then-retreat trick, 334

Relational marketing, 9596

Relational relationship, 316

Relationship conflicts, 326

Relationship management, 1819

Relationship view, 68

Reliability, 18

Remanufacturing, 134

Reorder point (ROP), 256

Repetitive processes, 135136

continuous processes, 136137

line processes, 136137

Request for proposal (RFP), 157

Request for quotation (RFQ), 157

Request or invitation for bid (RFB), 157

Respect for people, 277, 283285

role of management, 284

role of suppliers, 284285

role of workers, 283284

Responsive supply chains, 162

Responsiveness, 18

Return on assets (ROA), 184

Return on investment (ROI), 184

Reverse auction, 168

Reverse engineering, 130

Reverse logistics, 7, 185187

returns to a 3PL provider for repairs, 186

with returns to manufacturer, 186

Rise of SCM, 1518

information technology changes in, 17

need for, 16

order processing, 16

Risk assessment, sustainable SCM, 394396

environmental risks, 396

fat tails, 395

Fuzzy logic, 395

Monte Carlo simulations, 395

political risks, 396

real option analysis, 395

scenario-based analysis, 395

social risks, 396

Risk-hedging supply chains, 162

Risk mitigation, 156

impacting sourcing, 156

S

Safety stock, 247, 257258

Sales and Operations Planning (S & OP), 232233, 301

Sales force composite, 214

Sawtooth model, 251

Scatter diagrams, 287288

Scenario-based analysis, 395

Scope, of outsourced activity, 165, 314315

Sealed bid auction, 168

Seasonal index, 223

Seasonality, 211

adjustment, 222224

Segmentation, market, 94

Segmented structures, designing, 7981

Selective distribution, 112

Sequential interdependence, 322323

Serial process, 71

Service, competing on, 50, 54

Service inventory, 244

Zoots, 244

Service operations, 125

Service supply chain, 1011

Setup cost, 248

Setup time, 282

Shortage costs, 249

Shortage inventory cost, 247

‘Silo’ mentality, 13, 75

Simple moving average, 218

Simplicity, 277

Single sourcing, 164

Six sigma quality, 11, 298300, See also Lean systems

methodology, 299300

Small lot production, 282283

Small versus large firms, 5556

Smartcup, 131

Snedeker Global Cruises, 173174

Social risks, 396

Social sustainability, 377378

Sourcing, 13, 151175, 399400, See also Outsourcing

bidding or negotiation, question of, 159160

commercial versus consumer sourcing, 154155

cost versus price, 158159

demand versus supply uncertainty, 162

domestic versus global sourcing, 164165

financial impact on organization, 156

function, 153, 157160

evolution of, 154

impact on organization, 155157

impact on supply chain, 155157

operational impact, 155

performance, measuring, 169170

process, 157160

and SCM, 160169

single versus multiple sourcing, 164

strategic sourcing, 153

strategy, 41, 4547

outsourcing, 46

Speedy Automotive, case study 238239

Stable supply process, 162

Stakeholder's reaction, 388

Statistical process control (SPC), 290

Statistical quality control (SQC), 290298, See also Process capability

acceptance sampling, 290

descriptive statistics, 290

sources of variation, 290291

statistical process control (SPC), 290

Steinway Pianos, 113

Strategic alignment, 36

Strategic considerations, 5556

Strategic impact of sourcing, 156

Strategic Solutions Inc., 200201

Strategic sourcing, 153

Structural conflicts, 326

Supplier-oriented standards, 109

Suppliers, 4, 303, 357

first-tier, 5

second-tier, 5

Supply chain/Supply chain system, 3, 6569, See also Competitive supply chain; Customer-driven Supply chains

activities

lean six sigma supply chain impact on, 302303

customer service impact on, 107

disruptions, managing, 24

downstream part, 5

logistics impact on, 185

managing flows through, 78

funds flow, 7

information flow, 7

products flow, 7

marketing impact on, 98

processes across, 6566

products ‘pulled’ through, 9

sourcing impact on, 155157

upstream part, 4

warehousing in, 193194

Supply chain inventory, managing, 265269

ABC inventory classification, 265266

measuring inventory performance, 267268

practical considerations of EOQ, 266267

capacity constraints, 267

EOQ adjustments, 267

lumpy demand, 266

vendor managed inventory (VMI), 268269

Supply chain management (SCM), 131, See also individual entries

activities, 67

coordination, 6

information sharing, 6

collaboration, 7

description, 311

forecasting impact on, 208210

stages, 45

customers, 4

producers, 4

retailers, 4

suppliers, 4

wholesalers/distributors, 4

Supply chain network, 45

design, 65, 7781, See also Designing supply chain networks

shapes, 6

Supply chain processes

integration of, 7577

functions integration across supply chain stage, 76

internal functions integration stage, 76

organizational functions independence stage, 7576

stages of, 7576

vertical integration versus coordination, 7677

managing, 6869, See also Theory of constraints (TOC)

advantages, 68

LG Electronics, 69

relationship view, 68

transactional view, 68

Supply chain relationships, 313319, See also Trust-based relationship, developing

contractual, 316317

dimensions, 314316

criticality, 314316

scope, 314315

importance of, 313314

long-term, 321

management, 311342

diluting power, 339

keiretsu supplier-partnering model, 337338

partnership agreements, 337339

in practice, 337339

managing conflict and dispute resolution, 325330, See also Conflict management; Dispute resolution

matrix, 316318

alliances, 318

non-strategic transactions, 316

partnerships, 317

relational, 316

trust-based versus power-based, 319321

trust, role of, 319325

contractual-based view, 321

relationship-based view, 321

Supply chain security, 2425

Supply chain strategy, 3362, See also Customer service:

strategy; Distribution strategy; Operations strategy;

Sourcing: strategy

building blocks of, 4049

business strategy and, 35

competitive advantage, achieving, 3637

description, 3540

design, 4955

strategic alignment, 36

strategic considerations, 5556

small versus large firms, 5556

supply chain adaptability, 5556

Surplus Styles (case study), 6061

Supply chain sustainability model, 385388

business context, 386

external context, 385

feedback, 388

financial performance, 388

human and financial resources, 386

internal context, 386

leadership, 386

model inputs, 385

processes, 387

stakeholder's reaction, 388

sustainability performance, 387

Supply management, 153154

Supply uncertainty, 162

Sustainability, 375384

and ‘green’ supply chain, 25

performance, 387

reason for, 382384

community relations, 383

design standard, 382

ethical responsibility, 383

good works ethic views, 384

legal compliance, 382

minimalist ethic views, 384

performance standard, 382

revenue, 383

Sustainable SCM, 373406

Aracruz Celulose, 378380

Carbon Fiber Auto Parts, 397398

compliance, 388389

cost assessment, 392394

customer related payoffs, 377

defining sustainability, 375377

enforcement, 388389

environmental sustainability, 377378

evaluating, 384396

financial payoffs, 377

Great Pacific Garbage Patch, 375377

Haitian Oil, case study, 404406

innovation, 388390

marketing sustainability, 400401

operational payoffs, 377

organizational payoffs, 377

packaging, 398

in practice, 396397

product design, 397

principles, 380382

business relationships, 380

community involvement and economic development, 381

ethics, 380

financial return, 380

governance, 380

transparency, 380

value of products and services, 381

process design, 400

risk assessment, 394396, See also Risk assessment, sustainable SCM

SCM decisions and related environmental effects, 379

facility location, 379

inventory control, 379

material flow, 379

product packaging, 379

social sustainability, 377378

sourcing, 399400

sustainability in SCM, measures of, 390391

carbon footprint, 391

ecological footprint, 391

food mile, 391

life-cycle assessment (LCA), 390

total cost of ownership (TCO), 390

unintended consequences, 401402

values in, 391392

option value, 392

Sysco, 190

System constraints, 7072

System design, 6389, See also Supply chain system

System variation, 7273

T

Takt time, 142

Target marketing, 94

Technology role, global SCM, 357358

information technology, 357

Technology trend in SCM, 2123

Theory of constraints (TOC), 7075

capacity implications, 7375

parallel process, 72

serial process, 71

system constraints, 7072

system variation, 7273

Third-party logistics (3PL) providers, 197, 315

Time series forecasting models, 217224

exponential smoothing, 219221

mean, 217218

moving averages, 218219

simple, 218

weighted, 219

seasonality adjustment, 222224

trend adjusted exponential smoothing, 221222

Time series models, 216

Time, competing on, 5052

FedEx, 51

Total cost of ownership (TCO), 159, 390

Total quality management (TQM), 11, 53, 277279, 285290, 360

appraisal costs, 286

cause and effect diagrams, 286

checklists, 287288

control charts, 287288

costs of quality, 286

external failure costs, 286

flowcharts, 287288

histograms, 287288

internal failure costs, 286

Pareto analysis, 287288

prevention cost, 286

quality tools, 286288

scatter diagrams, 287288

seven tools of quality, 287

voice of the customer (VOC), 285286

Toyota Motor Corporation, 40, 172173

Trade protection mechanisms, 361

Transactional marketing, 95

Transactional view, 68

Transformation role of OM, 124

Transportation, 345, 356

Transportation, logistics task, 189193

air, 191

economies of distance, 189

economies of scale, 189

less-than-truck-load (LTL) shipment, 189

multimode, 192193

Northeast Passage, 192193

pipeline, 191

place utility, 189

rail, 191

truck, 191

water, 191

Trends in SCM, 2027, 211

globalization, 20

outsourcing, 2021

postponement, 23

technology, 2123

trend adjusted exponential smoothing, 221222

Trigger price mechanism, 363

Truck, transport using, 191

Trust-based relationship, developing, 321324

assessing relationship, 322

effective conflict resolution mechanisms, designing, 323

effective contracts, creating, 323

equity, 322

identifying operational roles, 322

managing, 324325

clear method of communication, 324

commitment, 324

fairness, 324

performance visibility, 324

reciprocal interdependence, 322

sequential interdependence, 322

Trust-based versus power-based relationships, 319321

U

Uniform plant loading, 283

United Parcel Service (UPS), 180

United Postal Service Inc (UPS), 197

V

Value advantage, 3739

Value chain, 4

Value conflicts, 326

Value network, 4

Value-segments, 38

Value Stream Mapping (VSM), 302

Value, SCM as a source of, 3940

Vendor managed inventory (VMI), 268269

Vertical integration versus coordination, 7677

Virtual teaming, 165

Visibility, 277

Visual signals, 281282

Voice of the customer (VOC), 103105, 285286

Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Standards (VICS), 230

W

Wal-Mart, 21, 38, 127, 347348

Warehousing, 193196, 344

in supply chain, 193194

Waste, 275

elimination of, 276

Water, transport using, 191

Weeks-of-supply, 169

Weighted moving average, 219

Willingness-to-pay (WTP), 392

Wireless communication technologies, 22

Withholding information, 334

Work cells, 141

Work-in-process (WIP), 243

World Health Organization (WHO), 209210

Z

Zara, Spanish retailer, 19

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