Index

A note on the digital index

A link in an index entry is displayed as the section title in which that entry appears. Because some sections have multiple index markers, it is not unusual for an entry to have several links to the same section. Clicking on any link will take you directly to the place in the text in which the marker appears.

Symbols

! (logical NOT) operator, Tables Make Your Life Easier
# (hash mark), Setting Up PF on OpenBSD, Setting Up PF on FreeBSD

A

Acar, Can Erkin, Keeping an Eye on Things with systat
ACK (acknowledgment) packets
class-based bandwidth allocation, Class-Based Bandwidth Allocation for Small Networks
HFSC algorithm, Queue Definition, Queue Definition, Rule Set
priority queues, Transitioning from ALTQ to Priorities and Queues, Using ALTQ Priority Queues to Improve Performance
two-priority configuration, The prio Priority Scheme, The prio Priority Scheme
adaptive firewalls, Setting Up an Adaptive Firewall
adaptive.end value, State Policy
adaptive.start value, State Policy
advbase parameter, Setting Up Network Interfaces with ifconfig
advskew parameter, Setting Up Network Interfaces with ifconfig, CARP for Load Balancing
aggressive value, Rule Set Optimization
ALTQ (alternate queuing) framework, I heard PF is based on IPFilter, which I know from working with Solaris. Can I just copy my IPFilter configuration across and have a working setup right away?, Transitioning from ALTQ to Priorities and Queues, Transitioning from ALTQ to Priorities and Queues
basic concepts, Directing Traffic with ALTQ
class-based bandwidth allocation, Class-Based Bandwidth Allocation for Small Networks
overview, priq
queue definition, Class-Based Bandwidth Allocation for Small Networks
tying queues into rule set, Queue Definition
handling unwanted traffic, Queuing for Servers in a DMZ
operating system-based queue assignments, Overloading to a Tiny Queue
overloading to tiny queues, Queuing for Servers in a DMZ
HFSC algorithm, Queue Definition
overview, priq
queue definition, Queue Definition
tying queues into rule set, Queue Definition
priority-based queues, ALTQ on FreeBSD
match rule for queue assignment, Using ALTQ Priority Queues to Improve Performance
overview, Directing Traffic with ALTQ
performance improvement, ALTQ on FreeBSD
queuing for servers in DMZ, Rule Set
setting up, priq
on FreeBSD, priq
on NetBSD, ALTQ on FreeBSD
on OpenBSD, priq
transitioning to priority and queuing system, Overloading to a Tiny Queue
anchors, That Sad Old FTP Thing
authpf program, A Basic Authenticating Gateway, Wide Open but Actually Shut
listing current contents of, Restructuring Your Rule Set with Anchors
loading rules into, Restructuring Your Rule Set with Anchors
manipulating contents, Restructuring Your Rule Set with Anchors
relayd daemon, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd
restructuring rule set with, The Bridge Rule Set
tagging to help policy routing, Restructuring Your Rule Set with Anchors
ancontrol command, A Little IEEE 802.11 Background
antispoof tool, Keep It Simple: Avoid the Pitfalls of in, out, and on, Fragment Reassembly, Packet Normalization with scrub: OpenBSD 4.6 Onward
ARP balancing, Setting sysctl Values, Putting Together a Rule Set
atomic rule set load, Reloading the Rule Set and Looking for Errors
authpf program, FreeBSD Setup, Guarding Your Wireless Network with authpf
basic authenticating gateways, Guarding Your Wireless Network with authpf
public networks, A Basic Authenticating Gateway

B

bandwidth
actual available, Rule Set
class-based allocation of, Class-Based Bandwidth Allocation for Small Networks
overview, priq
queue definition, Class-Based Bandwidth Allocation for Small Networks
tying queues into rule set, Queue Definition
queues for allocation of, The Two-Priority Speedup Trick
DMZ network with traffic shaping, Rule Set
fixed, The HFSC Algorithm
flexible, Rule Set
HFSC algorithm, The HFSC Algorithm
total usable, Introducing Queues for Bandwidth Allocation
Beck, Bob, Spam-Fighting Tips
Berkeley Software Distributions (see BSDs (Berkeley Software Distributions); FreeBSD; NetBSD; OpenBSD)
blacklisting, Network-Level Behavior Analysis and Blacklisting, Spam-Fighting Tips
block all rule, Slightly Stricter: Using Lists and Macros for Readability, Displaying Information About Your System, A Basic Authenticating Gateway, A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside: Routable IPv4 Addresses
block in all rule, Setting Up PF on NetBSD
block rule, Setting Up PF on OpenBSD
block-policy option, Things You Can Tweak and What You Probably Should Leave Alone
blocknonip option, Basic Bridge Setup on OpenBSD
Brauer, Henning, The Rise of PF, Transitioning from ALTQ to Priorities and Queues, Setting Up the NetFlow Sensor
brconfig command, Basic Bridge Setup on OpenBSD, Basic Bridge Setup on FreeBSD
bridges, The Power of Tags, The Power of Tags, Basic Bridge Setup on NetBSD
defined, The Power of Tags
pros and cons of, The Power of Tags
rule set, Basic Bridge Setup on NetBSD
setting up
on FreeBSD, Basic Bridge Setup on OpenBSD
on NetBSD, Basic Bridge Setup on FreeBSD
on OpenBSD, Basic Bridge Setup on OpenBSD
brute-force attacks, Turning Away the Brutes
defined, Turning Away the Brutes
expiring tables using pfctl, Setting Up an Adaptive Firewall
overview, Turning Away the Brutes
setting up adaptive firewalls, Setting Up an Adaptive Firewall
BSDs (Berkeley Software Distributions), Your Network: High Performance, Low Maintenance, and Secure, Your Network: High Performance, Low Maintenance, and Secure
(see also FreeBSD; NetBSD; OpenBSD)
configuration files, Pointers for Linux Users
Linux versus, If You Came from Elsewhere
network interface naming conventions, If You Came from Elsewhere
online resources, Resources
print resources, Sample Configurations and Related Musings
Bytes In/Out statistics, Displaying Information About Your System

C

CARP (Common Address Redundancy Protocol), Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd
failover, The Project Specification: A Redundant Pair of Gateways
kernel options, The Project Specification: A Redundant Pair of Gateways
network interface setup with ifconfig, Setting sysctl Values
sysctl values, Setting sysctl Values
load balancing, Putting Together a Rule Set
load-balancing mode, CARP for Load Balancing
setting up, CARP for Load Balancing
overview, Redundancy and Resource Availability
carpdev option, The Project Specification: A Redundant Pair of Gateways, Setting Up Network Interfaces with ifconfig
cbq (class-based) queues, Transitioning from ALTQ to Priorities and Queues
definition, Class-Based Bandwidth Allocation for Small Networks
tying into rule set, Queue Definition
cloneable interfaces, Access Points with Three or More Interfaces, Logging to Several pflog Interfaces
command succeeded message, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd
Common Address Redundancy Protocol (see CARP)
complicated networks, Bigger or Trickier Networks
bridges, The Power of Tags
FreeBSD setup, Basic Bridge Setup on OpenBSD
NetBSD setup, Basic Bridge Setup on FreeBSD
OpenBSD setup, Basic Bridge Setup on OpenBSD
rule set, Basic Bridge Setup on NetBSD
interface groups, Back to the Single NATed Network
NAT, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd
DMZ, A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside—The NAT Version
load balancing with redirection, DMZ with NAT
single NATed network, DMZ with NAT
nonroutable IPv4 addresses, The Bridge Rule Set
establishing global rules, The Bridge Rule Set
restructuring rule set with anchors, The Bridge Rule Set
packet tagging, Filtering on Interface Groups
routable IPv4 addresses, A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside: Routable IPv4 Addresses, A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside: Routable IPv4 Addresses
DMZ, A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside: Routable IPv4 Addresses, A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside: Routable IPv4 Addresses
load balancing with redirection, Sharing the Load: Redirecting to a Pool of Addresses
load balancing with relayd, Sharing the Load: Redirecting to a Pool of Addresses
macros, A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside: Routable IPv4 Addresses
configuration files
FreeBSD, Pointers for Linux Users, Setting Up PF on FreeBSD
NetBSD, Setting Up PF on FreeBSD
OpenBSD, Pointers for Linux Users, Setting Up PF on OpenBSD
tools for managing, Pointers for Linux Users, PF Configuration Basics
connection refused message, A Minimal Rule Set
content filtering, Giving Spammers a Hard Time with spamd, Setting Up spamd in Greylisting Mode, Setting Up spamd in Greylisting Mode
Core Force project, The Rise of PF
Core Security, The Rise of PF

D

DDoS (distributed denial-of-service) attacks, Block Policy, Block Policy
de Raadt, Theo, The Rise of PF
debug option, An OpenBSD WPA Access Point, Limits
debugging, Debugging Your Rule Set
(see also logging)
debug option, Limits
troubleshooting-friendly networks, If We Must: ftp-proxy with Divert or Redirect
deep packet inspection, Your Network: High Performance, Low Maintenance, and Secure
demilitarized zone (DMZ), Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd (see DMZ demotion counter)
denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, The Bridge Rule Set, Logging to syslog, Local or Remote, Fragment Reassembly
dhclient command, OpenBSD Setup, FreeBSD Setup
dhcpd program, The Access Point’s PF Rule Set
distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, Block Policy, Block Policy
divert(4) sockets, Your Network: High Performance, Low Maintenance, and Secure
divert-to component, If We Must: ftp-proxy with Divert or Redirect
Dixon, Jason, A Little Encouragement: A PF Haiku
dmesg command, WPA, Getting the Right Hardware
DMZ (demilitarized zone)
NAT, A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside—The NAT Version
queuing for servers in, Rule Set
routable IPv4 addresses, A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside: Routable IPv4 Addresses, A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside: Routable IPv4 Addresses
testing rule set, Protecting Against Spoofing with antispoof, Protecting Against Spoofing with antispoof
with traffic shaping, Rule Set, Rule Set
DNS, Checking Your Rules, Testing Your Rule Set, A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside: Routable IPv4 Addresses, A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside: Routable IPv4 Addresses
documentation, Can you recommend a GUI tool for managing my PF rule set?
domain name lookups, PF Logs: The Basics, Logging All Packets: log (all), Logging to syslog, Local or Remote
domain name resolution, A Minimal Rule Set, A Stricter Baseline Rule Set
domain names, Testing Your Rule Set
DoS (denial-of-service) attacks, The Bridge Rule Set, Logging to syslog, Local or Remote, Fragment Reassembly
DragonFly BSD, Your Network: High Performance, Low Maintenance, and Secure, The Rise of PF, The First Step: Enabling PF
drop value, Things You Can Tweak and What You Probably Should Leave Alone
dropped packets, Rule Set

E

echo requests/replies, Making Your Network Troubleshooting-Friendly, A FreeBSD WPA Access Point, A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside: Routable IPv4 Addresses, Back to the Single NATed Network, Basic Bridge Setup on NetBSD, Restructuring Your Rule Set with Anchors
Engen, Vegard, A Basic Authenticating Gateway
expiretable tool, Setting Up an Adaptive Firewall

F

failover, Redundancy and Failover: CARP and pfsync
CARP, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd, The Project Specification: A Redundant Pair of Gateways
kernel options, The Project Specification: A Redundant Pair of Gateways
network interface setup with ifconfig, Setting sysctl Values
sysctl values, Setting sysctl Values
load balancing versus, CARP for Load Balancing
pfsync protocol, Setting Up Network Interfaces with ifconfig
rule set, Keeping States Synchronized: Adding pfsync
false positives, Setting Up spamd in Blacklisting Mode, Setting Up spamd in Greylisting Mode, Greytrapping, Spam-Fighting Tips
FIFO (first in, first out), The prio Priority Scheme, Transitioning from ALTQ to Priorities and Queues, Using ALTQ Priority Queues to Improve Performance
file servers
NAT, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd
routable IPv4 addresses, A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside: Routable IPv4 Addresses
file transfer protocol (see FTP)
firewalls, Your Network: High Performance, Low Maintenance, and Secure
(see also bridges)
adaptive, Setting Up an Adaptive Firewall
simple gateways, Into the Real World
first in, first out (FIFO), The prio Priority Scheme, Transitioning from ALTQ to Priorities and Queues, Using ALTQ Priority Queues to Improve Performance
flags S/SA keep state rule, Reloading the Rule Set and Looking for Errors
floating state policy, Block Policy
Floeter, Reyk, SNMP Tools and PF-Related SNMP MIBs
flow-tools program, Setting Up the NetFlow Sensor
flowd collector daemon, Setting Up the NetFlow Sensor
flowd-reader program, NetFlow Data Collecting, Reporting, and Analysis
flush global state-tracking option, Setting Up an Adaptive Firewall
frag value, State Policy
fragment reassembly options, Rule Set Optimization
FreeBSD, Your Network: High Performance, Low Maintenance, and Secure, The Rise of PF
configuration files, Pointers for Linux Users
online resources, Sample Configurations and Related Musings
pfSense, Can you recommend a GUI tool for managing my PF rule set?
setting up ALTQ framework on, priq
setting up bridges, Basic Bridge Setup on OpenBSD
setting up PF on, Setting Up PF on OpenBSD
spamd spam-deferral daemon, Network-Level Behavior Analysis and Blacklisting, Setting Up spamd in Greylisting Mode
wireless interface configuration, Setting Up a Simple Wireless Network
wireless network setup, FreeBSD Setup
WPA access points, An OpenBSD WPA Access Point
FreeBSD Handbook, Setting Up PF on FreeBSD
from keyword, Setting Up a Gateway
FTP (file transfer protocol), That Sad Old FTP Thing, A FreeBSD WPA Access Point
fetching list data via, Setting Up spamd in Blacklisting Mode
ftp-proxy with diversion or redirection, If We Must: ftp-proxy with Divert or Redirect
history of, That Sad Old FTP Thing, That Sad Old FTP Thing
security challenges, That Sad Old FTP Thing
variations on ftp-proxy setup, If We Must: ftp-proxy with Divert or Redirect
ftp-proxy command, Setting Up PF on OpenBSD
enabling, If We Must: ftp-proxy with Divert or Redirect
redirection, If We Must: ftp-proxy with Divert or Redirect
reverse mode, If We Must: ftp-proxy with Divert or Redirect
ftpproxy_flags variable, If We Must: ftp-proxy with Divert or Redirect
FTPS, That Sad Old FTP Thing
fw_update script, WPA

G

grep program, Keeping spamd Greylists in Sync, NetFlow Data Collecting, Reporting, and Analysis
greyexp value, Setting Up spamd in Greylisting Mode
greylisting, Greylisting: My Admin Told Me Not to Talk to Strangers
compensating for unusual situations, Keeping spamd Greylists in Sync
defined, Greylisting: My Admin Told Me Not to Talk to Strangers
in practice, Setting Up spamd in Greylisting Mode
keeping lists in sync, Updating Lists
online resources, BSD and Networking Books
setting up, Greylisting: My Admin Told Me Not to Talk to Strangers, Setting Up spamd in Greylisting Mode
greytrapping, Tracking Your Real Mail Connections: spamlogd, Spam-Fighting Tips
adding to list, Greytrapping
deleting from list, Updating Lists

H

Hail Mary Cloud sequence of brute-force attempts, Setting Up an Adaptive Firewall, Setting Up an Adaptive Firewall
hardware, The Rise of PF, A Note On Hardware Support
helping hardware support efforts, How to Help the Hardware Support Efforts
issues facing hardware support developers, Getting the Right Hardware
pool memory, Limits
selecting, A Note On Hardware Support
selecting for wireless networks, WPA
Harris, Evan, Greylisting: My Admin Told Me Not to Talk to Strangers
Hartmeier, Daniel, The Rise of PF, Transitioning from ALTQ to Priorities and Queues, ALTQ on FreeBSD
hash mark (#), Setting Up PF on OpenBSD, Setting Up PF on FreeBSD
HFSC (Hierarchical Fair Service Curve) algorithm, The HFSC Algorithm, Rule Set, Directing Traffic with ALTQ, Queue Definition
queue definition, Queue Definition
transitioning from ALTQ to priority and queuing system, Transitioning from ALTQ to Priorities and Queues
tying queues into rule set, Queue Definition
high-latency value, Rule Set Optimization
host command, A Minimal Rule Set, Checking Your Rules, Testing Your Rule Set
hostapd command, An OpenBSD WPA Access Point
hostnames, Testing Your Rule Set
HTTP, A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside: Routable IPv4 Addresses, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd, Setting Up an Adaptive Firewall
fetching list data via, Setting Up spamd in Blacklisting Mode
NetFlow data collection, NetFlow Data Collecting, Reporting, and Analysis
HTTPS, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd

I

IBM Christmas Tree EXEC worm, Your Network: High Performance, Low Maintenance, and Secure
ICMP, If We Must: ftp-proxy with Divert or Redirect, Path MTU Discovery, Queue Definition, Queue Definition
bandwidth allocation, Queue Definition
letting pass unconditionally, Making Your Network Troubleshooting-Friendly
letting pass while stopping probes from elsewhere, The Easy Way Out: The Buck Stops Here
path MTU discovery, Helping traceroute
ICMP6, Making Your Network Troubleshooting-Friendly
letting pass unconditionally, Making Your Network Troubleshooting-Friendly
letting pass while stopping probes from elsewhere, The Easy Way Out: The Buck Stops Here
path MTU discovery, Path MTU Discovery
if-bound policy, Block Policy
ifconfig command, A Little IEEE 802.11 Background, FreeBSD Setup, Tracking Your Real Mail Connections: spamlogd, Redundancy and Failover: CARP and pfsync
bridge setup, Basic Bridge Setup on OpenBSD
interface groups, Back to the Single NATed Network
logging, Logging to Several pflog Interfaces, Collecting NetFlow Data with pflow(4)
MTU, Helping traceroute
redundancy and resource availability, The Project Specification: A Redundant Pair of Gateways, CARP for Load Balancing
running status of interfaces, Setting Up a Gateway
wireless networks, Setting Up a Simple Wireless Network, OpenBSD Setup
ifstated interface state daemon, Putting Together a Rule Set
if_bridge module, Basic Bridge Setup on OpenBSD
ILOVEYOU worm, Your Network: High Performance, Low Maintenance, and Secure
inserts statistic, Displaying Information About Your System
interface groups, Back to the Single NATed Network
Interface Stats statistics, Displaying Information About Your System
interval value, State Policy
IP-based load balancing, Putting Together a Rule Set
IPFilter subsystem, The Rise of PF, The Rise of PF, The Rise of PF, Can you recommend a GUI tool for managing my PF rule set?
IPsec
filtering on encapsulation interfaces, Access Points with Three or More Interfaces, Access Points with Three or More Interfaces
state synchronization, Keeping States Synchronized: Adding pfsync
with UDP key exchange, Access Points with Three or More Interfaces
IPv4, Displaying Information About Your System
network address translation, Network Address Translation vs. IPv6, The Access Point’s PF Rule Set
nonroutable addresses, The Bridge Rule Set
establishing global rules, The Bridge Rule Set
restructuring rule set with anchors, The Bridge Rule Set
packet forwarding, Setting Up a Gateway
routable addresses, Setting Up a Gateway, A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside: Routable IPv4 Addresses
DMZ, A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside: Routable IPv4 Addresses
load balancing with redirection, Sharing the Load: Redirecting to a Pool of Addresses
load balancing with relayd, Sharing the Load: Redirecting to a Pool of Addresses
wireless networks, Setting Up a Simple Wireless Network, The Access Point’s PF Rule Set, FreeBSD Setup
IPv6, Displaying Information About Your System, Setting Up a Gateway, If We Must: ftp-proxy with Divert or Redirect, Path MTU Discovery, A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside: Routable IPv4 Addresses, A Degree of Separation: Introducing the DMZ, Sharing the Load: Redirecting to a Pool of Addresses, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd, DMZ with NAT
NAT versus, Network Address Translation vs. IPv6
release of, Network Address Translation vs. IPv6
wireless networks, Setting Up a Simple Wireless Network, The Access Point’s PF Rule Set, OpenBSD Setup

K

KAME project, Network Address Translation vs. IPv6, Network Address Translation vs. IPv6
keep state flags S/SA rule, A Minimal Rule Set
keep state rules, Setting Up PF on NetBSD, A Minimal Rule Set, Reloading the Rule Set and Looking for Errors, A Simple Gateway, A Simple Gateway, Path MTU Discovery, A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside: Routable IPv4 Addresses, State Policy
kernel memory, Timeouts
Knight, Joel, SNMP Tools and PF-Related SNMP MIBs

L

labels, Logging to syslog, Local or Remote
leaf queues, Queue Definition
limit option, Timeouts
linkshare value, Queue Definition
Linux
BSD versus, If You Came from Elsewhere
network interface naming conventions, If You Came from Elsewhere
porting PF to Linux machines, Pointers for Linux Users
lists
defined, A Minimal Rule Set
usefulness of, A Stricter Baseline Rule Set
load balancing
CARP for, Putting Together a Rule Set
load-balancing mode, CARP for Load Balancing
setting up, CARP for Load Balancing
redirection for
NAT, DMZ with NAT
routable IPv4 addresses, Sharing the Load: Redirecting to a Pool of Addresses
synproxy state option, A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside: Routable IPv4 Addresses
with relayd daemon, Sharing the Load: Redirecting to a Pool of Addresses
log (all) clause, Logging the Packet’s Path Through Your Rule Set: log (matches)
log (matches) clause, PF Logs: The Basics
log keyword, PF Logs: The Basics, Logging to Several pflog Interfaces
logger option, Logging to syslog, Local or Remote
logging, Logging, Monitoring, and Statistics
all packets, Logging the Packet’s Path Through Your Rule Set: log (matches)
basic concepts, PF Logs: The Basics
graphing traffic with pfstat, Keeping an Eye on Things with systat
legal implications of, Logging All Packets: log (all)
monitoring with pftop, Keeping an Eye on Things with systat
monitoring with systat, Tracking Statistics for Each Rule with Labels
NetFlow data collection, Collecting NetFlow Data with pflow(4)
flowd collector daemon, Setting Up the NetFlow Sensor
pfflowd tool, NetFlow Data Collecting, Reporting, and Analysis
setting up sensor, Collecting NetFlow Data with pflow(4)
packet path through rule set, PF Logs: The Basics
SNMP tools and MIBs, NetFlow Data Collecting, Reporting, and Analysis
to several pflog interfaces, Logging to Several pflog Interfaces
to syslog, Logging to Several pflog Interfaces
tracking statistics for each rule with labels, Logging to syslog, Local or Remote
logical NOT (!) operator, Tables Make Your Life Easier

M

MAC addresses
bridges, Basic Bridge Setup on OpenBSD
filtering, A Little IEEE 802.11 Background, A Little IEEE 802.11 Background, Guarding Your Wireless Network with authpf
IP-based load balancing, Putting Together a Rule Set
Mac OS X, Your Network: High Performance, Low Maintenance, and Secure
macros
defined, A Minimal Rule Set
defining, A Minimal Rule Set
defining local network, Network Address Translation vs. IPv6
expanding into separate rules, A Stricter Baseline Rule Set
usefulness of, Slightly Stricter: Using Lists and Macros for Readability
mail servers
NAT, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd
routable IPv4 addresses, A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside: Routable IPv4 Addresses
mail-in/mail-out labels, Tracking Statistics for Each Rule with Labels
man pages, I heard PF is based on IPFilter, which I know from working with Solaris. Can I just copy my IPFilter configuration across and have a working setup right away?
management information bases (MIBs), NetFlow Data Collecting, Reporting, and Analysis
match rules, Setting Up a Gateway
debugging, Debugging Your Rule Set
load balancing, Sharing the Load: Redirecting to a Pool of Addresses, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd, Back to the Single NATed Network
logging, PF Logs: The Basics
packet normalization, Fragment Reassembly
spam, Setting Up spamd in Blacklisting Mode
tags, Filtering on Interface Groups
traffic shaping, Shaping by Setting Traffic Priorities, The Two-Priority Speedup Trick, Queue Definition, Queue Definition, The DMZ Network, Now with Traffic Shaping, Transitioning from ALTQ to Priorities and Queues, Directing Traffic with ALTQ, Using ALTQ Priority Queues to Improve Performance, Queue Definition
wireless networks, The Access Point’s PF Rule Set
max state-tracking option, Setting Up an Adaptive Firewall
max-src-conn state-tracking option, Setting Up an Adaptive Firewall
max-src-conn-rate state-tracking option, Setting Up an Adaptive Firewall
McBride, Ryan, The Rise of PF
mekmitasdigoat passphrase, Setting Up Network Interfaces with ifconfig, Setting Up Network Interfaces with ifconfig
MIBs (management information bases), NetFlow Data Collecting, Reporting, and Analysis
Miller, Damien, NetFlow Data Collecting, Reporting, and Analysis, NetFlow Data Collecting, Reporting, and Analysis
Morris worm, Your Network: High Performance, Low Maintenance, and Secure

N

NAT (network address translation), Setting Up a Gateway, A Degree of Separation: Introducing the DMZ, Sharing the Load: Redirecting to a Pool of Addresses, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd, Logging the Packet’s Path Through Your Rule Set: log (matches)
IPv6 versus, Network Address Translation vs. IPv6
release of, Network Address Translation vs. IPv6
wireless networks, The Access Point’s PF Rule Set, A Basic Authenticating Gateway
nat rule, Setting Up a Gateway
nat-to keyword, Setting Up a Gateway, The Access Point’s PF Rule Set, DMZ with NAT, Back to the Single NATed Network, Using a match Rule for Queue Assignment, PF Logs: The Basics
neighbradv (neighbor advertisements), Path MTU Discovery
neighbrsol (neighbor solicitations), Path MTU Discovery
net-snmp package, SNMP Tools and PF-Related SNMP MIBs
NetBSD, Your Network: High Performance, Low Maintenance, and Secure, The Rise of PF
bridge setup, Basic Bridge Setup on FreeBSD
configuring wireless interface, Setting Up a Simple Wireless Network
online resources, Sample Configurations and Related Musings
setting up ALTQ framework on, ALTQ on FreeBSD
setting up PF on, Setting Up PF on FreeBSD
spamd spam-deferral daemon, Network-Level Behavior Analysis and Blacklisting
NetFlow, Collecting NetFlow Data with pflow(4)
collectors
choosing, NetFlow Data Collecting, Reporting, and Analysis
defined, Collecting NetFlow Data with pflow(4)
data collection with pfflowd, NetFlow Data Collecting, Reporting, and Analysis
flow-tools program, Setting Up the NetFlow Sensor
flowd collector daemon, Setting Up the NetFlow Sensor
nfdump program, Setting Up the NetFlow Sensor
sensors
defined, Collecting NetFlow Data with pflow(4)
setting up, Collecting NetFlow Data with pflow(4)
network address translation (NAT), Setting Up a Gateway, A Degree of Separation: Introducing the DMZ, Sharing the Load: Redirecting to a Pool of Addresses, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd, Logging the Packet’s Path Through Your Rule Set: log (matches)
IPv6 versus, Network Address Translation vs. IPv6
release of, Network Address Translation vs. IPv6
wireless networks, The Access Point’s PF Rule Set, A Basic Authenticating Gateway
nfdump tool, Setting Up the NetFlow Sensor
nixspam blacklist, Spam-Fighting Tips
no-sync option, Putting Together a Rule Set
nohup command, Logging to syslog, Local or Remote
NTP, Setting Up a Gateway
nwid parameter, Setting Up a Simple Wireless Network, OpenBSD Setup
nwkey parameter, Setting Up a Simple Wireless Network, OpenBSD Setup

O

oldqueue keyword, Transitioning from ALTQ to Priorities and Queues
OpenBSD
approach to security, Your Network: High Performance, Low Maintenance, and Secure, Your Network: High Performance, Low Maintenance, and Secure
bridge setup, Basic Bridge Setup on OpenBSD
configuration files, Pointers for Linux Users
configuring wireless interface, Setting Up a Simple Wireless Network
history of, Your Network: High Performance, Low Maintenance, and Secure
purchasing, BSD and Networking Books
setting up ALTQ framework on, priq
setting up PF on, The First Step: Enabling PF, The First Step: Enabling PF
wireless network setup, OpenBSD Setup
WPA access points, Setting Up a Simple Wireless Network
operating system-based queue assignments
ALTQ framework, Overloading to a Tiny Queue
priority and queuing system, Overloading to a Tiny Queue
optimization option, Rule Set Optimization
overload option, Setting Up an Adaptive Firewall
ALTQ framework, Queuing for Servers in a DMZ
priority and queuing system, The DMZ Network, Now with Traffic Shaping

P

Packet Filter subsystem (see PF (Packet Filter) subsystem)
packet forwarding, Setting Up a Gateway
packet tagging, Filtering on Interface Groups
packet-filtering gateways, Into the Real World
FTP, That Sad Old FTP Thing
ftp-proxy with diversion or redirection, If We Must: ftp-proxy with Divert or Redirect
variations on ftp-proxy setup, If We Must: ftp-proxy with Divert or Redirect
simple, Into the Real World, A Simple Gateway
defining local network, Network Address Translation vs. IPv6
in/out rules, A Simple Gateway
NAT versus IPv6, Network Address Translation vs. IPv6
setting up, Network Address Translation vs. IPv6
testing rule set, Testing Your Rule Set
tables, Tables Make Your Life Easier
troubleshooting-friendly networks, If We Must: ftp-proxy with Divert or Redirect
letting ICMP pass, Making Your Network Troubleshooting-Friendly
path MTU discovery, Helping traceroute
ping command, The Easy Way Out: The Buck Stops Here
traceroute command, Helping traceroute
Packets In/Out statistics, Displaying Information About Your System
pass all rule, Setting Up PF on FreeBSD, Checking Your Rules
pass in rule, A Simple Gateway, Setting Up a Gateway
pass out rule, Setting Up PF on NetBSD, Keep It Simple: Avoid the Pitfalls of in, out, and on
passtime value, Setting Up spamd in Greylisting Mode
path MTU (maximum transmission unit) discovery, Making Your Network Troubleshooting-Friendly, Helping traceroute
PF (Packet Filter) subsystem, Building the Network you Need
displaying system information, Checking Your Rules
history of, The Rise of PF
IPFilter configuration compatibility, The Rise of PF, Can you recommend a GUI tool for managing my PF rule set?
migrating from other systems, If You Came from Elsewhere
copying across IPFilter configuration to OpenBSD, Can you recommend a GUI tool for managing my PF rule set?
Linux versus BSD, If You Came from Elsewhere
porting to Linux machines, Pointers for Linux Users
rule syntax changes, I heard PF is based on IPFilter, which I know from working with Solaris. Can I just copy my IPFilter configuration across and have a working setup right away?
tools for configuration file management, Pointers for Linux Users
tools for converting network setups, Can you recommend a GUI tool for managing my PF rule set?
performance improvements, The Rise of PF
purpose and function of, Your Network: High Performance, Low Maintenance, and Secure
rule set configuration
simple, Setting Up PF on NetBSD
stricter, A Minimal Rule Set
setting up, The First Step: Enabling PF
on FreeBSD, Setting Up PF on OpenBSD
on NetBSD, Setting Up PF on FreeBSD
on OpenBSD, The First Step: Enabling PF
wireless access point rule set, A FreeBSD WPA Access Point
pfctl command-line administration tool, PF Configuration Basics
debug level, Debug
disabling PF, The First Step: Enabling PF, Debugging Your Rule Set
displaying system information, Checking Your Rules, Timeouts
displaying verbose output, A Stricter Baseline Rule Set
enabling PF, The First Step: Enabling PF, Setting Up PF on OpenBSD
expiring table entries, Setting Up an Adaptive Firewall
fetching periodic data, Tracking Statistics for Each Rule with Labels
flushing existing rules, Checking Your Rules
list current contents of anchors, Restructuring Your Rule Set with Anchors
load rules into anchors, Restructuring Your Rule Set with Anchors
manipulating anchor contents, Restructuring Your Rule Set with Anchors
memory pool information, Limits
parsing rules without loading, Reloading the Rule Set and Looking for Errors
traffic tracking totals on per-rule basis, Logging to syslog, Local or Remote
viewing rule numbers and debug information, Debugging Your Rule Set
pfflowd tool, NetFlow Data Collecting, Reporting, and Analysis
pflogd logging daemon, PF Logs: The Basics
logging to several interfaces, Logging to Several pflog Interfaces
logging to syslog, Logging to syslog, Local or Remote
pflow(4) interface, Collecting NetFlow Data with pflow(4)
data collecting, reporting, and analysis, Setting Up the NetFlow Sensor
setting up sensor, Collecting NetFlow Data with pflow(4)
pfSense, Can you recommend a GUI tool for managing my PF rule set?
pfstat command, Keeping an Eye on Things with systat, Graphing Your Traffic with pfstat
pfsync protocol, Setting Up Network Interfaces with ifconfig
pftop command
traffic monitoring, Keeping an Eye on Things with systat, Keeping an Eye on Things with systat
pf_rules= setting, Setting Up PF on OpenBSD
ping command, The Easy Way Out: The Buck Stops Here
ping of death bug, Making Your Network Troubleshooting-Friendly
ping6 command, The Easy Way Out: The Buck Stops Here
PPP, Setting Up a Gateway
PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE), Setting Up a Gateway
prio keyword, Shaping by Setting Traffic Priorities
priority and queuing system, Traffic Shaping with Queues and Priorities
handling unwanted traffic, The DMZ Network, Now with Traffic Shaping
operating system-based queue assignments, Overloading to a Tiny Queue
overloading to tiny queues, The DMZ Network, Now with Traffic Shaping
queues for bandwidth allocation, The Two-Priority Speedup Trick
DMZ network with traffic shaping, Rule Set
fixed, The HFSC Algorithm
flexible, Rule Set
HFSC algorithm, The HFSC Algorithm
setting traffic priorities, Shaping by Setting Traffic Priorities
assigning two priorities, The prio Priority Scheme
prio priority scheme, Shaping by Setting Traffic Priorities
transitioning from ALTQ to, Overloading to a Tiny Queue
priq (priority) queues, Overloading to a Tiny Queue, Directing Traffic with ALTQ
match rule for queue assignment, Using ALTQ Priority Queues to Improve Performance
performance improvement, ALTQ on FreeBSD
proactive defense, Turning the Tables for Proactive Defense
spam, Giving Spammers a Hard Time with spamd
blacklisting, Giving Spammers a Hard Time with spamd
compensating for unusual situations, Keeping spamd Greylists in Sync
content filtering, Giving Spammers a Hard Time with spamd
detecting out-of-order MX use, Keeping spamd Greylists in Sync
greylisting, Greylisting: My Admin Told Me Not to Talk to Strangers
greytrapping, Tracking Your Real Mail Connections: spamlogd
list management with spamdb, Greytrapping
tips for fighting, Spam-Fighting Tips
updating whitelists, Greylisting in Practice
SSH brute-force attacks, Turning Away the Brutes
defined, Turning Away the Brutes
expiring tables using pfctl, Setting Up an Adaptive Firewall
overview, Turning Away the Brutes
setting up adaptive firewalls, Setting Up an Adaptive Firewall

Q

qlimit value, Rule Set, Queue Definition
queue-scheduler algorithms (disciplines), Directing Traffic with ALTQ
class-based bandwidth allocation, Transitioning from ALTQ to Priorities and Queues, priq
queue definition, Class-Based Bandwidth Allocation for Small Networks
tying queues into rule set, Queue Definition
HFSC algorithm, The HFSC Algorithm, Rule Set, Transitioning from ALTQ to Priorities and Queues
queue definition, Queue Definition
tying queues into rule set, Queue Definition
priority-based queues, Overloading to a Tiny Queue, Directing Traffic with ALTQ
match rule for queue assignment, Using ALTQ Priority Queues to Improve Performance
performance improvement, ALTQ on FreeBSD
queues, Traffic Shaping with Queues and Priorities
(see also priority and queuing system)
for bandwidth allocation, The Two-Priority Speedup Trick
DMZ network with traffic shaping, Rule Set
fixed, The HFSC Algorithm
flexible, Rule Set
HFSC algorithm, The HFSC Algorithm
handling unwanted traffic
overloading to tiny queues, The DMZ Network, Now with Traffic Shaping
queue assignments based on operating system fingerprint, Overloading to a Tiny Queue
quick rules, Setting Up a Gateway, Rule Set Optimization, Debugging Your Rule Set

R

random early detection (RED), Using ALTQ Priority Queues to Improve Performance
random option, Sharing the Load: Redirecting to a Pool of Addresses
rc script, Setting Up PF on OpenBSD, Setting Up a Gateway
rdr-anchor anchor, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd
rdr-to keyword, If We Must: ftp-proxy with Divert or Redirect, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd, A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside—The NAT Version, Back to the Single NATed Network, Setting Up spamd in Blacklisting Mode, PF Logs: The Basics
realtime value, Queue Definition
reassemble option, Rule Set Optimization
RED (random early detection), Using ALTQ Priority Queues to Improve Performance
redirection
for load balancing
NAT, DMZ with NAT
routable IPv4 addresses, Sharing the Load: Redirecting to a Pool of Addresses
FTP, If We Must: ftp-proxy with Divert or Redirect
public networks, A Basic Authenticating Gateway
with relayd daemon, Sharing the Load: Redirecting to a Pool of Addresses
redundancy and resource availability, Redundancy and Resource Availability
failover
CARP, The Project Specification: A Redundant Pair of Gateways
pfsync protocol, Setting Up Network Interfaces with ifconfig
rule set, Keeping States Synchronized: Adding pfsync
load balancing, Putting Together a Rule Set
CARP in load-balancing mode, CARP for Load Balancing
setting up CARP, CARP for Load Balancing
redundant pair of gateways, Redundancy and Failover: CARP and pfsync, The Project Specification: A Redundant Pair of Gateways
Reed, Darren, The Rise of PF
relayctl administration program, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd
relayd daemon, Sharing the Load: Redirecting to a Pool of Addresses, Sharing the Load: Redirecting to a Pool of Addresses
CARP, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd
checking configuration before starting, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd
checking interval, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd
HTTP, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd
SSL, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd
relays, Sharing the Load: Redirecting to a Pool of Addresses
removals statistic, Displaying Information About Your System
return value, Things You Can Tweak and What You Probably Should Leave Alone
round-robin option, Sharing the Load: Redirecting to a Pool of Addresses
routeradv (router advertisements), Path MTU Discovery
routersol (router solicitations), Path MTU Discovery
rtadvd daemon, The Access Point’s PF Rule Set
rtsol command, OpenBSD Setup, FreeBSD Setup
rule sets
atomic rule set load, Reloading the Rule Set and Looking for Errors
bridges, Basic Bridge Setup on NetBSD
defined, PF Configuration Basics
evaluation of, A Minimal Rule Set
queues for bandwidth allocation
fixed, Queue Definition
flexible, Queue Definition
restructuring with anchors, The Bridge Rule Set
simple, Setting Up PF on NetBSD
overview, Setting Up PF on NetBSD
testing, A Minimal Rule Set
stricter, A Minimal Rule Set
checking rules, Reloading the Rule Set and Looking for Errors
overview, Slightly Stricter: Using Lists and Macros for Readability
reloading and looking for errors, A Stricter Baseline Rule Set
testing, Checking Your Rules
using domain names and hostnames in, Testing Your Rule Set
wireless access point, A FreeBSD WPA Access Point
writing to default deny, A Minimal Rule Set
ruleset-optimization option, Debug

S

sample configurations, General Networking and BSD Resources on the Internet
satellite value, Rule Set Optimization
SCP, That Sad Old FTP Thing, Queue Definition, Class-Based Bandwidth Allocation for Small Networks
scrub keyword
fragment reassembly options, Rule Set Optimization
packet normalization, Fragment Reassembly
Secure Shell (see SSH)
self keyword, Setting Up a Gateway
Sender Policy Framework (SPF) records, Handling Sites That Do Not Play Well with Greylisting, Handling Sites That Do Not Play Well with Greylisting
set skip on lo rule, Setting Up PF on OpenBSD, Setting Up PF on FreeBSD
SFTP, That Sad Old FTP Thing
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), NetFlow Data Collecting, Reporting, and Analysis, NetFlow Data Collecting, Reporting, and Analysis
skip option, Block Policy
SMTP, Checking Your Rules, A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside: Routable IPv4 Addresses, Turning the Tables for Proactive Defense, Giving Spammers a Hard Time with spamd, Greylisting in Practice, Keeping spamd Greylists in Sync, PF Logs: The Basics
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), NetFlow Data Collecting, Reporting, and Analysis, NetFlow Data Collecting, Reporting, and Analysis
Solaris, Can you recommend a GUI tool for managing my PF rule set?
spam, Giving Spammers a Hard Time with spamd
blacklisting, Giving Spammers a Hard Time with spamd, Network-Level Behavior Analysis and Blacklisting
content filtering, Giving Spammers a Hard Time with spamd
detecting out-of-order MX use, Keeping spamd Greylists in Sync
greylisting
compensating for unusual situations, Keeping spamd Greylists in Sync
defined, Greylisting: My Admin Told Me Not to Talk to Strangers
function of, Setting Up spamd in Greylisting Mode
in practice, Setting Up spamd in Greylisting Mode
setting up, Greylisting: My Admin Told Me Not to Talk to Strangers, Setting Up spamd in Greylisting Mode
greytrapping, Tracking Your Real Mail Connections: spamlogd
list management, Greytrapping
keeping greylists in sync, Updating Lists
updating lists, Greytrapping
logging, Setting Up spamd in Blacklisting Mode
stuttering, Giving Spammers a Hard Time with spamd
tarpitting, Giving Spammers a Hard Time with spamd
tips for fighting, Spam-Fighting Tips
updating whitelists, Greylisting in Practice
SpamAssassin, Giving Spammers a Hard Time with spamd
spamd spam-deferral daemon, Setting Up PF on OpenBSD, Giving Spammers a Hard Time with spamd
blacklisting, setting up, Network-Level Behavior Analysis and Blacklisting
detecting out-of-order MX use, Keeping spamd Greylists in Sync
greylisting, Greylisting: My Admin Told Me Not to Talk to Strangers
compensating for unusual situations, Keeping spamd Greylists in Sync
defined, Greylisting: My Admin Told Me Not to Talk to Strangers
function of, Setting Up spamd in Greylisting Mode
in practice, Setting Up spamd in Greylisting Mode
setting up, Greylisting: My Admin Told Me Not to Talk to Strangers, Setting Up spamd in Greylisting Mode
greytrapping, Tracking Your Real Mail Connections: spamlogd
list management with spamdb, Greytrapping
keeping greylists in sync, Updating Lists
updating lists, Greytrapping
logging, Setting Up spamd in Blacklisting Mode
online resources, BSD and Networking Books
updating whitelist, Greylisting in Practice
spamdb tool
adding/deleting whitelist entries, Greytrapping
greylisting, Greylisting: My Admin Told Me Not to Talk to Strangers, Greytrapping
keeping lists in sync, Updating Lists
updating lists, Greytrapping
greytrapping, Greytrapping
adding to list, Greytrapping
deleting from list, Updating Lists
spamlogd whitelist updater, Greylisting in Practice, Logging to Several pflog Interfaces
SPF (Sender Policy Framework) records, Handling Sites That Do Not Play Well with Greylisting, Handling Sites That Do Not Play Well with Greylisting
spoofing, Packet Normalization with scrub: OpenBSD 4.6 Onward, Packet Normalization with scrub: OpenBSD 4.6 Onward
SSH (Secure Shell), Setting Up a Gateway, WPA, Putting Together a Rule Set
authpf program, Guarding Your Wireless Network with authpf
bandwidth allocation, Queue Definition, Class-Based Bandwidth Allocation for Small Networks
brute-force attacks, Turning Away the Brutes
defined, Turning Away the Brutes
expiring tables using pfctl, Setting Up an Adaptive Firewall
overview, Turning Away the Brutes
setting up adaptive firewalls, Setting Up an Adaptive Firewall
traffic prioritizing, Shaping by Setting Traffic Priorities
VPNs, Access Points with Three or More Interfaces
SSL encryption, WPA, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd
state defaults, Setting Up the NetFlow Sensor, State Policy
State Table statistics, Displaying Information About Your System
state tables, Checking Your Rules, NetFlow Data Collecting, Reporting, and Analysis, Block Policy
defined, A Minimal Rule Set
logging, Tracking Statistics for Each Rule with Labels, Graphing Your Traffic with pfstat, Graphing Your Traffic with pfstat, Collecting NetFlow Data with pflow(4)
synchronizing, Setting Up Network Interfaces with ifconfig
state-defaults option, State Policy
state-policy option, Block Policy
state-tracking options, Setting Up an Adaptive Firewall
sticky-address option, Sharing the Load: Redirecting to a Pool of Addresses, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd
stuttering, Giving Spammers a Hard Time with spamd
sudo command, The First Step: Enabling PF, Setting Up PF on FreeBSD
symon utility, Graphing Your Traffic with pfstat
SYN-flood attacks, A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside: Routable IPv4 Addresses
sync listeners, Updating Lists
sync targets, Updating Lists
synproxy state option, A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside: Routable IPv4 Addresses
sysctl command, Basic Bridge Setup on OpenBSD, CARP for Load Balancing
setting up CARP, Setting sysctl Values
turning on packet forwarding, Setting Up a Gateway
syslogd logging daemon, Logging to Several pflog Interfaces
systat command
redundancy and resource availability, Keeping States Synchronized: Adding pfsync, Setting Up CARP Load Balancing
traffic monitoring views, Tracking Statistics for Each Rule with Labels, Keeping an Eye on Things with systat
traffic shaping, Rule Set, Using a match Rule for Queue Assignment, Rule Set
system information, displaying, Checking Your Rules

T

tables, Checking Your Rules
(see also state tables)
brute-force attacks, Setting Up an Adaptive Firewall, Setting Up an Adaptive Firewall
expiring table entries, Setting Up an Adaptive Firewall
loading, Tables Make Your Life Easier
manipulating contents of, Tables Make Your Life Easier
naming, Tables Make Your Life Easier
“probation”, Setting Up an Adaptive Firewall
tagged keyword, Filtering on Interface Groups, Basic Bridge Setup on OpenBSD
tags, Filtering on Interface Groups
tarpitting, Giving Spammers a Hard Time with spamd
TCP
ALTQ priority queues, Using ALTQ Priority Queues to Improve Performance
NetFlow data collection, Collecting NetFlow Data with pflow(4), NetFlow Data Collecting, Reporting, and Analysis, NetFlow Data Collecting, Reporting, and Analysis
ports, That Sad Old FTP Thing
protocol handler definitions, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd
strict rule sets, Reloading the Rule Set and Looking for Errors
tcpdump program, Debugging Your Rule Set
two-priority configuration, The prio Priority Scheme
UDP versus, A Stricter Baseline Rule Set
TCP/IP, Your Network: High Performance, Low Maintenance, and Secure
ATLQ, Directing Traffic with ALTQ
bridges, The Power of Tags
FTP, That Sad Old FTP Thing
NetFlow data collection, Collecting NetFlow Data with pflow(4)
network interface configuration, Displaying Information About Your System
packet filtering, Setting Up a Gateway
redundancy and resource availability, Setting Up Network Interfaces with ifconfig
total usable bandwidth, Introducing Queues for Bandwidth Allocation
troubleshooting-friendly networks, If We Must: ftp-proxy with Divert or Redirect, Helping traceroute
wireless networks, A Little IEEE 802.11 Background, Setting Up a Simple Wireless Network, OpenBSD Setup, A Basic Authenticating Gateway
tcpdump program, PF Logs: The Basics, Logging All Packets: log (all), Logging to syslog, Local or Remote, Debugging Your Rule Set
testing, Protecting Against Spoofing with antispoof, Testing Your Setup
timeout option, State Policy
to keyword, A Simple Gateway
traceroute command, The Easy Way Out: The Buck Stops Here
traceroute6 command, The Easy Way Out: The Buck Stops Here
traffic shaping, Traffic Shaping with Queues and Priorities
ALTQ framework, Traffic Shaping with Queues and Priorities, Transitioning from ALTQ to Priorities and Queues
basic ALTQ concepts, Directing Traffic with ALTQ
class-based bandwidth allocation, Class-Based Bandwidth Allocation for Small Networks
handling unwanted traffic, Queuing for Servers in a DMZ
HFSC algorithm, Queue Definition
priority-based queues, ALTQ on FreeBSD
queue-scheduler algorithms, Directing Traffic with ALTQ
queuing for servers in DMZ, Rule Set
setting up, priq
priority and queuing system, Traffic Shaping with Queues and Priorities
handling unwanted traffic, The DMZ Network, Now with Traffic Shaping
queues for bandwidth allocation, The Two-Priority Speedup Trick
setting traffic priorities, Shaping by Setting Traffic Priorities
transitioning from ALTQ to, Overloading to a Tiny Queue
trojans (trojan horses), Your Network: High Performance, Low Maintenance, and Secure
troubleshooting-friendly networks, If We Must: ftp-proxy with Divert or Redirect
letting ICMP pass
unconditionally, Making Your Network Troubleshooting-Friendly
while stopping probes from elsewhere, The Easy Way Out: The Buck Stops Here
path MTU discovery, Helping traceroute
ping command, The Easy Way Out: The Buck Stops Here
traceroute command, Helping traceroute
two-priority configuration, The prio Priority Scheme, Transitioning from ALTQ to Priorities and Queues

U

UDP, Reloading the Rule Set and Looking for Errors, Setting Up a Gateway, Helping traceroute, A Basic Authenticating Gateway, Logging to syslog, Local or Remote
IPsec with UDP key exchange, Access Points with Three or More Interfaces
NetFlow data collection, Collecting NetFlow Data with pflow(4), NetFlow Data Collecting, Reporting, and Analysis
TCP versus, A Stricter Baseline Rule Set
up parameter, Setting Up a Simple Wireless Network, OpenBSD Setup
upperlimit value, Queue Definition
user_ip macro, A Basic Authenticating Gateway

V

verbose output
flowd-reader program, NetFlow Data Collecting, Reporting, and Analysis, NetFlow Data Collecting, Reporting, and Analysis
pfctl administration tool, A Stricter Baseline Rule Set
spamd spam-deferral daemon, Setting Up spamd in Blacklisting Mode, Setting Up spamd in Greylisting Mode
vhid (virtual host ID) parameter, Setting Up Network Interfaces with ifconfig
virtual local area networks (VLANs), A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside: Routable IPv4 Addresses
virtual private networks (VPNs), Access Points with Three or More Interfaces
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP), Redundancy and Failover: CARP and pfsync, Setting Up Network Interfaces with ifconfig
viruses, defined, Your Network: High Performance, Low Maintenance, and Secure
VLANs (virtual local area networks), A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside: Routable IPv4 Addresses
VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol), Shaping by Setting Traffic Priorities
VPNs (virtual private networks), Access Points with Three or More Interfaces
VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol), Redundancy and Failover: CARP and pfsync, Setting Up Network Interfaces with ifconfig

W

web servers
NAT, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd
routable IPv4 addresses, A Web Server and Mail Server on the Inside: Routable IPv4 Addresses, Sharing the Load: Redirecting to a Pool of Addresses, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd, Getting Load Balancing Right with relayd
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy), MAC Address Filtering, FreeBSD Setup
whiteexp value, Setting Up spamd in Greylisting Mode
whitelists, Network-Level Behavior Analysis and Blacklisting, Setting Up spamd in Greylisting Mode
adding/deleting entries, Greytrapping
keeping updated, Greylisting in Practice
Wi-Fi Protected Access (see WPA)
wicontrol command, A Little IEEE 802.11 Background
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), MAC Address Filtering, FreeBSD Setup
wireless networks, Wireless Networks Made Easy, BSD and Networking Books
guarding with authpf, FreeBSD Setup
basic authenticating gateways, Guarding Your Wireless Network with authpf
public networks, A Basic Authenticating Gateway
privacy mechanisms
MAC address filtering, A Little IEEE 802.11 Background
WEP, MAC Address Filtering
WPA, MAC Address Filtering
selecting hardware for, WPA
setting up, WPA
access point PF rule set, A FreeBSD WPA Access Point
access points with three or more interfaces, The Access Point’s PF Rule Set
client side, Access Points with Three or More Interfaces
configuring interface, Setting Up a Simple Wireless Network
FreeBSD setup, FreeBSD Setup
FreeBSD WPA access points, An OpenBSD WPA Access Point
initializing card, WPA
OpenBSD setup, OpenBSD Setup
OpenBSD WPA access points, Setting Up a Simple Wireless Network
VPNs, Access Points with Three or More Interfaces
worms, Your Network: High Performance, Low Maintenance, and Secure, Your Network: High Performance, Low Maintenance, and Secure
WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access), MAC Address Filtering, FreeBSD Setup
FreeBSD access points, An OpenBSD WPA Access Point
OpenBSD access points, Setting Up a Simple Wireless Network
wpakey parameter, OpenBSD Setup
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