- INTRODUCTION
- ANCIENT POLITICAL THOUGHT 800 BCE–30 CE
- If your desire is for good, the people will be good • Confucius
- The art of war is of vital importance to the state • Sun Tzu
- Plans for the country are only to be shared with the learned • Mozi
- Until philosophers are kings, cities will never have rest from their evils • Plato
- Man is by nature a political animal • Aristotle
- A single wheel does not move • Chanakya
- If evil ministers enjoy safety and profit, this is the beginning of downfall • Han Fei Tzu
- The government is bandied about like a ball • Cicero
- MEDIEVAL POLITICS 30 CE–1515 CE
- If justice be taken away, what are governments but great bands of robbers? • Augustine of Hippo
- Fighting has been enjoined upon you while it is hateful to you • Muhammad
- The people refuse the rule of virtuous men • Al-Farabi
- No free man shall be imprisoned, except by the law of the land • Barons of King John
- For war to be just, there is required a just cause • Thomas Aquinas
- To live politically means living in accordance with good laws • Giles of Rome
- The Church should devote itself to imitating Christ and give up its secular power • Marsilius of Padua
- Government prevents injustice, other than such as it commits itself • Ibn Khaldun
- A prudent ruler cannot, and must not, honor his word • Niccolò Machiavelli
- RATIONALITY AND ENLIGHTENMENT 1515–1770
- In the beginning, everything was common to all • Francisco de Vitoria
- Sovereignty is the absolute and perpetual power of a commonwealth • Jean Bodin
- The natural law is the foundation of human law • Francisco Suárez
- Politics is the art of associating men • Johannes Althusius
- Liberty is the power that we have over ourselves • Hugo Grotius
- The condition of man is a condition of war • Thomas Hobbes
- The end of law is to preserve and enlarge freedom • John Locke
- When legislative and executive powers are united in the same body, there can be no liberty • Montesquieu
- Independent entrepreneurs make good citizens • Benjamin Franklin
- REVOLUTIONARY THOUGHTS 1770–1848
- To renounce liberty is to renounce being a man • Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- No generally valid principle of legislation can be based on happiness • Immanuel Kant
- The passions of individuals should be subjected • Edmund Burke
- Rights dependent on property are the most precarious • Thomas Paine
- All men are created equal • Thomas Jefferson
- Each nationality contains its center of happiness within itself • Johann Gottfried Herder
- Government has but a choice of evils • Jeremy Bentham
- The people have a right to keep and bear arms • James Madison
- The most respectable women are the most oppressed • Mary Wollstonecraft
- The slave feels self-existence to be something external • Georg Hegel
- War is the continuation of Politik by other means • Carl von Clausewitz
- Abolition and the Union cannot coexist • John C. Calhoun
- A state too extensive in itself ultimately falls into decay • Simón Bolívar
- An educated and wise government recognizes the developmental needs of its society • José María Luis Mora
- The tendency to attack “the family” is a symptom of social chaos • Auguste Comte
- THE RISE OF THE MASSES 1848–1910
- Socialism is a new system of serfdom • Alexis de Tocqueville
- Say not I, but we • Giuseppe Mazzini
- That so few dare to be eccentric marks the chief danger of the time • John Stuart Mill
- No man is good enough to govern another man without that other’s consent • Abraham Lincoln
- Property is theft • Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
- The privileged man is a man depraved in intellect and heart • Mikhail Bakunin
- That government is best which governs not at all • Henry David Thoreau
- Communism is the riddle of history solved • Karl Marx
- The men who proclaimed the republic became the assassins of freedom • Alexander Herzen
- We must look for a central axis for our nation • Ito Hirobumi
- The will to power • Friedrich Nietzsche
- It is the myth that is alone important • Georges Sorel
- We have to take working men as they are • Eduard Bernstein
- The disdain of our formidable neighbor is the greatest danger for Latin America • José Martí
- It is necessary to dare in order to succeed • Peter Kropotkin
- Either women are to be killed, or women are to have the vote • Emmeline Pankhurst
- It is ridiculous to deny the existence of a Jewish nation • Theodor Herzl
- Nothing will avail to save a nation whose workers have decayed • Beatrice Webb
- Protective legislation in America is shamefully inadequate • Jane Addams
- Land to the tillers! • Sun Yat-Sen
- The individual is a single cog in an ever-moving mechanism • Max Weber
- THE CLASH OF IDEOLOGIES 1910–1945
- Nonviolence is the first article of my faith • Mahatma Gandhi
- Politics begin where the masses are • Vladimir Lenin
- The mass strike results from social conditions with historical inevitability • Rosa Luxemburg
- An appeaser is one who feeds a crocodile, hoping it will eat him last • Winston Churchill
- The Fascist conception of the state is all-embracing • Giovanni Gentile
- The wealthy farmers must be deprived of the sources of their existence • Joseph Stalin
- If the end justifies the means, what justifies the end? • Leon Trotsky
- We will unite Mexicans by giving guarantees to the peasant and the businessman • Emiliano Zapata
- War is a racket • Smedley D. Butler
- Sovereignty is not given, it is taken • Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
- Europe has been left without a moral code • José Ortega y Gasset
- We are 400 million people asking for liberty • Marcus Garvey
- India cannot really be free unless separated from the British empire • Manabendra Nath Roy
- Sovereign is he who decides on the exception • Carl Schmitt
- Communism is as bad as imperialism • Jomo Kenyatta
- The state must be conceived of as an “educator” • Antonio Gramsci
- Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun • Mao Zedong
- POSTWAR POLITICS 1945–PRESENT
- The chief evil is unlimited government • Friedrich Hayek
- Parliamentary government and rationalist politics do not belong to the same system • Michael Oakeshott
- The objective of the Islamic jihad is to eliminate the rule of an un-Islamic system • Abul Ala Maududi
- There is nothing to take a man’s freedom away from him, save other men • Ayn Rand
- Every known and established fact can be denied • Hannah Arendt
- What is a woman? • Simone de Beauvoir
- No natural object is solely a resource • Arne Naess
- We are not anti-white, we are against white supremacy • Nelson Mandela
- Only the weak-minded believe that politics is a place of collaboration • Gianfranco Miglio
- During the initial stage of the struggle, the oppressed tend to become oppressors • Paulo Freire
- Justice is the first virtue of social institutions • John Rawls
- Colonialism is violence in its natural state • Frantz Fanon
- The ballot or the bullet • Malcolm X
- We need to “cut off the king’s head” • Michel Foucault
- Liberators do not exist. The people liberate themselves • Che Guevara
- Everybody has to make sure that the rich folks are happy • Noam Chomsky
- Nothing in the world is more dangerous than sincere ignorance • Martin Luther King
- Perestroika unites socialism with democracy • Mikhail Gorbachev
- The intellectuals erroneously fought Islam • Ali Shariati
- The hellishness of war drives us to break with every restraint • Michael Walzer
- No state more extensive than the minimal state can be justified • Robert Nozick
- No Islamic law says violate women’s rights • Shirin Ebadi
- Suicide terrorism is mainly a response to foreign occupation • Robert Pape
- DIRECTORY
- GLOSSARY
- CONTRIBUTORS
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- COPYRIGHT
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Dorling Kindersley and Tall Tree Ltd would like to thank Sarah Tomley for book planning, Alison Sturgeon and Gaurav Joshi for editorial assistance, Debra Wolter for proofreading, and Chris Bernstein for the index.
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