PREFACE
Chapter 1: The Richest Road
Chapter 2: Pardon Me, That's My Throne
Chapter 3: Along for the Ride: Ride-Alongs
Chapter 4: Rich . . . And Famous
Chapter 5: Marry Well—Really Well
Chapter 6: Steal It—Like a Pirate, But Legally
Chapter 7: OPM—Not Opium—Where Most of the Richest Are
Chapter 8: Inventing Income
Chapter 9: Trumping the Land Barons
Chapter 10: The Road More Traveled
[2] The Associated Press, "Helmsley's Dog Gets $12 Million in Will," Washington Post (August 29, 2007), http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/29/AR2007082900491.html (accessed April 15, 2008).
[3] Stephanie Strom, "Helmsley Left Dogs Billions in Her Will," New York Times (July 2, 2008), http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/02/us/02gift.html?incamp=article_popular_3 (accessed July 21, 2008).
[4] The Associated Press, "Two Arrested in Slaying of Illinois Lottery Winner," CBS2Chicago (July 29, 2005), http://cbs2chicago.com/topstories/local_story_210225424.html (accessed April 15, 2008).
[5] Shaya Tayefe Mohajer, "Powerball Win: Fantasy or Nightmare?" Washington Post (September 14, 2007), http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/14/AR2007091400612.html (accessed May 20, 2008).
[6] Matthew Miller, "The Forbes 400," Forbes (September 20, 2007), http://www.forbes.com/2007/09/19/richest-americans-forbes-lists-richlist07-cx_mm_0920rich_land.html (accessed April 21, 2008).
[7] Ibid.
[8] Small Business Association, "Frequently Asked Questions" (August 2007), http://www.sba.gov/advo/stats/sbfaq.pdf (accessed April 21, 2008).
[9] Bureau of Economic Analysis.
[10] See note 1.
[11] George Raine, "LeapFrog Founder Steps Down," San Francisco Chronicle (September 2, 2004), http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/09/02/BUG8M8I4K41.DTL&type=business (accessed April 21, 2008).
[12] See note 1.
[13] Ibid.
[14] Bloomberg, as of 03/24/2008.
[15] See note 1.
[16] Ibid.
[17] Samantha Critchell, "Resorts Recruit Top Designers to Outfit Ski Patrol," USA Today (December 20, 2006), http://www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/ski/2006-11-28-ski-fashion_x.htm (accessed April 20, 2008).
[18] Gwendolyn Bounds, Kelly K. Spors, and Raymund Flandez, "Psst! The Secrets of Serial Success," Yahoo! Finance (August 28, 2007), http://finance.yahoo.com/career-work/article/103425/Psst!-The-Secrets-Of-Serial-Success (accessed April 30, 2008).
[19] "Franchising: New Power for 500,000 Small Businessmen," Time (April 18, 1969), http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,844780-1,00.html (accessed April 30, 2008).
[20] H. Salt Fish & Chips locations found at http://www.hsalt.com/locations.htm.
[21] See note 1.
[22] Daniel Fisher, "Mr. Big," Forbes (March 13, 2006), http://www.forbes.com/global/2006/0313/024.html (accessed April 30, 2008).
[23] See note 1.
[24] See note 17.
[25] Inflation calculator found at http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/cpicalc.pl.
[26] Jackie Krentzman, "The Force Behind the Nike Empire," Stanford Magazine (January 1997), http://www.stanfordalumni.org/news/magazine/1997/janfeb/articles/knight.html (accessed April 30, 2008).
[27] Ibid.
[28] Benjamin Powell, "In Defense of 'Sweatshops,'" The Library of Economics and Liberty (June 2, 2008), http://www.econlib.org/library/Columns/y2008/Powellsweatshops.html (accessed June 3, 2008).
[29] Nancy Moran and Rodney Yap, "O'Neal Ranks No. 5 on Payout List, Group Says," Bloomberg (November 2, 2007), http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601109&sid=aPxzn5U8zNBo&refer=home (accessed April 22, 2008).
[30] Matthew Miller, "The Forbes 400," Forbes (September 20, 2007), http://www.forbes.com/2007/09/19/richest-americans-forbes-lists-richlist07-cx_mm_0920rich_land.html (accessed April 22, 2008).
[31] Ibid.
[32] Clive Horwood, "How Stan O'Neal Went from the Production Line to the Front Line of Investment Banking," Euromoney (July 2006), http://www.euromoney.com/article.asp?ArticleID=1042086 (accessed April 22, 2008).
[33] Reuters, "Business Briefs," New York Times (March 11, 2006), http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9902EED91331F932A25750C0A9609C8B63 (accessed April 22, 2008).
[34] About Duck Brand at http://www.duckproducts.com/about/.
[35] See note 1.
[36] "Oil: Exxon Chairman's $400 Million Parachute, Exxon Made Record Profits in 2005" ABCNews (April 14, 2006), http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/story?id=1841989 (accessed April 22, 2008).
[37] Thomson Datastream. XOM return from December 31, 1993 to December 31, 2005.
[38] Ibid.
[39] Exxon Mobil Employment Data, http://www.exxonmobil.com/corporate/about_who_workforce_data.aspx (accessed April 22, 2008).
[40] "The Not-So-Retired Jack Welch," New York Times (November 2, 2006), http://dealbook.blogs.nytimes.com/2006/11/02/the-not-so-retired-jack-welch/ (accessed April 22, 2008).
[41] John A. Byrne, "How Jack Welch Runs GE," BusinessWeek (updated May 28, 1998), http://www.businessweek.com/1998/23/b3581001.htm (accessed April 22, 2008).
[42] Thomson Datastream, December 31, 1980 through December 31, 2001.
[43] Associated Press, "Fox News Hires Carly Fiornia, Ex-Chief of HP," International Herald Tribune (October 10, 2007), http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/10/10/business/fox.php (accessed May 20, 2008).
[44] Matthew Miller, "The Forbes 400," Forbes (September 20, 2007), http://www.forbes.com/2007/09/19/richest-americans-forbes-lists-richlist07cx_mm_0920rich_land.html (accessed April 22, 2008).
[45] Luisa Kroll, "The World's Billionaires," Forbes (March 5, 2008), http://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/10/billionaires08_Jeffrey-Skoll_PB9U.html (accessed May 20, 2008).
[46] "Peter F. Chernin Profile," Forbes http://www.forbes.com/finance/mktguideapps/personinfo/FromPersonIdPersonTearsheet.jhtml?passedPersonId=935400 (accessed May 20, 2008).
[47] News Corp, "The Best & Worst Managers of 2003: Peter Chernin," BusinessWeek (January 12, 2004), http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_02/b3865717.htm (accessed May 20, 2008).
[48] See note 1.
[49] Ibid.
[50] David Weidner, "Pottruck Ousted from Schwab," MarketWatch (July 20, 2004), http://www.marketwatch.com/News/Story/Story.aspx?guid=%7B8F3F0844-2338-44F0-9209-9861036087D4%7D&siteid=mktw (accessed July 22, 2008).
[51] J. P. Donlon, "Heavy Metal—Interview with Caterpillar CEO Donald Fites," The Chief Executive (September 1995), http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m4070/is_n106/ai_17536753 (accessed May 20, 2008).
[52] "Moe S. Nozari Profile," Forbes http://www.forbes.com/finance/mktguideapps/personinfo/FromPersonIdPersonTearsheet.jhtml?passedPersonId=878433 (accessed May 20, 2008).
[53] "Dr. Joan E. Miller Profile," Forbes http://www.forbes.com/finance/mktguideapps/personinfo/FromPersonIdPersonTearsheet.jhtml?passedPersonId=1137833 (accessed May 20, 2008).
[54] See note 1.
[55] Matthew Miller, "The Forbes 400," Forbes (September 20, 2007), http://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/54/richlist07_The-400-Richest-Americans_Rank.html (accessed April 11, 2008).
[56] Lea Goldman and Kiri Blakeley, "The Richest 20 Women in Entertainment," Forbes (January 18, 2007), http://www.forbes.com/digital-entertainment/2007/01/17/richest-womFN-entertainment-tech-media-cz_lg_richwomen07_0118womenstars_lander.html (accessed April 11, 2008).
[57] Ibid.
[58] See note 1.
[59] "Cuban Slammed with $25,000 Fine," ABCNews (June 20, 2006), http://abcnews.go.com/Sports/story?id=2098577&page=1 (accessed April 11, 2008).
[60] Associated Press, "Mavs Owner Serves Smiles and Ice Cream," The Daily Texan (January 17, 2002), http://media.www.dailytexanonline.com/media/storage/paper410/news/2002/01/17/Sports/Mavs-Owner.Serves.Smiles.And.Ice.Cream-505789.shtml?norewrite200608240019&sourcedomain=www.dailytexanonline.com (accessed April 11, 2008).
[61] Cathy Booth Thomas, "A Bigger Screen for Mark Cuban," Time (April 14, 2002), http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,230372-1,00.html (accessed April 11, 2008).
[62] Mike Morrison and Christine Frantz, InfoPlease, "Tiger Woods Timeline," http://www.infoplease.com/spot/tigertime1.html (accessed April 11, 2008).
[63] Associated Press, "Madonna announces Huge Live Nation Deal," MSNBC (October 16, 2007), http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21324512/ (accessed June 9, 2008); Jeff Jeeds, "In Rapper's Deal, a New Model for Music Business," New York Times (April 3, 2008), http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/03/arts/music/03jayz.html (accessed June 9, 2009).
[64] U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, "Actors, Producers, and Directors," (December 18, 2007), http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos093.htm (accessed April 11, 2008).
[65] "Dell Dude Now Tequila Dude at Tortilla Flats," New York Magazine (November 7, 2007), http://nymag.com/daily/food/2007/11/dell_dude_now_tequila_dude_at.html (accessed April 11, 2008).
[66] Nicole Bracken, "Estimated Probability of Competing in Athletics Beyond the High School Interscholastic Level," National Collegiate Athletic Association (February 16, 2007), http://www.ncaa.org/research/prob_of_competing/probability_of_competing2.html (accessed April 11, 2008).
[67] National Collegiate Athletic Association, "Major League Baseball General Information," http://www1.ncaa.org/membership/enforcement/amateurism/player_contacts/mlb_info/mlb_gen_info?ObjectID=25544&ViewMode=0&PreviewState=0 (accessed April 14, 2008).
[68] See note 12.
[69] Lea Goldman, Monte Burke, and Kiri Blakely, "The Celebrity 100," Forbes (June 14, 2007), http://www.forbes.com/2007/06/14/best-paid-celebrities-07celebrities_cz_lg_0614celeb_land.html (accessed April 14, 2008).
[70] See note 2.
[71] See note 15.
[72] Jon Saraceno, "Tyson: 'My Whole Life Has Been a Waste,'" USA Today (June 2, 2005), http://www.usatoday.com/sports/boxing/2005-06-02-tysonsaraceno_x.htm (accessed April 14, 2008).
[73] "Actor Gary Coleman Wins $1.3 Million in Suit Against His Parents and Ex-Advisor," Jet (March 15, 1993), http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1355/is_n20_v83/ai_13560059/pg_1 (accessed April 14, 2008).
[74] Daniel Kreps, "Van Halen Reunion Tour Grosses $93 million," Rolling Stone (June 5, 2008), http://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2008/06/05/van-halFN-reunion-tour-grosses-93-million/ (accessedJune 12, 2008).
[75] Amy Fleitas and Paul Bannister, "Big Names, Big Debt: Stars with Money Woes," Bankrate.com, (January 30, 2004), http://www.bankrate.com/brm/news/debt/debt_manage_2004/big-names-big-debt.asp (accessed July 22, 2008).
[76] See note 1.
[77] "The Mad Man of Wall Street," BusinessWeek (October 31, 2005), http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_44/b3957001.htm (accessed April 11, 2008).
[78] James J. Cramer, Confessions of a Street Addict (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006).
[79] New York City Department of Transportation, "Ferries & Buses," http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/ferrybus/statfery.shtml (accessed April 14, 2008).
[80] Advance Publications Corporate Timeline found at http://cjrarchives.org/tools/owners/advance-timeline.asp.
[81] Geraldine Fabrikant, "Si Newhouse Tests his Magazine Magic," New York Times (September 25, 1988), http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE0DE1439F936A1575AC0A96E948260 (accessed June 11, 2008).
[82] See note 1.
[83] Panache Report, "Three Richest Men in Hip-Hop For 2007," http://panachereport.com/channels/coverstories/jennifer.htm (accessed April 14, 2008).
[84] Ibid.
[85] Bill Johnson, Jr., "Jay-Z Stabbing Results in Three Years Probation," Yahoo! News (December 6, 2001), http://music.yahoo.com/read/news/12050127 (accessed April 14, 2008).
[86] "Jay-Z Cashes in with Rocawear Deal," New York Times (March 6, 2007), http://dealbook.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/03/06/jay-z-cashes-in-with-200-million-rocawear-deal/ (accessed April 14, 2008).
[87] See note 15.
[88] See note 29.
[89] Robert Frank, "Marrying for Love . . . of Money," Wall Street Journal (December 14, 2007), http://online.wsj.com/article/SB119760031991928727.html?mod=hps_us_inside_today (accessed April 14, 2008).
[90] Internal Revenue Service.
[91] Ibid.
[92] U.S. Bureau of the Census at www.census.gov; Matthew Miller, "The Forbes 400," Forbes (September 20, 2007), http://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/54/richlist07_The-400-Richest-Americans_Rank.html (accessed April 14, 2008).
[93] Marlys Harris, "How to Marry a Billionaire," Money Magazine (July 3, 2007), http://money.cnn.com/magazines/moneymag/moneymag_archive/2007/07/01/100116670/index.htm (accessed April 14, 2008).
[94] Matthew Miller, "The Forbes 400," Forbes (September 20, 2007), http://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/54/richlist07_The-400-Richest-Americans_Rank.html (accessed April 14, 2008).
[95] Ibid.
[96] Fred Vogelstein, "How Mark Zuckerberg Turned Facebook into the Web's Hottest Platform," Wired (September 6, 2007), http://www.wired.com/techbiz/startups/news/2007/09/ff_facebook (accessed April 14, 2008).
[97] See note 6.
[98] Geoffrey Gray, "Tough Love," New York Magazine (March 19, 2006), http://nymag.com/relationships/features/16463/ (accessed April 14, 2008).
[99] Geoffrey Gray, "The Ex-Wives Club," New York Magazine (March 19, 2006), http://nymag.com/relationships/features/16469/ (accessed April 14, 2008).
[100] See note 10.
[101] See note 11.
[102] Catherine Mayer, "The Judge's Take on Heather Mills," Time (March 18, 2008), http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1723254,00.html (accessed April 14, 2008).
[103] Forbes staff, "The 10 Most Expensive Celebrity Divorces," Forbes (April 12, 2007), http://www.forbes.com/2007/04/12/most-expensive-divorces-biz-cz_lg_0412celebdivorce.html (accessed April 14, 2008).
[104] Davide Dukcevich, "Divorce and Dollars," Forbes (September 27, 2002), http://www.forbes.com/2002/09/27/0927divorce_2.html (accessed April 14, 2008).
[105] OpenSecrets, "John Kerry (D-MA) Personal Financial Disclosures Summary: 2006," http://www.opensecrets.org/politicians/pfds.asp?CID=N00000245 (accessed April 14, 2008).
[106] Mark Feeney, "Julia Thorne, at 61; Author, Activist was Ex-Wife of Senator Kerry," Boston Globe (April 28, 2006), http://www.boston.com/news/globe/obituaries/articles/2006/04/28/julia_thorne_at_61_author_activist_was_ex_wife_of_senator_kerry/ (accessed April 14, 2008).
[107] Ralph Vartabedian, "Kerry's Spouse Worth $1 Billion," San Francisco Chronicle (June 27, 2004), http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2004/06/27/MNG4T7CTRN1.DTL (accessed April 14, 2008).
[108] See note 6.
[109] Ibid.
[110] Erika Brown, "What Would Meg Do," Forbes (May 21, 2007), http://www.forbes.com/business/global/2007/0521/058.html (accessed May 29, 2008).
[111] See note 6.
[112] S. Graham & Associates Website found at http://www.stedmangraham.com/about.html.
[113] See note 6.
[114] MSNBC staff, "Oprah Leaves Boyfriend Stedman Out of Her Will," MSNBC (January 9, 2008), http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/22578526/ (accessed June 17, 2008).
[115] Charles Kelly, "Drowning of Heiress Left Many Questions, Rumors," The Arizona Republic (May 23, 2002), http://www.azcentral.com/news/famous/articles/0523Unsolved-Buffalo23.html (accessed April 14, 2008).
[116] Peter Elkind, "Mortal Blow to a Once-Mighty Firm," Fortune (March 25, 2008), http://money.cnn.com/2008/03/24/news/companies/reeling_milberg.fortune/ (accessed April 23, 2008).
[117] Jeffrey MacDonald, "The Self-Made Lawyer," Christian Science Monitor (accessed June 3, 2003), http://www.csmonitor.com/2003/0603/p13s01-lecs.html (accessed April 23, 2008).
[118] American Bar Association.
[119] "The Highest Pay per Hour for Associates," AveryIndex (2007), http://www.averyindex.com/2007_highest_paid_1.php (accessed April 18, 2008).
[120] U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, "Occupational Outlook Handbook," (December 18, 2007), http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos053.htm (accessed April 23, 2008).
[121] Saira Rao, "Lawyers, Fun & Money," New York Post (December 31, 2006), http://www.nypost.com/seven/12312006/business/lawyers__fun__money_business_saira_rao.htm?page=1 (accessed May 19, 2008).
[122] Nathan Koppel, "Lawyers Gear up Grand New Fees: Hourly Rates Increasingly Hit $1,000, Breaching a Level Once Seen As Taboo," Wall Street Journal (August 22, 2007), http://online.wsj.com/article/SB118775188828405048.html?mod=hpp_us_whats_news (accessed April 23, 2008).
[123] Towers Perrin, "Study Highlights First Decrease in US Tort Costs Since 1997," (December 2007), http://www.towersperrin.com/tp/showdctmdoc.jsp?url=Tillinghast/United_States/News/Spotlights/2007/2007_12_20_spotlight_tort_costs.htm (accessed June 11, 2008).
[124] Michael A. Walters and Russel L. Sutter, "A Fresh Look at the Tort System," Emphasis (January 2003).
[125] Ibid.
[126] Matthew Miller, "The Forbes 400," Forbes (September 20, 2007), http://www.forbes.com/2007/09/19/richest-americans-forbes-lists-richlist07-cx_mm_0920rich_land.html (accessed April 23, 2008).
[127] Steve Quinn, "High Profile: Joe Jamail," Dallas Morning News (November 30, 2003), http://www.joejamail.net/HighProfile.htm (accessed April 23, 2008).
[128] Ibid.
[129] Cheryl Pellerin & Susan M. Booker, "Reflections on Hexavalent Chromium: Health Hazards of an Industrial Heavyweight," Environmental Health Perspectives (vol. 108; September 2000), pp. A402 – A407 www.ehponline.org/docs/2000/108-9/focus.pdf (accessed April 23, 2008).
[130] Walter Olson, "All About Erin," Reason Magazine (October 2000), http://www.reason.com/news/show/27816.html (accessed April 23, 2008).
[131] Ibid.
[132] Marc Morano, "Did 'Junk Science' Make John Edwards Rich?" CNSNews (January 20, 2004), http://www.cnsnews.com/ViewPolitics.asp?Page=%5CPolitics%5Carchive%5C200401%5CPOL20040120a.html (accessed April 23, 2008).
[133] "Parents File $150M Suit Against Naval Hospital," News4Jax (February 8, 2007), http://www.news4jax.com/news/10965449/detail.html (accessed April 23, 2008).
[134] Jim Copland, "Primary Pass," National Review (January 26, 2004), http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/copland200401260836.asp (accessed April 23, 2008).
[135] Robert Steyer, "The Murky History of Merck's Vioxx," TheStreet.com (November 18, 2004), http://www.thestreet.com/_more/stocks/biotech/10195104.html (accessed April 23, 2008).
[136] Ibid.
[137] Merck press release, "Merck Agreement to Resolve US VIOXX Product Liability Lawsuits," (November 9, 2007), http://www.merck.com/news-room/press_releases/corporate/2007_1109.html (accessed April 23, 2008).
[138] Peter Lattman, "Merck Vioxx By-the-Numbers," The Wall Street Journal Law Blog (November 9, 2007), http://blogs.wsj.com/law/2007/11/09/merck-expected-to-announce-485-billion-vioxx-settlement/ (accessed April 22, 2008).
[139] American Bar Association, "Tort Law: Asbestos Litigation," http://www.abanet.org/poladv/priorities/asbestos.html (accessed March 6, 2008).
[140] Patrick Moore, "Why I Left Greenpeace," Wall Street Journal (April 22, 2008), http://online.wsj.com/article/SB120882720657033391.html?mod=opinion_main_commentaries (accessed May 30, 2008).
[141] Peter Elkind, "The Fall of America's Meanest Law Firm," Fortune (November 3, 2006), http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2006/11/13/8393127/index.htm (accessed April 23, 2008).
[142] Ibid.
[143] Ibid.
[144] Michael Parrish, "Leading Class-Action Lawyer Is Sentenced to Two Years in Kickback Scheme," The New York Times (February 12, 2008), http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/12/business/12legal.html (accessed April 23, 2008).
[145] Ibid.
[146] Peter Elkind, "Mortal Blow to a Once-Mighty Firm," Fortune (March 25, 2008), http://money.cnn.com/2008/03/24/news/companies/reeling_milberg.fortune/ (accessed April 23, 2008).
[147] Jonathan D. Glater, "Milberg to Settle Class-Action Case for $75 million," International Herald Tribune, June 18, 2008, http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/06/17/business/17legal.php (accessed June 17, 2008).
[148] Editorial Staff, "The Firm," Wall Street Journal, June 18, 2008, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB121374898947282801.html?mod=opinion_main_review_and_outlooks (accessed June 19, 2008).
[149] The Inner Circle of Advocates, http://www.innercircle.org/.
[150] © 2008 Morningstar, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The information contained herein: (1) is proprietary to Morningstar and/or its content providers; (2) may not be copied or distributed; (3) does not constitute investment advice offered by Morningstar; and (4) is not warranted to be accurate, complete, or timely. Neither Morningstar nor its content providers are responsible for any damages or losses arising from any use of this information. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Use of information from Morningstar does not necessarily constitute agreement by Morningstar, Inc. of any investment philosophy or strategy presented in this publication.
[151] Ibid.
[152] Ibid.
[153] Matthew Miller, "The Forbes 400," Forbes (September 20, 2007), http://www.forbes.com/2007/09/19/richest-americans-forbes-lists-richlist07-cx_mm_0920rich_land.html (accessed April 21, 2008).
[154] Ibid.
[155] Ibid.
[156] See note 4.
[157] Ibid.
[158] "CEO Compensation," Forbes (May 3, 2007), http://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/12/lead_07ceos_CEO-Compensation-Diversified-Financials_9Rank.html (accessed April 16, 2008).
[159] See note 4.
[160] Robert Berner, "The Next Warren Buffet?" BusinessWeek (November 22, 2004), http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_47/b3909001_mz001.htm (accessed April 21, 2008).
[161] Patricia Sellers, "Eddie Lampert: The Best Investor of His Generation," Fortune (February 6, 2006), http://money.cnn.com/2006/02/03/news/companies/investorsguide_lampert/index.htm (accessed April 16, 2008).
[162] See note 11.
[163] Ibid.
[164] See note 12.
[165] See note 11.
[166] See note 4.
[167] Andrew Ross Sorkin, "A Movie and Protesters Single Out Henry Kravis," New York Times (December 6, 2007), http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/06/business/06equity.html?ex=1354597200&en=18531ee4bfaf9f2d&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss (accessed April 16, 2008).
[168] Peter Carbonara, "Trouble at the Top," CNN Money (December 1, 2003), http://money.cnn.com/magazines/moneymag/moneymag_archive/2003/12/01/354980/index.htm (accessed April 16, 2008).
[169] Andy Serwer, Joseph Nocera, Doris Burke, Ellen Florian, and Kate Bonamici, "Up Against the Wall," Fortune (November 24, 2003), http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2003/11/24/353793/index.htm (accessed April 16, 2008).
[170] James B. Stewart, "The Opera Lover," New Yorker (February 13, 2006), p. 108. http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/02/13/060213fa_fact_stewart (accessed April 16, 2008).
[171] See note 4.
[172] See note 21.
[173] Bloomberg News, "Two Advisers Defrauded at Least 8 Clients, S.E.C. Says," (November 12, 2005).
[174] Charles Gasparino and Susanne Craig, "A Lehman Brothers Broker Vanishes, Leaving Questions, and Losses, Behind," Wall Street Journal (February 8, 2002), http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1013123372605057920.html?mod=googlewsj (accessed May 19, 2008).
[175] Ibid.
[176] U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, "Litigation Release No. 17590," (June 27, 2002), http://www.sec.gov/litigation/litreleases/lr17590.htm (accessed April 16, 2008).
[177] U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, "SEC To Recover about $4 Million in Settlements with the Girlfriend and Estranged Wife of Jailed Stockbroker Frank Gruttadauria," (January 21, 2004), http://www.sec.gov/litigation/litreleases/lr18549.htm (accessed April 16, 2008).
[178] 3M History, "The Evolution of the Post-It Note," http://www.3m.com/intl/hk/english/in_hongkong/postit/pastpresent/history_tl.html (accessed April 14, 2008).
[179] Stacy Perman, "He Invents! Markets! Makes Millions!" BusinessWeek (October 3, 2005), http://www.businessweek.com/smallbiz/content/oct2005/sb20051003_862270.htm (accessed April 14, 2008).
[180] "The World's Billionaires: JK Rowling," Forbes http://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/10/billionaires08_Joanne-(JK)-Rowling_CRTT.html (accessed April 14, 2008).
[181] Matthew Miller, "The Forbes 400," Forbes (September 20, 2007), http://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/54/richlist07_The-400-Richest-Americans_Rank.html (accessed April 14, 2008).
[182] The Staff, "Interview with Morris 'sandy' Weinberg, Esq," Jurist (March 7, 2001), http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/pardonsex8.htm (accessed April 14, 2008).
[183] Denise Rich, "Denise Rich Biography," http://www.deniserichsongs.com/bio.html (accessed April 14, 2008).
[184] "Making Money with Your Music," Taxi.com http://www.taxi.com/faq/makemoney/index.html (accessed May 12, 2008).
[185] Alison Leigh Cowan, "Ex-Advisor Sues Denise Rich, Claiming Breach of Contract," New York Times (August 17, 2002), http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9502EED7153DF934A2575BC0A9649C8B63 (accessed May 12, 2008).
[186] "Mr. Music, Back to His Old Haunts," Sydney Morning Herald, April 29, 2008.http://www.smh.com.au/news/arts/mr-music-back-to-his-old-haunts/2008/04/28/1209234762134.html (accessed June 23, 2008).
[187] See note 4.
[188] Marlys Harris, "Millionaires-in-Chief," CNNMoney http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/moneymag/0712/gallery.candidates.moneymag/index.html (accessed April 14, 2008).
[189] Stephen Labaton, "Rose Law Firm, Arkansas Power, Slips As it Steps onto a Bigger Stage," New York Times (February 26, 1994), http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A05E2DB163AF935A15751C0A962958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all (accessed April 14, 2008).
[190] The Council of State Government's Survey January 2004 and January 2005.
[191] Dan Ackman, "Bill Clinton: Good-Bye Power, Hello Glory," Forbes (June 25, 2002), http://www.forbes.com/2002/06/25/0625clinton.html (accessed May 19, 2008).
[192] John Solomon and Matthew Mosk, "For Clinton, New Wealth in Speeches," Washington Post (February 23, 2007), http://www.washington-post.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/22/AR2007022202189.html (accessed April 14, 2008).
[193] Assume half their income saved 1979 through 1992 ($117,500) then $100,000/year 1993–2000, assuming 10 percent ARR.
[194] Ken Dilanian, "Clinton's Income: $109M since 2000," USA Today (April 4, 2008), http://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/election2008/2008-04-04-clinton-income_N.htm (accessed May 12, 2008).
[195] See note 15.
[196] Stephanie Smith, CRS Report for Congress, "Former Presidents: Federal Pension and Retirement Benefits," (March 18, 2008), www.senate.gov/reference/resources/pdf/98-249.pdf (accessed April 15, 2008).
[197] Ibid.
[198] Ibid.
[199] Ibid.
[200] See note 4.
[201] Ida A. Brudnick, "Salaries of Members of Congress: A List of Payable Rates and Effective Dates, 1789-2008," The Library of Congress (February 21, 2008), http://www.senate.gov/reference/resources/pdf/97-1011.pdf (accessed May 19, 2008).
[202] U.S. Census Bureau 2006.
[203] "Salaries for Members of Congress, Supreme Court Justices, and the President," National Taxpayers Union (January 2008), http://www.ntu.org/main/page.php?PageID=23 (accessed May 19, 2008).
[204] "Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif) Personal Financial Disclosures Summary: 2006," OpenSecrets.org http://www.opensecrets.org/pfds/CIDsummary.php?CID=N00007360&year=2006 (accessed May 14, 2008).
[205] Patrick J. Purcell, "Retirement Benefits for Members of Congress," Congressional Research Service (February 9, 2007), http://www.senate.gov/reference/resources/pdf/RL30631.pdf (accessed May 19, 2008).
[206] "Herb Kohl (D-Wis) Personal Financial Disclosures Summary: 2006," OpenSecrets.org http://www.opensecrets.org/pfds/CIDsummary.php?CID=N00004309&year=2006 (accessed May 14, 2008).
[207] See note 11.
[208] "John Kerry (D-MA) Personal Financial Disclosures Summary: 2006," OpenSecrets.org http://www.opensecrets.org/pfds/CIDsummary.php?CID=N00000245&year=2006 (accessed May 14, 2008).
[209] "Jane Harman (D-Calif) Personal Financial Disclosures Summary: 2006," OpenSecrets.org http://www.opensecrets.org/pfds/CIDsummary.php?CID=N00006750&year=2006 (accessed May 14, 2008).
[210] "Jeff Bingaman (D-NM) Personal Financial Disclosures Summary: 2006," OpenSecrets.org http://www.opensecrets.org/pfds/CIDsummary.php?CID=N00006518&year=2006 (accessed May 14, 2008).
[211] See note 11.
[212] "Olympia Snowe (R-Maine) Personal Financial Disclosures Summary: 2006," OpenSecrets.org, http://www.opensecrets.org/pfds/CIDsummary.php?CID=N00000480&year=2006 (accessed May 14, 2008).
[213] Sean Loughlin and Robert Yoon, "Millionaires Populate US Senate," CNN (June 13, 2003), http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/06/13/senators.finances/ (accessed April 15, 2008).
[214] "Richard C. Shelby (R-AL) Personal Financial Disclosures Summary: 2006," OpenSecrets.org http://www.opensecrets.org/pfds/CIDsummary.php?CID=N00009920&year=2006 (accessed May 14, 2008).
[215] "Rodney Frelinghuysen (R-NJ) Personal Financial Disclosures Summary: 2006," OpenSecrets.org http://www.opensecrets.org/pfds/CIDsummary.php?CID=N00000684&year=2006 (accessed April 15, 2008).
[216] Miles Weiss, "Gore Invests $35 Million for Hedge Funds with EBay Billionaire," Bloomberg (March 6, 2008), http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601070&sid=a7li9Nhmhvg0&refer=politics (accessed April 15, 2008).
[217] Patrick J. Reilly, "Jesse Jackson's Empire," Capital Research Center http://www.enterstageright.com/archive/articles/0401jackson.htm (accessed April 15, 2008).
[218] Steve Miller and Jerry Seper, "Jackson's Income Triggers Questions," The Washington Times, February 26, 2001.
[219] Walter Shapiro, "Taking Jackson Seriously," Time (April 11, 1988), http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,967157-1,00.html (accessed May 22, 2008).
[220] National Association of Realtors, Average Single Family Home Price.
[221] Matthew Miller, "The Forbes 400," Forbes (September 20, 2007), http://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/54/richlist07_Donald-Trump_U5WX.html (accessed May 20, 2008).
[222] Department of Housing and Community Development, State of California, "Median and Average Home Prices and Rents for Selected California Counties," http://www.hcd.ca.gov/hpd/hrc/rtr/ex42.pdf (accessed May 20, 2008).
[223] Federal Housing Finance Board, "National Average Contract Mortgage Rate," http://www.fhfb.gov/GetFile.aspx?FileID=4328 (accessed May 20, 2008).
[224] City Data, "San Mateo County, California (CA)," http://www.city-data.com/county/San_Mateo_County-CA.html (accessed May 20, 2008).
[225] Ibid.
[226] See note 2.
[227] Edward F. Pazdur, "An Interview with Tim Blixseth, Chief Executive Officer, The Blixseth Group," Executive Golfer, http://www.executivegolf-ermagazine.com/cupVII/article3.htm (accessed May 20, 2008).
[228] Ibid.
[229] See note 2.
[230] Alan Finder, "Koch Disputed on a Benefit to Developer," New York Times (January 16, 1989), http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE5D9133FF935A25752C0A96F948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all (accessed May 20, 2008).
[231] Steve Rubenstein, "Ex-Armory Turns Into Porn Site," San Francisco Chronicle (January 13, 2007), http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/01/13/BAG0INI8PD1.DTL (accessed May 20, 2008).
[232] George Andres, "For Tech Billionaire, Move to Nevada Proves Very Taxing," Wall Street Journal (July 17, 2006).
[233] Arthur B. Laffer and Stephen Moore, "Rich States, Poor States, ALEC-Laffer State Economic Competitive Index," American Legislative Exchange Council Washington, DC (2007), http://www.alec.org/am/pdf/ALEC_Competitiveness_Index.pdf?bcsi_scan_23323C003422378C=0&bcsi_scan_filename=ALEC_Competitiveness_Index.pdf (accessed May 20, 2008).
[234] Ibid.
[235] Ibid.
[236] Thomson Datastream, as of 05/31/2008.
[237] MSCI. The MSCI information may only be used for your internal use, may not be reproduced or redisseminated in any form and may not be used to create any financial instruments or products or any indices. The MSCI information is provided on an "as is" basis and the user of this information assumes the entire risk of any use made of this information. MSCI, each of its affiliates and each other person involved in or related to compiling, computing or creating any MSCI information (collectively, the "MSCI Parties") expressly disclaims all warranties (including, without limitation, any warranties of originality, accuracy, completeness, timeliness, non-infringement, merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose) with respect to this information. Without limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall any MSCI Party have any liability for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, punitive, consequential (including, without limitation, lost profits) or any other damages.
[238] See note 1.
[239] Almanac of American Wealth, "Wealthy Eccentrics," Fortune http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/fortune/0702/gallery.rich_eccentrics.fortune/2.html (accessed May 20, 2008).