Notes

Chapter 1

  1.   1.  Since the 1960s, the proportion of industries in which the top player has led for more than five years has dropped from 77 percent to 44 percent. The graph shows the changing rate at which companies whose total shareholder return is in the top quartile of their industry fade to the mean of their industry. For example, companies that were in the top quartile of their industry in the five years leading to 1990 only dropped around 10 percent back toward the mean in each of the subsequent five years. Whereas companies in the top quartile of their industry in the five years leading to 2010 dropped about 90 percent back toward the mean on average in each of the subsequent five years. We analyzed companies with inflation-adjusted revenue greater than $50 million each year; top and bottom 5 percent of outliers truncated (winsorized) to reduce impact of extreme outliers.

  2.   2.  Yuval Noah Harari, Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind (New York: Harper, 2011).

  3.   3.  Carlota Perez, Technological Revolutions and Financial Capital: The Dynamics of Bubbles and Golden Ages (Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2002).

Chapter 2

  1.   1.  Thomas Suddendorf and Andy Dong, On the Evolution of Imagination and Design, Oxford Handbook of the Development of Imagination (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013).

  2.   2.  K. G. Palepu, T. Khanna, and I. Vargas, “Haier: Taking a Chinese Company Global,” Case 9-706-401 (Boston: Harvard Business School, 2006).

  3.   3.  “A Difference That Makes a Difference: A Conversation with Daniel C. Dennett,” Edge, November 22, 2017, https://www.edge.org/conversation/daniel_c_dennett-a-difference-that-makes-a-difference.

  4.   4.  K. J. Friston, “The Free-Energy Principle: A Unified Brain Theory,” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 11, no. 2 (2010): 127–138.

  5.   5.  Jørgen Vig Knudstorp, interview by BCG Henderson Institute.

  6.   6.  Knudstorp, interview by BCG Henderson Institute.

  7.   7.  Knudstorp, interview by BCG Henderson Institute.

Chapter 3

  1.   1.  Omar Selim, interview by BCG Henderson Institute, London, May 23, 2018.

  2.   2.  William J. Freedman, “Neurodynamic Models of Brain in Psychiatry,” Neuropsychopharmocology 28 (2003): S54–S63 (italics added).

  3.   3.  M. Moldoveanu, “Managing in the Zone of Oblivion,” Rotman Management Magazine, January 1, 2011.

  4.   4.  Roselinde Torres et al., “The Rewards of CEO Reflection,” BCG, June 29, 2017, https://www.bcg.com/publications/2017/leadership-talent-people-organization-rewards-ceo-reflection.

  5.   5.  Selim, interview by BCG Henderson Institute.

  6.   6.  From personal communications, provided courtesy of Winthrop Smith Jr.

  7.   7.  Marco Annunziata, “The Great Cognitive Depression,” Forbes, June 11, 2019, http://www.forbes.com/sites/marcoannunziata/2019/01/11/the-great-cognitive-depression/#34702a5d74c1.

  8.   8.  Shelby Clark, video interview by BCG Henderson Institute, October 30, 2019.

  9.   9.  Taylor Dunn, “Anne Wojcicki, CEO of 23andMe, Shares Advice for Entrepreneurs and Overcoming Setbacks,” ABC News, April 19, 2018, https://abcnews.go.com/Business/anne-wojcicki-ceo-23andme-shares-advice-entrepreneurs-overcoming/story?id=54587273.

  10. 10.  Bill Janeway, interview by BCG Henderson Institute, New York, March 22, 2019.

  11. 11.  Ronald S. Burt, “Structural Holes and Good Ideas,” American Journal of Sociology 110, no. 2 (2004): 379.

  12. 12.  Selim, interview by BCG Henderson Institute.

  13. 13.  Tim O’Reilly, interview by BCG Henderson Institute, Oakland, CA, August 21, 2019.

  14. 14.  Katherine Ellen Foley, “Viagra’s Famously Surprising Origin Story Is Actually a Pretty Common Way to Find New Drugs,” Quartz, September 10, 2017, https://qz.com/1070732/viagras-famously-surprising-origin-story-is-actually-a-pretty-common-way-to-find-new-drugs/.

  15. 15.  “Enid Bissett, Ida Rosenthal, and William Rosenthal: An Uplifting Idea,” Entrepreneur, October 10, 2008, https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/197610.

  16. 16.  John Armstrong, video interview by BCG Henderson Institute, October 22, 2019.

  17. 17.  L. Shulman, “Capitalizing on Anomalies,” BCG Perspective, 1997.

  18. 18.  Shulman, “Capitalizing on Anomalies.”

  19. 19.  Clark, interview by BCG Henderson Institute.

  20. 20.  Janeway, BCG Henderson Institute.

  21. 21.  “The Web@Work: Boston Consulting Group,” Wall Street Journal, July 9, 2001, https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB994635999982547003.

  22. 22.  Janeway, interview by BCG Henderson Institute.

  23. 23.  Janeway, interview by BCG Henderson Institute.

  24. 24.  Jane South, interview by BCG Henderson Institute, New York, January 29, 2020.

  25. 25.  Charlie Rose, “Busy Is the New Stupid,” YouTube, January 10, 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=35sp4S2w9ZI.

Chapter 4

  1.   1.  E. J. Perkins, Wall Street to Main Street: Charles Merrill and Middle-Class Investors (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999).

  2.   2.  From personal communications, provided courtesy of Winthrop Smith Jr.

  3.   3.  Winthrop Smith Jr., video interview by BCG Henderson Institute, September 25, 2020.

  4.   4.  R. Sobel, Dangerous Dreamers: The Financial Innovators from Charles Merrill to Michael Milken (Washington, DC: Beard Books, 2000).

  5.   5.  K. Friston, “The Free-Energy Principle: A Unified Brain Theory?,” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 11 (2010), 127–138.

  6.   6.  Walter J. Freeman, “Neurodynamic Models of Brain in Psychiatry,” Neuropsycopharmacology 28 (2003), S53–S63.

  7.   7.  Anil Seth, “Your Brain Hallucinates Your Conscious Reality,” TED Talk, April 2017, https://www.ted.com/talks/anil_seth_your_brain_hallucinates_your_conscious_reality/transcript.

  8.   8.  Seth, “Your Brain Hallucinates Your Conscious Reality.”

  9.   9.  Susan Hakkarainen, video interview by BCG Henderson Institute, December 10, 2019.

  10. 10.  BCG Henderson Institute, personal correspondence.

  11. 11.  P. Jones, Reading Ovid: Stories from the Metamorphoses (Spain: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 227.

  12. 12.  John Battelle, interview by BCG Henderson Institute, New York, May 2, 2019.

  13. 13.  Alain de Botton, email to BCG Henderson Institute.

  14. 14.  Daniel Gross et al., “Charles Merrill and the Democratization of Stock,” Forbes Greatest Business Stories of All Time (New York: Wiley, 1996).

  15. 15.  John Armstrong, video interview by BCG Henderson Institute, October 22, 2019.

  16. 16.  Quoted in Giovanni Gavetti and Anoop Menon, “Evolution Cum Agency: Toward a Model of Strategic Insight,” Strategy Science 1, no. 3 (2016): 207–233.

  17. 17.  Strategyzer website, https://www.strategyzer.com.

  18. 18.  F. Scott Fitzgerald, “The Crack-Up: A Desolately Frank Document from One for Whom the Salt of Life Has Lost Its Savor,” Esquire, February 1936, 41.

  19. 19.  Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica (1265–1274), “Whether God Exists,” Part 1, Question 2, Article 3.

  20. 20.  M. Tripsas and G. Gavetti, “Capabilities, Cognition, and Inertia: Evidence from Digital Imaging,” Strategic Management Journal 21 (2000): 1147–1161.

  21. 21.  The Polaroid Corporation went bankrupt in 2001, and the brand was sold to multiple companies before being acquired in 2017 by a group of private investors led by Wiaczelaw Smołokowski, who have brought the brand name back, together with the manufacture of instant film and cameras.

  22. 22.  Simon Levin, interview by BCG Henderson Institute, New York, March 15, 2019.

  23. 23.  Levin, interview by BCG Henderson Institute.

Chapter 5

  1.   1.  LEGO Group’s “Developing a Product Leaflet,” 1997, https://www.hilarypagetoys.com/Images/articlestock/article875_Image_Lego1.jpg.

  2.   2.  “LEGO® History: Automatic Binding Bricks,” LEGO.com, https://www.lego.com/en-us/lego-history/automatic-binding-bricks-09d1f76589da4cb48f01685e0dd0aa73.

  3.   3.  Jørgen Vig Knudstorp, interview by BCG Henderson Institute; see also Sara Skakill, “Surprising Discovery about Godtfred Kirk Christiansen Revealed on His 100th Birthday,” LEGO (blog), https://lan.lego.com/news/overview/surprising-discovery-about-godtfred-kirk-christiansen-revealed-on-his-100th-birthday-r265/.

  4.   4.  Shelby Clark, video interview by BCG Henderson Institute, October 30, 2019.

  5.   5.  “BCG, The First 10 Years Remembered, or How BCG Became a Group,” internal presentation, 1974 (unpublished).

  6.   6.  Nina Alnes Haslie, “Strengthening Innovation in Telenor,” UIO Faculty of Social Sciences, August 20, 2018, https://www.sv.uio.no/english/research/applied-knowledge/examples/strengthening-innovation-in-telenor.html?vrtx=tags.

  7.   7.  Clark, interview by BCG Henderson Institute.

  8.   8.  Walter Isaacson, “How Steve Jobs’ Love of Simplicity Fueled a Design Revolution,” Smithsonian Magazine, September 2012.

  9.   9.  “Play-Doh,” National Toy Hall of Fame, Strong National Museum of Play, https://www.toyhalloffame.org/toys/play-doh.

  10. 10.  Liz Gannes, “Ten Years of Google Maps, from Slashdot to Ground Truth,” Vox, February 8, 2015, https://www.vox.com/2015/2/8/11558788/ten-years-of-google-maps-from-slashdot-to-ground-truth.

  11. 11.  Chris Woodford, “History of Cars,” Explain That Stuff!, March 18, 2020, https://www.explainthatstuff.com/historyofcars.html.

  12. 12.  Jane South, interview by BCG Henderson Institute, New York, January 29, 2020.

  13. 13.  “Fascinating Facts You Never Learned in School,” WD-40 website, https://www.wd40.com/history/.

  14. 14.  Steven Ross Pomeroy, “The Key to Science (and Life) Is Being Wrong,” Scientific American, November 13, 2012, https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/the-key-to-science-and-life-is-being-wrong/.

Chapter 6

  1.   1.  Takanori Makiguchi, interview by BCG Henderson Institute, Tokyo, August 1, 2019.

  2.   2.  Makiguchi, interview by BCG Henderson Institute; Recruit Holdings, “Creating Innovation,” n.d., https://recruit-holdings.com/sustainability/people-workplace/management/; Recruit Holdings, Annual Report 2019, https://recruit-holdings.com/who/reports/2019/pdf/ar19_annualreport_en.pdf.

  3.   3.  Reed Stevenson, “This Company Is Japan’s Top Contender for Global Internet Domination,” Bloomberg, February 17, 2019, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-02-17/recruit-is-japan-s-top-contender-for-global-internet-domination.

  4.   4.  ¥78.9 billion. Recruit Holdings, Annual Report 2019.

  5.   5.  Eduard Marbach, video interview by BCG Henderson Institute, May 3, 2019.

  6.   6.  Morclean, “History of the Vacuum Cleaner,” n.d., http://www.morclean.co.uk/History%20of%20the%20Vacuum%20Cleaner.

  7.   7.  Hans-Jörg Schmid, “New Words in the Mind: Concept-Formation and Entrenchment of Neologisms,” Anglia 126, no. 1 (December 2008): 1–36.

  8.   8.  Oxford English Dictionary, online edition

  9.   9.  Friedrich Nietzsche, Daybreak: Thoughts on the Prejudices of Morality, ed. Maudemarie Clark and Brian Leiter; trans. R. J. Hollingdale (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1997).

  10. 10.  W. H. Smith, Catching Lightning in a Bottle: How Merrill Lynch Revolutionized the Financial World (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2013), 197.

  11. 11.  Ushma Patel, “Hasson Brings Real Life into the Lab to Examine Cognitive Processing,” Princeton University, press release, December 5, 2011, https://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/S32/27/76E76/index.xml?section=featured.

  12. 12.  David Phelan, “ ‘On Monday There Is Nothing’: Apple’s Jony Ive on Design and Conflicts in Creativity,” Forbes, November 20, 2018, https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidphelan/2018/11/20/apples-jony-ive-talks-about-the-iphone-design-and-nearly-giving-up/#638517e34117.

  13. 13.  L. Kahney, Jony Ive: The Genius behind Apple’s Greatest Products (London: Penguin, 2013), 117–124.

  14. 14.  “Jony Ive: The Future of Design,” Soundcloud, n.d., https://soundcloud.com/user-175082292/jony-ive-the-future-of-design.

  15. 15.  R. S. Burt, Brokerage and Closure: An Introduction to Social Capital (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007).

  16. 16.  Tim O’Reilly, interview by BCG Henderson Institute, Oakland, CA, August 21, 2019.

  17. 17.  Ronald S. Burt, “Structural Holes and Good Ideas,” American Journal of Sociology 110, no. 2 (2004): 349.

  18. 18.  J. Huizinga, Homo Ludens: A Study of the Play-Element in Culture (Boston: Beacon Press, 1955).

  19. 19.  John Battelle, interview by BCG Henderson Institute, New York, May 2, 2019.

  20. 20.  Battelle, interview by BCG Henderson Institute.

  21. 21.  Gavin Ardley, “The Role of Play in the Philosophy of Plato,” Philosophy 42, no. 161 (1967): 226–244.

  22. 22.  BCG Henderson Institute, survey of businesses in Nordic countries, 2020 (unpublished).

  23. 23.  Jared Cohen, interview by BCG Henderson Institute, New York, May 16, 2019.

  24. 24.  John Bunch, interview by BCG Henderson Institute, Las Vegas, NV, August 22, 2019.

  25. 25.  Anna Winston, “Design Education Is ‘Tragic’ Says Jonathan Ive,” Dezeen, November 13, 2014, https://www.dezeen.com/2014/11/13/design-education-tragic-says-jonathan-ive-apple/.

  26. 26.  Roy Rosin, BCG Henderson Institute, personal communication.

  27. 27.  Mikael Dolsten, interview by BCG Henderson Institute, New York, May 2, 2019.

  28. 28.  Dolsten, interview by BCG Henderson Institute.

Chapter 7

  1.   1.  Commission on Chicago Landmarks, White Castle #16, Landmark Designation Report, City of Chicago, July 7, 2011, https://www.chicago.gov/dam/city/depts/zlup/Historic_Preservation/Publications/White_Castle_Num_16_Report.pdf.

  2.   2.  “White Castle,” Kansapedia, Kansas Historical Society, February 2011, https://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/white-castle/16716.

  3.   3.  Andrew F. Smith, Hamburger: A Global History (Edible) (London: Reaktion Books, 2013).

  4.   4.  Kate Kelly, “White Castle Hamburgers: The Story,” America Comes Alive!, June 15, 2015, https://americacomesalive.com/2015/06/15/white-castle-hamburgers-the-story/.

  5.   5.  Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto, 1848.

  6.   6.  Ralf W. Seifert, “Mi Adidas” Customization Initiative,” Case IMD-159 (Boston: Harvard Business School, 2002).

  7.   7.  Rita Kramer, Maria Montessori: A Biography (New York: Diversion Books, 1988), 90.

  8.   8.  Maria Montessori, The Montessori Method (New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1912), 261, emphasis added, pronoun changed.

  9.   9.  “Montessori Helps Children Reach Their Full Potential in Schools All Around the World,” National Center for Montessori in the Public Sector, https://www.public-montessori.org/montessori/.

  10. 10.  Jeff Bezos, 2016 Letter to Shareholders, Amazon, April 17, 2017, https://blog.aboutamazon.com/company-news/2016-letter-to-shareholders.

  11. 11.  Sam Biddle, “How to Be a Genius: This Is Apple’s Secret Employee Training Manual,” Gizmodo, August 28, 2012, https://gizmodo.com/how-to-be-a-genius-this-is-apples-secret-employee-trai-5938323; personal communication with Apple store employee, October 4, 2019.

  12. 12.  Bill Janeway, interview by BCG Henderson Institute, New York, March 22, 2019.

  13. 13.  Holocracy, “Evolve Your Organization,” n.d., https://www.holacracy.org.

  14. 14.  Martin Reeves, Edzard Wesselink, and Kevin Whitaker, “The End of Bureaucracy, Again?,” BCG, July 27, 2020, https://www.bcg.com/publications/2020/changing-business-environment-pushing-end-to-bureaucracy.

  15. 15.  Isadore Sharp, Four Seasons (New York: Penguin Publishing Group, 2009), 96.

  16. 16.  Phil Charron, “What the Four Seasons Taught Me about Customer Experience,” Think Company, April 20, 2016, https://www.thinkcompany.com/2016/04/what-the-four-seasons-taught-me-about-customer-experience/.

  17. 17.  John Battelle, interview by BCG Henderson Institute, New York, May 2, 2019.

  18. 18.  Martin Reeves et al., “Taming Complexity,” Harvard Business Review, January–February 2020.

  19. 19.  Patty McCord, “How Netflix Reinvented HR,” Harvard Business Review, January–February 2014.

  20. 20.  McCord, “How Netflix Reinvented HR.”

  21. 21.  Netflix, “Rule Creep,” SlideShare, n.d., https://www.slideshare.net/reed2001/culture-1798664/65-Rule_Creep_Bad_processes_tend.

Chapter 8

  1.   1.  “Amazon Acquisitions,” Microacquire, n.d., https://acquiredby.co/amazon-acquisitions/.

  2.   2.  Day One Staff, “2016 Letter to Shareholders,” Amazon blog, April 17, 2017, https://blog.aboutamazon.com/company-news/2016-letter-to-shareholders.

  3.   3.  Jeff Bezos, “2018 Letter to Shareholders,” Amazon blog, April 11, 2019, https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/2018-letter-to-shareholders.

  4.   4.  Charles A. O’Reilly III and Michael L. Tushman, “Organization Ambidexterity: Past, Present and Future,” Academy of Management Perspectives 27, no. 4 (2013).

  5.   5.  BCG Henderson Institute, survey of businesses in Nordic countries, 2020 (unpublished).

  6.   6.  Andre Haddad, video interview by BCG Henderson Institute, May 1, 2019.

  7.   7.  Jared Cohen, interview by BCG Henderson Institute, New York, May 16, 2019.

  8.   8.  Magdalena Priefer, email correspondence with BCG Henderson Institute, January 15, 2020.

  9.   9.  Y. Tsunetsugu, Y. Miyazaki, and H. Sato, “Visual Effects of Interior Design in Actual-Size Living Rooms on Physiological Responses,” Building and Environment 40, no. 10 (2005): 1341–1346.

  10. 10.  Ryan Smith et al., “The Hierarchical Basis of Neurovisceral Integration,” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 75 (2017): 274–296.

  11. 11.  Takanori Makiguchi, interview by BCG Henderson Institute, Tokyo, August 1, 2019.

  12. 12.  Ed Catmull, “How Pixar Fosters Collective Creativity,” Harvard Business Review, September 2008.

  13. 13.  Amazon Jobs, “Leadership Principles,” n.d., https://www.amazon.jobs/en/principles.

  14. 14.  BCG Henderson Institute, personal correspondence, September 28, 2020.

  15. 15.  John Armstrong, video interview by BCG Henderson Institute, October 22, 2019.

  16. 16.  “History of the Devil’s Advocate,” Unam Sanctam Catholicam, n.d., http://www.unamsanctamcatholicam.com/history/79-history/351-devil-s-advocate.html.

  17. 17.  Indra Nooyi, interview by BCG Henderson Institute, April 1, 2014.

  18. 18.  Martin Reeves, Frida Polli, and Gerardo Guitérrez-López, “Strategy, Games, and the Mind,” BCG, March 21, 2018, https://www.bcg.com/publications/2018/strategy-games-mind.aspx.

  19. 19.  Pamela O. Long, “Trading Zones in Early Modern Europe,” Isis 106, no. 4 (2015).

  20. 20.  Ulrich Pidun, Martin Reeves, and Maximillian Schüssler, “Do You Need a Business Ecosystem?,” BCG, September 27, 2019, https://www.bcg.com/publications/2019/do-you-need-business-ecosystem.aspx

  21. 21.  Annabelle Gawer and Michael A. Cusumano, “Industry Platforms and Ecosystem Innovation,” Journal of Product Innovation Management 31, no. 3 (2014): 417–433.

  22. 22.  Jeff Bezos, 2018 Letter to Shareholders, Amazon blog, April 11, 2019, https://blog.aboutamazon.com/company-news/2018-letter-to-shareholders.

  23. 23.  Martin Reeves et al., “Ambidexterity: The Art of Thriving in Complex Environments,” BCG, February 13, 2013, https://www.bcg.com/publications/2013/strategy-growth-ambidexterity-art-thriving-complex-environments.aspx.

  24. 24.  “Dyb.com,” Economist, September 16, 1999, https://www.economist.com/special/1999/09/16/dybcom.

Chapter 9

  1.   1.  Blaise Agüera y Arcas, video interview by BCG Henderson Institute February 10, 2020.

  2.   2.  Mario Klingemann, “The Importance of Being on Twitter,” Twitter, July 18, 2020, https://twitter.com/quasimondo/status/1284509525500989445?s=20.

  3.   3.  Arram Sabeti, “GPT-3: An AI That’s Eerily Good at Writing Almost Anything,” blog, https://arr.am/2020/07/09/gpt-3-an-ai-thats-eerily-good-at-writing-almost-anything/.

  4.   4.  “This Is Speedgate,” AKQA, n.d., https://playspeedgate.org.

  5.   5.  James Vincent, “How Three French Students Used Borrowed Code to Put the First AI Portrait in Christie’s,” Verge, October 23, 2018, https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/23/18013190/ai-art-portrait-auction-christies-belamy-obvious-robbie-barrat-gans.

  6.   6.  Courtesy of Wordsmith by Automated Insights.

  7.   7.  Reuben Yonatan, “15 Ways Companies Use AI to Enhance Their CRMs,” Saaslist, May 5, 2018, https://saaslist.com/blog/ai-enhance-crm/.

  8.   8.  Nicole Martin, “Did a Robot Write This? How AI Is Impacting Journalism,” Forbes, February 8, 2019, https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicolemartin1/2019/02/08/did-a-robot-write-this-how-ai-is-impacting-journalism/#62b131227795.

  9.   9.  Deep Knowledge Analytics, “A Breakthrough in Imaginative AI with Experimental Validation to Accelerate Drug discovery,” news release, September 2, 2019, https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-09/dka-abi090319.php.

  10. 10.  David Pereira, “GPT-3: A Brief Introduction,” Towards Data Science, July 25, 2020, https://towardsdatascience.com/gpt-3-101-a-brief-introduction-5c9d773a2354.

  11. 11.  Gary Marcus and Ernest Davis, “GTP-3, Bloviator: OpenAI’s Language Generator Has No Idea What It’s Talking About,” MIT Technology Review, August 22, 2020, https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/08/22/1007539/gpt3-openai-language-generator-artificial-intelligence-ai-opinion/.

  12. 12.  Justin Weinberg, “Philosophers on GPT-3,” Daily Nous, July 30, 2020, http://dailynous.com/2020/07/30/philosophers-gpt-3/.

  13. 13.  Agüera y Arcas, interview by BCG Henderson Institute.

  14. 14.  We have modified Kai-Fu Lee’s framework by incorporating the empathizing-systematizing distinction developed by psychologist Simon Baron-Cohen, “Autism: The Empathizing-Systematizing (E-S) Theory,” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1156 (2009): 68–80.

  15. 15.  Georg Wittenburg, video interview by BCG Henderson Institute interview, February 23, 2020.

  16. 16.  Matt Windsor, “Artificial Intelligence Software Improves Accuracy, Doubles Speed in Evaluation CT Scan of Advanced Cancer,” University of Alabama News, May 29, 2020, https://www.uab.edu/news/health/item/11348-artificial-intelligence-software-improves-accuracy-doubles-speed-in-evaluating-ct-scans-of-advanced-cancer.

  17. 17.  LILT website, https://lilt.com/translators.

  18. 18.  Bob Goodson, video interview by BCG Henderson Institute, July 15, 2020.

  19. 19.  Kevin McCaney, “DoD Gets Serious about AI and Simulation in Wargaming,” MeriTalk, February 20, 2018, https://www.meritalk.com/articles/dod-gets-serious-about-ai-and-simulation-in-wargaming/.

  20. 20.  Gwern Branwen, “GPT-3 Creative Fiction,” Gwern.net, n.d., https://www.gwern.net/GPT-3#prompts-as-programming.

  21. 21.  “New BCG Office at 10 Hudson Yards Aims to Maximize Casual Collisions,” BCG, press release, January 17, 2017, https://www.bcg.com/press/17january2017-new-bcg-office-ny.

  22. 22.  Isha Salian, “Stroke of Genius: GauGAN Turns Doodles into Stunning, Photorealistic Landscapes,” NVIDIA blog, March 18, 2019, https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2019/03/18/gaugan-photorealistic-landscapes-nvidia-research/.

  23. 23.  Martin Reeves, Gerry Hansell, and Rodolphe Charme di Carlo, “How Vital Companies Think, Act, and Thrive,” BCG, February 12, 2018, https://www.bcg.com/publications/2018/vital-companies-think-act-thrive.aspx.

  24. 24.  Mihnea Moldoveanu, “Intelligent Artificiality: Why ‘AI’ Does Not Live Up to Its Hype—and How to Make It More Useful Than It Currently Is,” The European Business Review, July 26, 2019.

Chapter 10

  1.   1.  Risto Siilasmaa, video interview by BCG Henderson Institute, June 16, 2020.

  2.   2.  Siilasmaa, interview by BCG Henderson Institute.

  3.   3.  Patricia Sellers, “P&G: Teaching an Old Dog New Tricks,” Fortune, May 31, 2004.

  4.   4.  Winthrop Smith Jr., video interview by BCG Henderson Institute, September 25, 2020.

  5.   5.  Risto Siilasmaa, Transforming NOKIA: The Power of Paranoid Optimism to Lead through Colossal Change (New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2019).

  6.   6.  “Nokia CEO Stephen Elop’s ‘Burning Platform’ Memo,” Wall Street Journal, February 9, 2011, https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-TEB-2031.

  7.   7.  Tiger Tyagarajan, video interview by BCG Henderson Institute, August 10, 2020.

  8.   8.  Martin Reeves, Kevin Whitaker, and Saumeet Nanda, “Fractal Strategy: Responding to Covid-19 on Multiple Timescales,” BCG, July 24, 2020, https://www.bcg.com/publications/2020/responding-to-covid-19-on-multiple-timescales.

  9.   9.  Nitin Paranjpe, video interview by BCG Henderson Institute, October 21, 2020.

  10. 10.  Paranjpe, interview by BCG Henderson Institute.

  11. 11.  Paranjpe, interview by BCG Henderson Institute.

  12. 12.  Remedios, “Project Bushfire,” https://web.archive.org/web/20171201081839/http://www.mixprize.org/story/project-bushfire-focussing-might-entire-organization-consumer.

  13. 13.  Martin Reeves, “Algorithms Can Make Your Organization Self-Tuning,” Harvard Business Review, May 2015.

  14. 14.  Martin Reeves, Ming Zeng, and Amin Venjara, “The Self-Tuning Enterprise,” Harvard Business Review, June 2015.

  15. 15.  Risto Siilasmaa, Transforming NOKIA.

  16. 16.  Siilasmaa, interview by BCG Henderson Institute.

  17. 17.  “The Future Has Arrived,” Quote Investigator, https://quoteinvestigator.com/2012/01/24/future-has-arrived/.

  18. 18.  Remedios, “Project Bushfire.”

  19. 19.  William P. Barnett, Mooweon Rhee, and Dongyub Shin, “The Rise of AmorePacific,” Case SM 274 (Palo Alto, CA, Stanford Graduate School of Business, 2017).

  20. 20.  Barnett et al., “The Rise of AmorePacific.”

  21. 21.  Tyagarajan, interview by BCG Henderson Institute.

  22. 22.  Paranjpe, interview by BCG Henderson Institute.

  23. 23.  Paranjpe, interview by BCG Henderson Institute.

  24. 24.  Paranjpe, interview by BCG Henderson Institute.

  25. 25.  Joey Reiman, video interview by BCG Henderson Institute, May 7, 2019.

..................Content has been hidden....................

You can't read the all page of ebook, please click here login for view all page.
Reset
3.135.190.101