Table A.1
Parameter | SI units | Metric system of units | Imperial and US system of units |
Length | 1 m | 100 cm | 3.281 ft |
1000 mm | 39.37 in | ||
1.094 yd | |||
0.01 m | 1 cm | 0.3937 in | |
0.0254 m | 2.54 cm | 1 in | |
0.3048 m | 30.48 cm | 12 in | |
1 ft | |||
0.9144 m | 91.44 cm | 3 ft | |
1 yd | |||
1.828 m | 1.828 m | 6 ft | |
1 fathom | |||
1000 m | 1 km | 0.621 miles | |
0.539 nautical miles | |||
1609 m | 1.609 km | 1760 yd | |
1 mile | |||
1853 m | 1.853 km | 1 nautical mile | |
Area | 1 m2 | 10000 cm2 | 1550 in2 |
106 mm2 | 10.764 ft2 | ||
1.196 yd2 | |||
0.0929 m2 | 929.03 cm2 | 144 in2 | |
1 ft2 | |||
0.836 m2 | 8361 cm2 | 9 ft2 | |
1 yd2 | |||
10−4 m2 | 1 cm2 | 0.155 in2 | |
104 m2 | 1 hectare | 2.47 acres | |
4049 m2 | 0.405 hectare | 1 acre | |
4840 yd2 | |||
1 mm2 | 10−2 cm2 | 0.00155 in2 | |
645.2 mm2 | 6.45 cm2 | 1 in2 | |
106 m2 | 1 km2 | 1196836 yd2 | |
2.59×106 m2 | 259 hectares | 1 mile2 | |
640 acres | |||
Volume | 1×10−3 m3 | 1000 ml | 0.2200 Imp. gallon |
1000 cc | 0.2642 US gallon | ||
3.785×10−3 m3 | 3.785 l | 0.833 Imp. gallon | |
1 US gallon | |||
4.55×10−3 m3 | 4.55 l | 1 Imp. gallon | |
1.2 US gallon | |||
1 m3 | 1000 l | 35.31 ft3 | |
1.308 yd3 | |||
10−6 m3 | 1 cc | 0.0610 in3 | |
0.02832 m3 | 28.32 l | 1728 in3 | |
1 ft3 | |||
0.7646 m3 | 764.6 l | 27 ft3 | |
1 yd3 | |||
0.02685 Nm3 | 26850 Ncc | 1 scf | |
1 Nm3 | 106 Ncc | 37.244 scf | |
Mass | 1 kg | 1000 g | 2.205 lb |
0.4536 kg | 453.6 g | 1 lb | |
16 oz | |||
7000 gr | |||
64.8×10−6 kg | 64.8 mg | 1 gr | |
6.350 kg | 6.350 kg | 14 lb | |
1 stone | |||
1×10−3 kg | 1 g | 0.03528 oz | |
0.0283 kg | 28.34 g | 1 oz | |
100 kg | 1 quintal | 220.5 lb | |
1000 kg | 1 ton | 2205 lb | |
0.984 ton | |||
907 kg | 907 kg | 2000 lb | |
1 short ton | |||
1016 kg | 1016 kg | 2240 lb | |
1 ton | |||
20 cwt (hundredweight) | |||
Density | 1 m3 kg−1 | 1000 cc/g | 16.02 ft3/lb |
0.06243 m3 kg−1 | 62.43 cc/g | 1 ft3/lb | |
Specific weight | 1 kg.m−3 | 0.001 g/cc | 0.0624 lb/ft3 |
1000 kg.m−3 | 1 g/cc | 6.24 lb/ft3 | |
160.26 kg.m−3 | 0.1602 g/cc | 1 lb/ft3 | |
0.022886 kg.m−3 | 2.2886×10−5 g/cc | 1 gr/ft3 | |
Pressure & stress | 1 Pa | 0.102 mmwg | 1.45×10−4 psi |
1 Nm−2 | 0.102 kg/m2 | ||
7.5×10−3 mmHg | |||
100 kPa | 1 Bar (b) | 14.5 psi | |
1.02 kg/cm2 | |||
750 mmHg | |||
101.3 kPa | 1013 mb | 14.7 psi | |
1.033 kg/cm2 | 29.92 inHg | ||
760 mmHg | |||
98.1 kPa | 1 kg/cm2 | 14.22 psi | |
10 mwg | 28.94 inHg | ||
736 mmHg | |||
1 kPa | 102 kg/m2 | 0.145 psi | |
102 mmwg | 0.295 inHg | ||
7.503 mmHg | |||
0.1333 kPa | 1 mmHg | 0.193 psi | |
6.895 kPa | 0.0703 kg/cm2 | 1 psi | |
9.81 Pa | 1 mmwg | 0.001422 psi | |
249 Pa | 0.00254 kg/cm2 | 1 inwg | |
25.4 mmwg | |||
1 MPa | 10 b | 145 psi | |
1 Nmm−2 | 10.2 kg/cm2 | ||
15.44 Nmm−2 | 1.575 kg/mm2 | 1 Ton/in2 | |
9.80 Nmm−2 | 1 kg/mm2 | 0.635 Ton/in2 | |
Temperature | 273 K | 0°C | 32°F/492 R |
0 K | −273°C | −460°F/0 R | |
255.22 K | −17.78°C | 0°F / 460 R | |
Heat, Power, Work & CV | 1 W | 0.2389 cal/s | 9.478×10−4 Btu/s |
1 J.s−1 | |||
1 kW.s | 0.2389 kcal | 0.948 Btu | |
1 kJ | 102 m.kgf | 738 ft.lbf | |
1 kW.hr | 860 kcal | 3413 Btu | |
3600 kJ | |||
4.186 kJ | 1 kcal | 3.9686 Btu | |
427 m.kgf | 3088 ft.lbf | ||
1.055 kJ | 0.252 kcal | 1 Btu | |
107.6 m.kgf | 778 ft.lbf | ||
9.80 J | 2.342×10−3 kcal | 9.29×10−3 Btu | |
1 m.kgf | 7.23 ft.lbf | ||
1 kJ.kg−1 | 0.2389 kcal/kg | 0.430 Btu/lb | |
4.186 kJ.kg−1 | 1 kcal/kg | 1.8 Btu/lb | |
2.326 kJ.kg−1 | 0.556 kcal/kg | 1 Btu/lb | |
1 kJ.m−3 | 0.2389 cal/l | 0.02684 Btu/ft3 | |
4.186 kJ.m−3 | 1 cal/l | 0.11235 Btu/ft3 | |
37.26 kJ.m−3 | 8.90 cal/l | 1 Btu/ft3 | |
39.302 KJ.Nm−3 | 9.389 kcal/Nm3 | 1 Btu/scf | |
1 kJ.m−3.K−1 | 0.2389 kcal/m3.°C | 0.0149 Btu/ft3.°F | |
4.186 kJ.m−3.K−1 | 1 kcal/m3.°C | 0.06237 Btu/ft3.°F | |
67.116 kJ.m−3.K−1 | 16.03 kcal/m3.°C | 1 Btu/ft3.°F | |
1 W.m−2 | 23.89×10−6 cal/cm2.s | 0.316 Btu/ft2.h | |
41.876 kW.m−2 | 1 cal/cm2.s | 13233 Btu/ft2.h | |
3.165 W.m−2 | 75.57×10−6 cal/cm2.s | 1 Btu/ft2.h | |
1 kJ.m−2 | 0.2389 kcal/m2 | 0.0881 Btu/ft2 | |
4.186 kJ.m−2 | 1 kcal/m2 | 0.3687 Btu/ft2 | |
11.35 kJ.m−2 | 2.712 kcal/m2 | 1 Btu/ft2 | |
1 kJ.m−2.K−1 | 0.2389 kcal/m2.°C | 0.0489 Btu/ft2.°F | |
4.186 kJ.m−2.K−1 | 1 kcal/m2.°C | 0.2048 Btu/ft2.°F | |
20.44 kJ.m−2.K−1 | 4.883 kcal/m2.°C | 1 Btu/ft2.°F | |
Specific Heat | 1 kJ.kg−1.K−1 | 0.2389 kcal/kg.°C | 0.2389 Btu/lb.°F |
4.186 kJ.kg−1.K−1 | 1 kcal/kg.°C | 1 Btu/lb.°F | |
Thermal Conductivity | 1 W.m−1.K−1 | 2.389×10−3 cal/cm.s.°C | 0.578 Btu/ft.h.°F |
418.41 W.m−1.K−1 | 1 cal/cm.s.°C | 241.84 Btu/ft.h.°F | |
1.73 W.m−1.K−1 | 4.135×10−3 cal/cm.s.°C | 1 Btu/ft.h.°F | |
Heat Transfer Coefficient | 1 W.m−2.K−1 | 2.389×10−5 cal/cm2.s.°C | 0.176 Btu/ft2.h.°F |
41858.5 W.m−2.K−1 | 1 cal/cm2.s.°C | 7367 Btu/ft2.h.°F | |
5.682 W.m−2.K−1 | 1.357×10−3 cal/cm2.s.°C | 1 Btu/ft2.h.°F | |
Velocity | 1 m.s−1 | 3.6 km/h | 196.86 fpm |
0.278 m.s−1 | 1 km/h | 54.68 fpm | |
5.08×10−3 m.s−1 | 0.0183 km/h | 1 fpm | |
1 m.s−1 | 3.6 km/h | 2.236 m/h | |
0.278 m.s−1 | 1 km/h | 0.621 m/h | |
0.447 m.s−1 | 1.609 km/h | 1 m/h | |
Flow | 1 m3.s−1 | 3600 m3/h | 2118.6 cfm |
2.78×10−4 m3.s−1 | 1 m3/h | 0.589 cfm | |
4.72×10−4 m3.s−1 | 1.698 m3/h | 1 cfm | |
1 Nm3.s−1 | 3600 Nm3/h | 2234.64 scfm | |
2.778×10−4 Nm3.s−1 | 1 Nm3/h | 0.6207 scfm | |
4.475×10−4 Nm3.s−1 | 1.611 Nm3/h | 1 scfm | |
6.31×10−5 m3.s−1 | 0.2271 m3/h | 1 US gpm | |
7.59×10−5 m3.s−1 | 0.273 m3/h | 1 Imperial gpm | |
1 kg.s−1 | 3.6 tph | 7938 lb/h | |
0.278 kg.s−1 | 1 tph | 2205 lb/h | |
1.26×10−4 kg.s−1 | 4.535×10−4tph | 1 lb/h | |
1 m3.s−1 | 3600 m3/h | 18.975 Imperial MGD | |
2.78×10−4 m3.s−1 | 1 m3/h | 5.275×10−3 Imperial MGD | |
0.0527 m3.s−1 | 189.58 m3/h | 1 Imperial MGD | |
1 m3.s−1 | 3600 m3/h | 22.827 US MGD | |
2.78×10−4 m3.s−1 | 1 m3/h | 6.341×10−3 US MGD | |
0.0438 m3.s−1 | 157.71 m3/h | 1 US MGD | |
Miscellaneous | 0.43 kg.GJ−1 | 1.8×10−3 g/kcal | 1 lbm/MBtu |
Table A.2
Basic SI units (systeme international d’unites)
Sl. No. | Physical quantity | Unit | Symbol | Definition of unit |
1 | Length | meter | m | – |
2 | Mass | kilogramme | kg | – |
3 | Time | second | s | – |
4 | Temperature | kelvin | K | – |
5 | Electric Current | ampere | A | – |
6 | Luminous Intensity | candela | cd | – |
7 | Amount of Substance | mole | mol | – |
8 | Plane Angle | radian | rad | – |
9 | Solid Angle | steradian | sr | – |
10 | Frequency | hertz | Hz | s−1 |
11 | Energy | joule | J | kg.m2.s−2 |
12 | Force | Newton | N | J.m−1=kg.m.s−2 |
13 | Power | watt | W | J.s−1=kg.m2.s−3 |
14 | Pressure | pascal | Pa | N.m−2=J.m−3=kg.m−1.s−2 |
15 | Electric Charge | coulomb | C | A.s |
16 | Electric Potential Difference | volt | V | W.A−1=J.s−1.A−1=kg.m2.s−3.A−1 |
17 | Electric Resistance | ohm | – | V.A−1=W.A−2=J.s−1.A−2=kg.m2s−3.A−2 |
18 | Electric Capacitance | farad | F | C.V−1=kg−1.m−2.s4.A2 |
19 | Magnetic Flux | Weber | Wb | V.s=W.s.A−1=J.A−1=kg.m2.s−2.A−1 |
20 | Magnetic Flux Density | tesla | T | Wb.m−2=V.s.m−2=W.s.A−1.m−2=J.A−1.m−2=kg.s−2.A−1 |
21 | Inductance | henry | H | V.s.A−1=W.s.A−2=J.A−2=kg.m2.s−2.A−2 |
22 | Conductance | Siemens | S | V−1.A=W−1.A2=J−1.s.A2=kg−1.m−2.s3.A2 |
23 | Dynamic Viscosity | poiseuille | Pl | N.s.m−2=J.s.m−3=kg.m−1.s−1 |
24 | Luminous Flux | lumen | lm | cd.sr |
25 | Illumination | lux | lx | cd.sr.m−2 |
Table A.3
Sl. No. | Prefix | Symbol | Factor |
1 | tera | T | 1012 |
2 | giga | G | 109 |
3 | mega | M | 106 |
4 | kilo | k | 103 |
5 | hecto* | h | 102 |
6 | deca* | da | 101 |
7 | deci* | d | 10−1 |
8 | centi* | c | 10−2 |
9 | milli | m | 10−3 |
10 | micro | µ | 10−6 |
11 | nano | n | 10−9 |
12 | pico | p | 10−12 |
13 | femto | f | 10−15 |
14 | atto | a | 10−18 |
(NOTES: 1. Prefixes marked with * should normally be avoided;
2. It is preferable to write J.s−1, instead of J/s.)
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