Index

Aadhaar metadata, 182

Aam aadmi, 82

Absolute poverty, 82

Administrative data, 179–180

Administrative datasets, 183

Age composition, 70

Agriculture, 1, 2, 4, 16, 18–19, 30, 31, 38, 71, 73, 75, 88, 93, 95–96, 98, 124, 136, 137, 142, 143, 165

Animal spirits, 153–154

Arvind Panagariya Panel, 83

Ayushman Bharat scheme, 57

Basic income, 90

Below poverty line (BPL), 18, 74

Bhagidari sector, 14

BPL. See Below poverty line (BPL)

Bureaucracy/civil service, 161

CAGR. See Compound annual growth rate (CAGR)

Capital formation

national income, savings, investment, and growth, 151–154

savings and, 147–148

savings/investment, 148–151

Capitalist mentality, 158

CCI. See Competition Commission of India (CCI)

Central Statistical Organization (CSO), 148

methodology, 137

Challenges, 17–18

Chinese Railways, 42

Civil aviation, 51–52

CMEPSP. See Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress (CMEPSP)

Communication, 45–48

Competition Commission of India (CCI), 169

Competitive federalism, 179

Compound annual growth rate (CAGR), 40

Corruption affects India’s business, 162

Country’s industrial structure, 3

CSO. See Central Statistical Organization (CSO)

Culture industries, 157

Demographic dividend/quality of, 72–73

Demographics, 156

Dickensian world, 105

Digital serfs, 105

Direct effect, 36

Domestic workers, 104

Earned income, 114

Economic development, 2–5, 19

Economic infrastructure

civil aviation, 51–52

communication, 45–48

concept and nature of, 35

importance of, 35–36

inland waterways, 44

logistics, 44–45

ports and shipping, 43–44

power, 37–39

PSU telcos, 48–50

railways, 40–42

road, 42–43

Economic planning, 3

Economic reforms, 6–8, 9, 37, 40, 87, 100, 115, 121–122, 125, 139, 153, 162, 165

Economic slowdown, 18–19

Education, 58–60

Educational institutions, 157

EEZ. See Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

Election plank, 90

Employability problem, 99

Employment indicators, 93–94

Employment opportunities, 15

Employment scenario, 95–99

Energy/power, 27–28

Ethnic diversity, 72

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), 25

External sector, 103

Fast moving consumer goods (FMCG), 41

FDI. See Foreign direct investment (FDI)

Federal form of government, 160

Ferrous and metallic minerals, 23

FMCG. See Fast moving consumer goods (FMCG)

Foreign direct investment (FDI), 153

Forest resources, 22–23

Forest Survey of India (FSI), 22

FSI. See Forest Survey of India (FSI)

GDP. See Gross domestic product (GDP)

Geographical information system (GIS), 46

GERs. See Gross enrolment ratios (GERs)

GIS. See Geographical information system (GIS)

GNP. See Gross national product (GNP)

Goods and services tax (GST), 17, 177

Google Public Data Explorer, 186

Gross domestic product (GDP), 4, 8, 11, 44, 56, 60, 76, 86, 93, 130–133, 135–140, 142, 143, 147, 150, 151, 152, 187

Gross domestic savings/gross capital formation, 149

Gross enrolment ratios (GERs), 59

Gross national income/net national income, 141

Gross national product (GNP), 11

Growth, 151–154

GST. See Goods and services tax (GST)

HDI. See Human Development Index (HDI)

Health, 55–58

Health and wellness centers (HWCs), 57

Higher education, 61–62

Hindu rate of growth, 3

Housing, 65–66

Human Development Index (HDI), 37, 55, 63–64

HWCs. See Health and wellness centers (HWCs)

IATA. See International Air Transport Association (IATA)

ICT. See Information and communications technology (ICT)

IDI. See Inclusive Development Index (IDI)

Import exports datasets, 182

IMR. See Infant mortality rate (IMR)

Inclusive Development Index (IDI), 135

India

EEZ of, 25

jobs policy, 102

employment problem, 94–95

industrial economy, 4

laws governing business in, 168

leaders, 2–3

literacy rate in, 71

national income, 136–144

characteristics of, 129–130

composition of, 140–144

composition/distribution of, 144

concept, of, 129

GDP measurement, 131

IDI, 135

importance of, 130–131

measurement of, 138

national income/economic well-being, 131–136

trends in, 138–139

WEF, 135

national portal, 181

natural resources

energy and power, 27–28

forest resources, 22–23

India’s water challenges, 32–33

land resources, 22

mineral resources, 23–26

National Mineral Policy, 26–27

new energy, 28–29

renewable energy, 28–29

water resources, 29–32

policy response, 85–91

political economy in, 9, 164–166

poor, 5

poverty

causes of, 83–85

concept of, 79

estimates, 80–85

politics of, 88–91

survey of, 181

water challenges, 32–33

wealth, 118–119

weather data, 182

India State of Forest Report (ISFR), 22

Indian earth observation, 181

Indian economy

banking and financial structure of, 3

data

concept of, 175–176

importance of, 176–177

sources of, 180–185

Indian statistical system, 177–180

international data, 185–189

and media, 170–173

nature and structure of, 1–2

weaknesses of, 5–9

Indian labor market, 116

Indian Statistical Institute, 184–185

Indian statistical system, 177–180

Indian statistics, 186–189

Indirect contribution, 36

Inequality, 112–113

concept of, 111–112

extent of, 117–120

factors contributing to, 114–122

impact of, 120–122

is growing, 165

measurement of, 113–114

Infant mortality rate (IMR), 68

Informal employment, 12

Informal sector, 12, 14–15

Information and communications technology (ICT), 45

Inland water transport (IWT), 44

Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI), 44

Inorganic minerals, 23

Insolvency/Bankruptcy Code, 162

Institutional data, 183

International Air Transport Association (IATA), 51

International business legislation, 168–169

International data, 185–189

Investment, 148–154, 150–151

ISFR. See India State of Forest Report (ISFR)

IWAI. See Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI)

IWT. See Inland water transport (IWT)

Job creation, 99–100

Job-loss growth, 106

Jobless growth, 106

Labor force participation rate (LFPR), 94

Land resources, 22

Language, 157

Legal environment, 166–170

Legal setup, importance of, 167–168

LFPR. See Labor force participation rate (LFPR)

Liberalization/deregulation, privatization, globalization (LPG), 7

Life expectancy, 71

Logistics, 44–45

Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act in 2013, 162

LPG. See Liberalization/deregulation, privatization, globalization (LPG)

Macro policies, 8–9

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), 99

Manpower

population, 67–72

age composition, 70

demographic dividend/quality of, 72–73

density of, 69

ethnic diversity, 72

India, literacy rate in, 71

and India’s economic development, 73–74

life expectancy, 71

occupational structure, 70–71

rural–urban composition, 71

sex composition, 69–70

population policy, 74–77

Maternal mortality rate (MMR), 68

Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress (CMEPSP), 132

Media, 170–173

Metallic minerals, 23

Metro Rail Policy, 52

MGNREGS. See Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS)

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), 3, 18

Mineral resources, 23–26

Minerals and metals, 25

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), 22

Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (MNES), 28

Mission Parivar Vikas, 75

Mixed economy, 2

MMR. See Maternal mortality rate (MMR)

MNCs. See Multinational corporations (MNCs)

MNES. See Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (MNES)

MoEFCC. See Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)

MoSPI dataset, 181

MSMEs. See Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs)

Multinational corporations (MNCs), 158

National Accounts Statistics, 136

The National Commission for Integrated Water Resources Development (NCIWRD), 30

National Commission on Enterprises in the Unorganized Sector (NCEUS), 12, 15

National Council for Educational Research and Training (NCERT), 59

National economy, 4

National income, 151–154

National income/economic well-being, 131–136

National Institution for Transforming India (NITI Aayog), 8, 13, 28, 29, 32, 33, 39, 42, 49, 57, 61, 76, 77, 86, 179, 184

National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF), 52

National Mineral Policy, 26–27

National portal, 181

National Statistical Commission (NSC), 15

National Water Policy (NWP), 32

Natural resources, 21–22, 23, 29, 33, 48, 69

NCERT. See National Council for Educational Research and Training (NCERT)

NCEUS. See National Commission on Enterprises in the Unorganized Sector (NCEUS)

NCIWRD. See The National Commission for Integrated Water Resources Development (NCIWRD)

NER. See Net enrolment ratio (NER)

Net enrolment ratio (NER), 59

New energy, 28–29

NIIF. See National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF)

NITI Aayog. See National Institution for Transforming India (NITI Aayog)

Noncontractual labor, 97, 98

Nonferrous metallic minerals, 23

Nonmetallic minerals, 23

Northern Ganga River Basin, 31

NSC. See National Statistical Commission (NSC)

NWP. See National Water Policy (NWP)

Occupational structure, 70–71

OGD. See Open Government Data (OGD)

One-size-fits-all strategy, 18

Open Government Data (OGD), 182–183

Organic minerals, 23

Organized sectors, 15–16

PFI. See Population Foundation of India (PFI)

PIL. See Public interest litigation (PIL)

PMJAY. See Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY)

Policy implications, 16–17

Policy response, 85–91

Policymaking, 8–9

Political environment, 161–162

Political forces, 159–166

Political parties, 160

Political stability, 160

Poor work, 5

Population, 67–72

Population Foundation of India (PFI), 77

Population policy, 74–77

Population/India’s economic development, 73–74

Ports and shipping, 43–44

Post reform of 1991, 169–170

Poverty, 5, 9, 35–36, 45, 69, 111, 112–113, 115, 116, 118, 119, 123, 126

concept of, 111–112

concept of, 79

vicious circle of, 74

Poverty alleviation, 11, 15, 63, 83, 84, 88, 126

Poverty estimates, 80–85

Poverty line, 83

Power, 37–39

PPP. See Public private partnership (PPP)

Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY), 57, 58

Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana, 99

Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana, 99

Pressure groups, 161

Prima facie, 117

PSBs. See Public sector banks (PSBs)

PSU. See Public sector undertaking (PSU)

PSU telcos, 48–50

Public interest litigation (PIL), 169–170

Public opinion, 161

Public private partnership (PPP), 8

Public sector banks (PSBs), 3

Public sector undertaking (PSU), 46

Public–private partnership (PPP), 51–52

Railways, 40–42

Rangarajan Committee, 80, 82

RBI. See Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

RE. See Renewable energy (RE)

Real estate infrastructure, 64–65

Relative poverty, 82

Religion, 157

Renewable energy (RE), 28–29

Reservation/political parties, 162–164

Reserve Bank of India (RBI), 148

database, 180–181

Rhetoric, 88

Right to Education (RTE), 60

Road, 42–43

Role of opposition, 160

RTE. See Right to Education (RTE)

Rural-led strategy, 18

Rural–urban composition, 71

Rural–urban inequality, 115

Sagarmala program, 44

Savings, 147–148, 151–154

Scheduled Castes (SCs), 126

Scheduled Tribes (STs), 126

SCs. See Scheduled Castes (SCs)

SEBs. See State Electricity Boards (SEBs)

Sen’s poverty index, 81

Sex composition, 69–70

Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission (SPMRM), 75

Skill India, 102

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs), 17

SMEs. See Small and medium enterprises (SMEs)

Social development, 19

Social inequality, 166

Social infrastructure

education, 58–60

HDI, 63–64

health, 55–58

higher education, 61–62

housing, 65–66

real estate infrastructure, 64–65

teacher education, 62–66

teacher training, 62–66

way ahead, 60–61

Social organization/structure, 156–159

Social welfare commitments, 9

Special purpose vehicles (SPVs), 44

SPMRM. See Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission (SPMRM)

SPVs. See Special purpose vehicles (SPVs)

Stabilization reforms, 6

Stakeholders, 173

State Electricity Boards (SEBs), 37

Structural reforms, 6

STs. See Scheduled Tribes (STs)

Survey data, 183

Swacch Bharat Abhiyaan, 74

Swatch Bharat Mission, 124, 180

Tackling inequality, 122–127

Talisman, 111

TDSAT. See Telecommunications Dispute Settlement and Appellate Tribunal (TDSAT)

Teacher education, 62–66

Teacher training, 62–66

Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), 46–47

Telecommunications Dispute Settlement and Appellate Tribunal (TDSAT), 47

TFR. See Total fertility rate (TFR)

Total fertility rate (TFR), 68–69

Trade policy, 8

TRAI. See Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI)

Transactions data, 183–184

UHC. See Universal health care (UHC)

Unemployment, 74, 130

create jobs, 101–102

employment policy, 100–101

India/gig economy, 104–108

indicators, 93–94

Unemployment rate (UR), 94

Unincorporated sector, 14

Universal health care (UHC), 57

Unorganized labor, 13–14

Unorganized sector, 12–13, 15–16

Unorganized Workers’ Social Security Act, 17

UR. See Unemployment rate (UR)

Value-added approach, 137

Voluntary retirement scheme (VRS), 49

VRS. See Voluntary retirement scheme (VRS)

Water resources, 29–32

Way ahead, 60–61

WEF. See World Economic Forum (WEF)

WHO. See World Health Organization (WHO)

Wildlife institute, 184

World Bank, 81, 86, 185–186

World Economic Forum (WEF), 135

World Health Organization (WHO), 186

World Trade Organization (WTO), 168

WTO. See World Trade Organization (WTO)