What is sleep, and why do we need it?

Sleep is amazing in ways that science has only recently begun to discover. That we spend so much of our lives doing it potentially highlights the biological importance of sleep.

When we sleep, we enter a specific state that lies somewhere between consciousness and unconsciousness—the body is at rest, but the brain remains highly active and hard at work. Sleep is vital for our survival, and a whole range of biological functions can only be undertaken while we are in this state. Scientists are discovering more all the time, but the main functions of sleep seem to be: diverting energy into clearing harmful toxins from the brain and body, consolidating learning and memory, boosting the immune system, balancing our emotional states, and repairing and restoring cells in the body. These rejuvenation processes are essential for us to function optimally, and when we sleep well, our mental, cognitive, and physical health are all dramatically improved.

Although many of the mysteries of sleep remain unknown, what is becoming increasingly clear is that sleep is essential to our well-being and that in order to live well, we must take it as seriously as we take eating and exercise. The more science uncovers, the more we understand that good sleep holds the keys to health and happiness.

Apart from its biological function, consistent good sleep, quite simply, feels great. By understanding sleep’s importance and how to improve it, it’s possible to let go of worrying about it, get into bed, and just drift off.

The brain and body in sleep

While we sleep, the brain and body undergo a series of repair and consolidation processes that affect every aspect of our functioning.

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Mood

Sleep regulates mood; good sleep gives the brain’s emotional center the chance to rest, leaving us feeling positive and upbeat on waking.

Detoxification and rest

The brain signals muscles to relax as we sleep. It also runs waste-clearance processes to remove harmful proteins that have built up during the day.

Memory and learning

As we sleep, the brain processes our experiences from the day, deciding what needs storing and what doesn’t.

Heart and blood pressure

Blood pressure drops overnight in order to decrease the strain on the heart and blood vessels, helping reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Appetite

Sleep regulates the hormones that control hunger and fullness signals, helping us eat appropriate amounts and manage our weight.

Immunity

As we sleep, we produce defenses such as T-cells to fight infections and viruses. We also make proteins that fight inflammation.

Growth

Human growth hormone is released, which repairs cell damage and strengthens bones and muscles.

Cell repair and skin

Getting enough sleep means that antioxidants are released, which help repair cells and skin damage and reduce inflammation.

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