VII: Media Use and Effects on Learning and Development
by Fabienne Darling-Wolf, Radhika Parameswaran, Erica Scharrer, Vicki Mayer, Sharon
The International Encyclopedia of Media Studies, 7 Volume Set
- The International Encyclopedia of Media Studies, 7 Volume Set
- Volume I
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Contents of Volume I: Media History and the Foundations of Media Studies
- Full Contents
- Contributors to Volume I
- General Editor's Acknowledgments
- Media Studies
- Introduction
- PART 1: APPROACHES
- PART 2: MOMENTS
- 7: Writing
- 8: The Enlightenment and the Bourgeois Public Sphere (Through the Eyes of a London Merchant-Writer)
- 9: Journalism History: North America
- 10: Journalism History
- Prehistory of Journalism
- The Corresponding Journalism of the Early Press
- The Development of Opinion Journalism
- Commercialization in the Nineteenth Century
- The Professionalization of Journalism
- Between Political Instrumentalization and Technical Innovation: Journalismin the Twentieth Century
- Prospects: Journalism in the Twenty-First Century
- REFERENCES
- 11: Journalism History
- Genealogy of Korean Journalism
- The Birth of the Daily Newspaper: Chobo
- Origins of the Modern Newspaper
- The Long Road to Press Freedom: State Intervention in Journalism
- Media Policies After Democratization
- The Media Policy of Kim Young-Sam (1993–1997)
- Commercialization of Journalism
- Changing Journalists, Changing Audience
- Demystification of Watchdog Journalism: Journalists Running for Political Power
- Changes of Audience: Decline of Newspaper Readership and Evaluation
- Journalism in Digitization: Where to Go?
- History of Journalism Studies in Korea
- Key Issues in Journalism Studies in the 2000s
- Rethinking Press Freedom in Korea
- NOTES
- REFERENCES
- 12: Journalism History
- 13: Communications Networks in the United States
- 14: “Quickening Urgency”
- 15: Photography
- 16: Moving Images
- 17: Sound Histories
- 18: Television
- 19: The Culture Industries
- 20: Advertising and Consumer Culture
- 21: The Rise of the Professional Communicator
- 22: The New World Information and Communication Order
- 23: Text, Translation, and the End of the Unified Press
- 24: Media and Mobility
- PART 3: FOUNDATIONS
- 25: Communication and Democracy
- 26: The Chicago School of Sociology and Mass Communication Research
- 27: Propaganda Studies
- 28: Frankfurt School, Media, and the Culture Industry
- 29: The Rise and Fall of the Limited Effects Model
- 30: The Political Economy of Communication
- 31: Unmasking Class and Tradition
- Introduction
- Some Preliminary Points
- Reading the British Tradition in Cultural Studies
- Re-Narrating Class and Cultural Studies
- Deconstructing Demystification
- Revisiting the Operationalization of the Category of Class
- New Frames of Reference and Affiliation in Cinematic and Literary Production
- Narrating Class and Tradition in the Literary Imagination
- Conclusion: The New Imperatives of Globalization and the Predicament of Cultural Studies
- REFERENCES
- Index
- Volume II
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Contents of Volume II: Media Production
- Full Contents
- Contributors to Volume II
- General Editor's Acknowledgments
- Media Studies
- Making Media Production Visible
- Structure and Agency in Media Production Research
- The Zeitgeist for Media Production
- Production Regimes and Infrastructures
- The Cultural Industries and the Organization of Production
- Product and Content Flows
- Production Work and Practices
- Production Cultures
- The Ethics of Production
- Producing the Field
- NOTES
- REFERENCES
- PART 1: PRODUCTION REGIMES AND INFRASTRUCTURES
- 1: The Governance of Communication and Culture
- 2: Media Production and Information Policy
- Ideological Aspects of Information Policy
- Information Policy and the Balance of Trade
- The Replication of the Celestial Jukebox
- Alternative Tentacles: The Rollout of European Access Controls
- Case Studies: HADOPI and the Digital Economy Act of 2010
- Developing Alternative Models for Information Policy
- Conclusion
- NOTES
- REFERENCES
- FURTHER READING
- 3: The Slippery Slopes of “Soft Power”
- 4: Television-Set Production in the Era of Digital TV
- 5: Citizenship and Media Ownership
- PART 2: THE CULTURAL INDUSTRIES AND THE ORGANIZATION OF PRODUCTION
- PART 3: PRODUCT AND CONTENT FLOWS
- 10: A Critical Analysis of Cultural Imperialism
- 11: Hollywood's Presence in Latin America
- Historical Overview
- The History and Impact of Runaway Productions in Latin America
- The Mexican Film Industry from the Late 1990s to the Present
- The Argentine Film Industry from the Late 1990s to the Present
- SOS (Save Our Screens): Enacting the Screen Quota in Argentina
- Co-Production Between Argentina and Spanish Autonomous Communities, Catalonia and Galicia
- Conclusion
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- NOTE
- REFERENCES
- FURTHER READING
- 12: Global Ugly Betty
- 13: The Comings and Goings of Key Scenarios
- PART 4: PRODUCTION WORK AND PRACTICES
- PART 5: PRODUCTION CULTURES
- PART 6: THE ETHICS OF PRODUCTION
- Index
- Volume III
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Contents of Volume III: Content and Representation
- Full Contents
- Contributors to Volume III
- General Editor's Acknowledgments
- Media Studies
- Technology, Convergence, and Power
- PART 1: PERSUASION AND INFORMATION
- 1: Understanding Hypercommercialized Media Texts
- 2: And Now a Click from Our Sponsors
- 3: Women's Portraits Present in Print Fashion Advertisements
- 4: Marketing Militarism to Moms
- 5: From Second-Wave to Poststructuralist Feminism
- 6: “Honey-Drenched, Rags to Riches, Good versus Evil Stories”
- 7: Changes in the News Representation of Minorities Over the Course of 40 Years of Research
- 8: Is There Local Content on Television for Children Today?
- PART 2: ENTERTAINMENT
- 9: The Evolution of Hollywood Latinidad
- 10: Queer Gazing and the Popular
- 11: Mediated Portrayals of Masculinities
- From Masculinity to Masculinities: Evolving Portrayals in US Media
- Differing Masculinities in the Media
- Hegemonic Masculinity in the Media
- Hypermasculinity in the Media
- Metrosexuals in the Media
- Masculinity and Race
- Masculinity and Class
- Masculinity and Sexual Orientation
- Masculinity and Gender
- Masculinities “Appropriate” for Specific Media
- Masculinities across Media
- Masculinities in Print
- Future Research
- NOTE
- REFERENCES
- 12: Shifting Contours of Indian Womanhood in Popular Hindi Cinema
- 13: Portrayals of Female Scientists in the Mass Media
- Who's Working in the Lab? A Look at the Numbers
- Female Scientists in the Press: Extraordinary but Marginalized Scientist as well as a Good Wife and Mother
- Female Scientists on Television: Moving Away from Marginalization and Subordination to A Lab of Her Own
- Female Scientists on the Big Screen: Competent, Independent, and “Remarkably Beautiful”
- Female Scientists in Cyberspace: Gains in Professional Status Yet Challenges with Bias and Work/Family Balance
- Conclusions
- REFERENCES
- 14: “She's the Real Thing”
- 15: Chinese Cinema at the Millennium
- 16: Violent Content on US Television
- PART 3: INTERACTION AND PERFORMANCE
- 17: Blogging Culture
- 18: Blogging the Third Wave?
- From Suffrage to Blogging: Generations of Feminist Media
- Feminist Media as Citizens' Media
- “Bare Breasts”: Blogging and Collective Action
- Consciousness-Raising 2.0? Blogging against Anorexia
- Micro-Narratives of Motherhood: Politicizing Childbirth and Breastfeeding
- Blogging Citizenship – Doing Feminism: Concluding Remarks
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- NOTES
- REFERENCES
- 19: Videogame Content
- 20: Rethinking Violent Videogame Content
- 21: Transmedial Aesthetics
- 22: Recent Trends in Research on Health Portrayals in the Media
- 23: Canadian (Re)Presentation
- 24: Calypso and the Performance of Representational Politics
- Index
- Volume IV
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Contents to Volume IV: Audience and Interpretation
- Full Contents
- Contributors to Volume IV
- Volume Editor's Acknowledgments
- General Editor's Acknowledgments
- Media Studies
- Studying the Elusive Audience
- PART 1: EXPANDING THE HORIZONS OF AUDIENCE STUDIES
- 1: The Audience in the Graduate Curriculum
- 2: Fostering Surprise and Productive Discomfort in Audience Studies through Multi-Sited Ethnography
- Multi-Sited Ethnography: Possibilities, Problems, and Pleas
- My Project: Multi-Sited? Multilocal? Or Just Multiperspectival?
- The Diffusion, Modification, and Rejection of Borders' Model of Bookselling
- Competing Discourses, Ideologies and Conflicts Concerning Borders' Practices
- Conclusion
- REFERENCES
- FURTHER READING
- 3: Studying Audiences with Sense-Making Methodology
- 4: The Abbreviated Field Experience in Audience Ethnography
- PART 2: PRACTICING REFLEXIVITY IN AND OUT OF THE FIELD
- PART 3: FINDING AND ENGAGING GLOBAL AUDIENCES
- 10: Mythic Viewing
- 11: “Unity in Diversity?”
- 12: A Framework for Audience Study of Transnational Television
- Introduction
- East Asian Pop Culture
- TV Drama Audience
- Domesticating/Preserving the Foreign
- Fragmentary Audience
- Identification Ladder: From Human to Asian
- Distancing/Embracing Difference
- Layers of Audiences
- The Politics of a Transnational Audience
- Pan-East Asian Identity?
- For an Analytic Framework
- Conclusion
- NOTES
- REFERENCES
- 13: Language and Indian Film Audiences
- 14: Watching Telenovelas in Brazil
- 15: China's Media Transformation and Audience Research
- Importation of Foreign Media Products in the 1980s and Early 1990s
- Rapid Media Commercialization in China since 1992
- Global Influences on Chinese Media in the Post-WTO Environment
- Shifts in the Portrayal of a Chinese Audience: From Workers and Citizens to Consumers and Spectators
- Understanding the Implicit and Explicit Audience: Textual Analysis and Ethnography
- Audience Research and New Communication Technologies
- Agenda for Future Audience Research
- Conclusion
- NOTE
- REFERENCES
- FURTHER READING
- 16: Using Ethnography to Understand Everyday Media Practices in Australian Family Life
- PART 4: COMPREHENDING ONLINE AUDIENCES
- PART 5: EMPOWERING AUDIENCES AS CITIZENS
- 21: Health, Culture, and Power
- 22: Participation Beyond Production
- Untangling Activist and Alternative Audiences
- Activists as Transmitters of Information
- The “Disturbing Gulf” between Activist Producers and Audiences
- Current Approaches to Activist Audiences
- Theorizing Activist Audiences as Participants in Ritual
- Contributions of Ritual to Media Research
- Social Limitations of New Activist Media
- Future Directions
- Conclusion
- REFERENCES
- 23: Audiences as Citizens
- Reception Research: Delimiting the Scope of the Analysis
- Stage 1: Hegemonic Citizenship
- Stage 2: Monitorial Citizenship
- Stage 3: Popular Citizenship
- Stage 4: Participatory Citizenship
- Stage 5: Ubiquitous Citizenship
- Audiences as Citizens: A Historical Typology
- Ubiquitous Citizenship: Challenges for Reception Research
- NOTES
- REFERENCES
- FURTHER READING
- 24: Citizenship, Communication, and Modes of Audience Engagement
- Index
- Volume V
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Contents of Volume V: Media Effects/Media Psychology
- Full Contents
- Contributors to Volume V
- Volume Editor's Acknowledgments
- General Editor's Acknowledgments
- Media Studies
- Changes and Continuities in the Media Effects Paradigm
- PART 1: THEORIES AND PROCESSES/PROCESSING
- I: Theories of/about Effects
- 1: Mapping the Psychology of Agenda Setting
- Classic Conceptualizations and Emerging Trends
- An Overview
- Agenda-Setting Effects from Incidental Exposure
- Need for Orientation
- Elaborating the Concept of Relevance
- Knowledge Activation and Agenda Setting
- Consequences for Attitudes and Opinions
- Affective Impact of Visual Information
- Political and Civic Participation
- Conclusion
- REFERENCES
- FURTHER READING
- 2: Cultivation Theory
- Early Criticism
- Can Cultivation Survive the Active Viewer?
- The Cognitive Revolution
- First Order, Second Order, On-Line and Off-Line
- The Final Word on First- and Second-Order Processes?
- Challenges for Cultivation Theory in the Twenty-First Century: From a Psychological to a Sociological Revolution?
- The Final Challenge: Toward a Sociology of Cultivation?
- REFERENCES
- FURTHER READING
- 3: Framing and Priming Effects
- 4: Examining Media Effects
- 5: Perceptions of Media and Media Effects
- 1: Mapping the Psychology of Agenda Setting
- II: Internal Mechanisms: Enjoyment, Appeal, and Physiological Response
- 6: Uses and Gratifications
- 7: Media Entertainment as a Result of Recreation and Psychological Growth
- 8: Selective Exposure to Violent Media
- The Appeal of Media Violence
- Selective Exposure
- What is Media Violence?
- Excitation and Affect-Based Approaches
- Functional Approaches
- Personality Factors
- Social Factors Influencing Interest in Media Violence
- Understanding Interest in Media Violence: Some Tentative Conclusions
- REFERENCES
- FURTHER READING
- 9: Media Message Processing and the Embodied Mind
- 10: Thoughtless Vigilantes
- Viewing Video Violence
- Research and Social Concerns upon the Introduction of Television
- The Five Principal US Commissions
- Correlational Research
- Special-Case Correlational Research
- Behavioral to Neurological – Connections
- Beginnings of Brainmapping
- Exploring the Prefrontal Cortex
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- REFERENCES
- FURTHER READING
- I: Theories of/about Effects
- PART 2: EVIDENCE OF EFFECTS
- III: On Views of Self, Others, and Events
- IV: On Personal Health and Social Well-Being
- 15: Understanding the Role of Cognition and Media in Body Image Disturbance and Weight Bias in Children, Adolescents, and Adults
- Media and Body Size and Shape
- Relevant Background and Earlier Work in the Discipline
- Sports Media Exposure and Sports Participation
- Broader Contextualization of Relevant Factors: Body Image and Individual, Social, and Mediated Factors
- Theoretical Perspectives
- Other Body Image Outcomes: Anti-Fat Bias and Obesity
- The Role of the Media in the Development of Anti-Fat Bias
- Summary Discussion of Media Exposure and Anti-Fat Bias
- Media and Obesity
- Directions for Future Research
- REFERENCES
- FURTHER READING
- 16: Tracing the Course of Reality TV Effects Research
- 17: Media-Related Fear
- 18: Callous/Malice
- 19: Sex on Television
- 15: Understanding the Role of Cognition and Media in Body Image Disturbance and Weight Bias in Children, Adolescents, and Adults
- V: In the Political Arena
- 20: Political TV Advertising and Debates
- 21: News and Political Entertainment Effects on Democratic Citizenship
- 22: Exploring Relations between Political Entertainment Media and Traditional Political Communication Information Outlets
- The Rise of Political Entertainment
- In the Message is the Mechanism: The Importance of Content
- The Who: The People Watching “The What”
- Effects Mechanisms: Areas of Promise
- Hybridity
- Causes and Characteristics of Hybrid Political Media Environment
- Conclusion: A Bright Future for Effects Research
- NOTE
- REFERENCES
- FURTHER READING
- 23: Digital Democracy
- VI: On/Of Persuasion
- 24: Advances in Public Communication Campaigns
- Studying Public Communication Campaigns
- Campaign Design and Management
- Summative Evaluation of Campaign Effects
- Message Types
- Mediated Communication Channels: Mass and Digital
- Quantitative Dissemination Factors
- Example Campaign Focus: Anti-Drug Campaigns
- Example Campaign Focus: Antismoking Campaigns
- Example Campaign Focus: Risky Drinking Campaigns
- Conclusion
- REFERENCES
- FURTHER READING
- 25: Effects of Social Marketing
- 26: Using Message Framing in Health-Related Persuasion
- 27: The Intended and Unintended Effects of Advertising on Children
- 24: Advances in Public Communication Campaigns
- PART 3: THE YOUNG AUDIENCE
- VII: Media Use and Effects on Learning and Development
- 28: Media Use, Scholastic Achievement, and Attention Span
- Media and Scholastic Achievement: Key Questions
- Preeminence of Television
- Television and Achievement
- Vanishing Relationship
- Curvilinearity
- Attention
- Language and Vocabulary
- Creativity and Imaginative Thinking
- In Search of Explanation
- Displacement
- Interference
- Socialization
- Process
- Looking Ahead
- NOTE
- REFERENCES
- 29: The Educational Impact of Television
- Television as an Educational Tool
- The Task of Watching Television
- Does Television Have an Educational Impact on Infants?
- Preschoolers and Television
- Preschoolers' TV Viewing: A Task Analysis
- Educational Programming
- Beyond the Preschool Years
- How is Educational Television Successful?
- Final Comment
- REFERENCES
- FURTHER READING
- 30: Prosocial TV Content
- Television as a Prosocial Force
- Weak Effects of Unaided Viewing at Home
- Why Might Young Viewers Need Help Interpreting Prosocial Content?
- How are Prosocial Lessons Taught in Television Content?
- The Risks in Modeling Negative Attitudes and Behaviors
- Strategies to Try to Increase Positive Effects
- Adding Explanatory Inserts to Prosocial Content
- Conclusions
- REFERENCES
- FURTHER READING
- 31: The Effects of Internet Communication on Adolescents' Psychosocial Development
- Adolescents and the Internet
- Internet Communication and Psychosocial Development in Adolescence
- Identity, Intimacy, and Five Characteristics of Internet Communication
- Opportunities and Risks of Internet Communication: Empirical Evidence
- Conclusions, Shortcomings, and Future Research
- NOTE
- REFERENCES
- FURTHER READING
- 28: Media Use, Scholastic Achievement, and Attention Span
- VIII: Mediating and Mitigating Effects
- 32: Boom or Boomerang
- 33: The Role of Parental Mediation in the Development of Media Literacy and the Prevention of Substance Use
- Mediation in Homes and Schools
- Parental Mediation and its Effects on Children and Adolescents
- Parental Mediation and Substance Use
- Relationships between Parental Communication and Media Literacy
- Media Literacy and Substance Use
- Integrating Parental Communication, Media Literacy, and Substance Use
- Conclusion
- REFERENCES
- FURTHER READING
- 34: The Impact of Media Policy on Children's Media Exposure
- VII: Media Use and Effects on Learning and Development
- Index
- Volume VI
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Contents to Volume VI: Media Studies Futures
- Full Contents
- Contributors to Volume VI
- General Editor's Acknowledgments
- Media Studies
- Introduction
- Media Studies Futures, Past and Present
- Defining the Media in Media Studies
- Part 1: The Future of Media Studies: Theory, Method, Pedagogy
- Part 2: Social and Mobile Media Futures
- Part 3: Media Industry and Infrastructure Futures
- Part 4: Journalism and Media Policy Futures
- Part 5: Interactivity, Affect, and the Future of Media Subjectivities
- Part 6: Whose Future? Children, Youth Cultures, and Digital Media
- Part 7: What Future? Or, the Unsustainable Present
- NOTES
- REFERENCES
- PART 1: THE FUTURE OF MEDIA STUDIES: THEORY, METHODS, PEDAGOGY
- 1: Media Studies
- 2: In Praise of Concept Production
- 3: Betting on YouTube Futures (for New Media Writing and Publishing)
- Introduction
- Introduction to Blogs 1 and 2 on Teaching the Class
- BLOG 1: Learning from YouTube, 09-07-2007
- BLOG 2: Learning from Learning from YouTube mid-way, 10-29-07
- Conclusions for Blogs 1 and 2
- Introduction to Blogs 3 and 4 on Organizing Course Output and Conclusions
- BLOG 3: YouTube Tour #1: Education, 02-06-08
- BLOG 4: On Video Writing, 11-04-08
- Introduction to Blogs 5–7: On Publishing in the Digital Humanities
- BLOG 5: Digital Humanities, 7-17-09
- BLOG 6: On Publishing My YouTube “Book” Online, 09-24-09
- BLOG 7: Contractual Mayhem: On the Absurdities of Moving from Paper to Digital in Academic Publishing, 06-11-10
- Conclusions Regarding the Shape of What is Missing
- NOTES
- REFERENCES
- 4: Media Visualization
- 5: The Future of Game Studies
- 6: The Study of the Internet in Latin America
- Alejandro Piscitelli: From Cyberculture to Facebook
- The Information Society and the Digital Divide
- Complicating Internet Access Issues in Latin America
- Youth Cybercultures, Citizenship, and Urban Environments
- Cyber-Journalism and Blogging
- Affect and Collective Intelligence
- Analog Researchers, Retrained for the Digital World
- NOTES
- REFERENCES
- PART 2: SOCIAL AND MOBILE MEDIA FUTURES
- 7: The Prehistoric Turn?
- 8: The Waning Distinction Between Private and Public
- The Waning Distinction Between Private and Public: Net Locality and the Restructuring of Space
- When Photography Becomes Cartography
- Making Location Data Public
- Rethinking Privacy and Surveillance
- Blurring the Line Between Private and Public Spaces
- Privacy Through Exclusion
- Conclusion
- NOTES
- REFERENCES
- 9: How to Have Social Media in an Invisible Pandemic
- Time, Visibility, and the Social Media Pandemic
- H1N1: Social Mediation in Anticipatory Time
- Social Media and Reproducibility
- H1N1's Shadow Archive: (Flu) Pandemics Past
- HCV: An Invisible Pandemic in Slow Time
- The Invisible Virus: Clones, Swarms, and Quasi-Species
- HCV's Slow Course: The Imperceptible Bodily Progression of the Disease
- The Invisible Pandemic: HCV as Unmediated Virus
- NOTES
- REFERENCES
- 10: Mobile Handsets from the Bottom Up
- PART 3: MEDIA INDUSTRY AND INFRASTRUCTURE FUTURES
- PART 4: JOURNALISM AND MEDIA POLICY FUTURES
- 15: The Decline of Modern Journalism in the Neo-Partisan Era
- The Roots of the Objective Ideal and Journalism's Modern Period
- News Values, Individualism, and Conflict: The “Story” of Modern News
- The Transformation of Reporting Rites in the New Partisan Era
- Differences Between Print and Television News
- Visual Language, Critical Limits, and Fake News
- 60 Minutes and the Reporter as Star
- Contemporary Journalism in the Corporate Era
- The Waning of the Corporate Era
- The Decline of Public Journalism and the Rise of Citizen Reporters
- New News Narratives and Implications for Journalism Education
- REFERENCES
- 16: Reconstructing Accountability
- 17: Mending the Gaps
- Historicizing the Disconnect and Revising the Revisions
- A Call for Critical Media Policy Studies
- The Critical Political Economy Approach to Policy Studies
- Contextualizing the Big Picture and Returning to the Normative
- What Media Scholars Can Do
- Historicizing Media Policy Debates
- Conclusion
- NOTES
- REFERENCES
- 15: The Decline of Modern Journalism in the Neo-Partisan Era
- PART 5: INTERACTIVITY, AFFECT, AND THE FUTURE OF MEDIA SUBJECTIVITIES
- PART 6: WHOSE FUTURE? CHILDREN, YOUTH CULTURES, AND DIGITAL MEDIA
- 23: Mapping ICT Adoption among Latin American Youth
- 24: South Asian Digital Diasporas
- 25: Fear and Hope
- Research on Children and Young People's Mobile Phone Use
- Childhoods Past and Present
- Moral Panics and Risks
- Examples from Japan: Facing the Future of Communication
- Examples from Australia: Threats and Opportunities
- Comparing Japan and Australia: Commonalities and Contexts
- Back to the Futures: Conclusions and Questions
- NOTES
- REFERENCES
- PART 7: WHAT FUTURE? OR, THE UNSUSTAINABLE PRESENT
- 26: Artificial Life on a Dead Planet
- 27: The Dead-End of Consumerism
- Environmental Contradictions
- Economic Contradictions: The Diminishing Returns of Consumer Capitalism
- Cultural Contradictions: Consumer Capitalism vs. the Quality of Life
- Living the Contradictions: Media, Culture, and Consumer Capitalism
- Obsessed with Obsolescence
- Selling Consumerism
- Disposable News and Democracy: Rethinking the Way We Report the World
- Beyond Consumerism: Media Studies Reborn
- NOTES
- REFERENCES
- 28: Media Armageddons and the Death of Liberal Biopolitics
- 29: Greening Cultural Labor
- Index
- Volume VII
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Contents to Volume VII: Research Methods in Media Studies
- Full Contents
- Contributors to Volume VII
- General Editor's Acknowledgments
- Media Studies
- Convergence, Globalization, Technological Development, and Interdisciplinarity in a Fast-Evolving World
- PART 1: SETTING UP THE STAGE
- 1: Media Research Paradigms
- 2: The Challenge of Media Research Ethics
- Who Cares About Research Ethics?
- Three Types of Ethical Questions
- A Brief History of Ethics Review Boards
- Common Critiques of Ethics Review Boards
- Media Research: A History of Competing Motives
- Basic Protocols in Media Research
- The Challenge of Online Environments
- Research Ethics 2.0? Review Boards Confront the Challenge of Digital Media
- The Challenge of Participatory and Activist Research
- Accepting the Challenge of Media Research Ethics
- REFERENCES
- PART 2: WORKING WITH PEOPLE
- 3: Doing Survey Research in Media Studies
- History and Uses of Survey Methodology in Media Studies
- When to Select Survey Methodology
- Procedure for Conducting a Survey
- Selecting a Study Design
- Assessing the Mode of Delivering the Questionnaire
- Selecting a Sample
- Designing a Questionnaire
- Challenges in Survey Methodology
- Conducting Ethically Sound Survey Research
- REFERENCES
- 4: Beyond the Qualitative/Quantitative “Divide”
- Introduction
- What Is Q Methodology? A Brief History and Overview
- How Does Q Methodology Work?
- Utilizing Q Methodology in Media Research
- Receptions of Avatar: A Case Study in Using Q Methodology for Media Research
- What is Q Methodology's Potential Contribution to Answering Key Questions in Media Studies?
- Conclusion
- NOTE
- REFERENCES
- 5: The Interview
- 6: Oral History Interviews
- Recovering and Interpreting the Past
- History of Oral History
- Memory
- Human Subjects Review
- Pre-Interview Research
- Interview as Data Collection
- Choosing Your Interviews
- Recording Technology
- Questions
- Legal Release Form
- Transcriptions/Electronic Media
- Transcript Approval
- Oral History Interview Analysis and Interpretation
- Presentation and Classroom Use
- Oral History Repository
- Summary and Conclusion
- REFERENCES
- 7: Memories of Films and Cinema-Going in Monterrey, Mexico
- Qualitative Interviews and the Exploration of Cinema-Goers' Memories
- The Setting
- Memories of Cinema-Going: The Relevance of Focused Interviews in the Exploration of Film Audiences' Experiences
- Selection of Movie Houses and Films by Audiences, 1930s–1960s
- Social Class Differences
- Memories of National and Foreign Films
- Cinema-Going, Family, and Social Interaction
- Memories of Plots and Movies
- Discussion
- NOTES
- REFERENCES
- 8: Conducting Media Ethnographies in Africa
- 9: Autoethnography in Media Studies
- 10: The Basics of Experimental Research in Media Studies
- Logic of the Controlled Experiment
- Establishing Causality
- Research Questions That Can Be Addressed by Controlled Experiments
- Designing an Experiment
- True Experimental Designs
- Factorial Studies
- Confounds
- Creating Treatment and Message Variance
- Operationalizing Independent Variables
- Operationalizing Dependent Variables
- Between or Within Subjects?
- Sample Sizes
- Sample Composition
- Manipulation Checks
- Summary
- REFERENCES
- 11: Between-Subjects Experimental Design and Analysis
- 3: Doing Survey Research in Media Studies
- PART 3: WORKING WITH TEXTS
- 12: Using a Mixed Approach to Content Analysis
- 13: Lessons Learned from a Research Saga
- 14: Text-Based Approaches to Qualitative Research
- 15: Analyzing Text
- 16: Cultural History and Media Studies
- 17: Historical Approaches to Media Studies
- 18: Film Analysis
- 19: Eye Tracking in Media Studies
- Eye Tracking: The Method
- Structural Components of Human Eye Movements: Fixations, Saccades, Micro-Movements
- Exogenous and Endogenous Control of Visual Perception
- What Fixations and Saccades Tell Us
- Setting Up an Eye-Tracking Study: A Case Study on Shock-Inducing Advertisements
- Methodological Limitations and Challenges
- NOTES
- REFERENCES
- 20: Exploring Visual Aspects of Audience Membership
- Review of Relevant Literature: Television Reception Studies
- Photovoice
- Methodology
- The Show True Blood
- Combining Photovoice With the Reception Interview
- Results: Using Photographs to Talk About Television
- Using Photovoice to Express Manifest and Latent Themes
- Providing an Aesthetic Foundation
- Discussion and Conclusion
- NOTE
- REFERENCES
- Appendix A: Procedures
- Appendix B: Interview Protocol
- PART 4: VIRTUAL CHALLENGES, INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH, AND MIXED METHOD RESEARCH
- 21: The Methodology of Online News Analysis
- 22: Digital Ethnography and Media Practices
- 23: Clicks and Bricks
- Review of Research Approaches to Traditional and New Media Studies
- Experimenting With Mixed Research Methods to Study Complex Virtual Interactions
- Study 1: A Tale of Two Websites
- Study 2: Redefining the Problem Space, Extending the Research Focus
- Study 3: A Conceptual Framework for Virtual Studies
- Measuring Perceptual Shifts in Physical and Virtual Play
- The Importance of Isolating for Gender
- Complex Virtual Interactions Call for Complex Methodological Approaches
- NOTES
- REFERENCES
- 24: Exploring the Effects of TV and Movie Music on Childhood
- 25: Latino Diasporas and the Media
- The Transnational Perspective: The Interstices of Thinking “Glocally”
- Representations of Otherness in News Media Discourse: Latin Americans in Spain
- Compassionate View of Ecuadorians
- An Attitude of Fear Toward Colombians
- Brotherly Attitude Toward Argentineans
- Immigrants' Discourses on Their Media Images
- Ecuadorians: “We Are Just the Poor and We Get Angry”
- Colombians: “They See Us as ‘Bad’ People and They Are Afraid of Us”
- Argentineans: “If We Do Not Talk, They Do Not Realize We Are Argentineans”
- Journalists' Discourses on the “Problem” of Latin American Immigration in Spain
- Discourses on Self-Representation: Ethnic Media in Global Cities
- Cultural and Media Consumption in Diasporic Contexts
- Latino Diasporas and the Media: Notes for Further Explorations
- REFERENCES
- Index
- Volume I
-
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