- A
- Accessibility, zones of 4–11
- Addition activities 37, 38, 58, 74, 76, 77, 79, 158
- Affixes 45–46
- Afield, exploring 150–196
- learning tips for 156, 167
- sit spot practice for 189–196
- and studies beyond natural areas 151
- using plants/animals for 150–189
- Alphabets:
- collecting 167–169
- movable 70–74
- Angles 58, 81, 109, 110
- Animals 150–189
- and living in trees 129
- and math activities 150–167
- and reading/writing activities 167–177
- and science activities 177–189
- Answers, rocks to record 74
- Arborist activity 130
- Area 43–44, 88
- Arrays 81–82, 113–114
- Art 48–49, 161
- Atmospheric pressure, tracking 203–204
- Attitude, increasing positive 3, 30
- B
- Base layers 24, 27–28
- Bean bag toss game 54–56
- Behavior, and outdoor learning 3
- Bio blitzes 182
- Birds 94–96, 182–186, 199–200
- Block play activity 119
- Bloom, calendar of 159–161
- Books. See also Read‐alouds
- on birds 96
- classroom tree 132
- and cloud observations 103
- on graffiti 49
- to inspire nature collectors 213
- on nature journaling 135
- on personification 146
- on positive outdoor experiences 30
- pressed flower fact 157
- and procedural writing 104
- and reading outdoors 23
- on seeds 180
- simile and metaphor 170
- on snowflakes 100
- on snow people 164
- on sticks 156
- on street art/graffiti 49
- on trees 129
- in unexpected places 120
- Brooklyn New School 151
- C
- Calendars, making 159–161, 200–202
- Casting 186–189
- Cemeteries 144–145
- Chalk 34–51
- cleanup considerations for 36
- math activities using 34–44
- reading/writing activities using 44–51
- Change a letter game 62–65, 72
- Characters 93
- Checklists, visual 26
- Circumference 111
- Citizen science projects 95
- Class meetings 197–204
- Classroom management 19–21
- Clay characters 93
- Cloud stories 102–104
- Cold conditions 28, 167
- Collect 100 activity 36, 152–155
- Collections, making 68–69, 152–155, 210–213
- Combinations, learning 36
- Communication, with guardians 19
- Community involvement 131, 145, 197–199
- Complex words 46
- Contractions 90–92
- Conversions 117
- Counting, skip 36, 38, 52–54, 76–78, 114–116, 156–159
- Crazy boards activity 61
- Creative thinking 168, 172–177
- Crossword games 72
- Culture, building classroom 9, 197
- D
- Data collection 94, 161
- Decimals 38, 113
- Density 100–102
- Descriptive writing 136, 147, 148–149
- Details 136
- Dichotomous keys 177–179
- Direction 191–192
- Discussions, nature objects for 199
- Distances, measuring 116–117
- Documentation, of outside work 38
- Doors, activities using 139
- Dots and shapes activity 57
- Drawing 135
- Drinks, warm 167
- E
- Earth Arts 199
- Earth‐based professional artists 210
- Elimination (math fact toss‐up variation) 56
- Elkonin boxes 72
- Engagement, outdoor learning for 1, 2, 10
- Equivalent fractions, modeling 84–87
- Estimation 145
- Even numbers activity 78, 112
- Expanded form 155–157
- Experiences, positive outdoor 29–30
- Experts, in classrooms 125–131
- Expository writing skills 177
- F
- Fact families 74
- Facts, modeling math 35
- Fear, reducing 29, 30
- Firsts, calendar of 200–202
- Flowers, using 74–76, 150, 152, 156–161
- Force, activities to learn 98
- Fractions 38, 58, 82–87, 217
- Free writes 137–138
- Friction 98
- G
- Games:
- for math 51–59
- memory 70
- for reading/writing 59–68
- Gear 21, 24–29
- General activities:
- leaf flower sorts 74–76
- letter and number rocks 70–74
- using natural materials for 69–76
- Geometry, learning 80–81, 99–100, 106–111, 150, 152, 217
- Graffiti, word 48–50
- Graphemes 46–48, 62–65
- Graphing 94, 164
- Gratitude, class meetings for 197–199
- Graveyards 144–145
- Grouping 113–114, 158
- H
- Hands‐on learning 1, 4
- Handwriting 72
- Headlines, creating 193–195
- High‐frequency words 48–50, 59–62, 67, 73
- History 51, 66
- Homophones 67–68
- Hopscotch games 60–62
- Hot weather, gear for 28
- Humidity 203–204
- Hundred chart 152–155
- I
- Imagination, using 139
- Indoors, inviting nature 197–218
- class meetings for 197–204
- learning tips for 199, 205, 211
- yearlong projects for 204–217
- as zone of accessibility 9–10
- Inferences 172–174
- Insects 129, 180–182
- Inside‐Out organization 30
- J
- Journaling:
- Jump rope activity 54
- L
- Language, learning bird 183
- Lantern School (Earth Arts) 199
- Lattice multiplication 41–42
- Leaf flower sorts 74–76
- Leafixes activity 92
- Leaf sorts 70
- Learning styles 1, 2
- Learning tips:
- for exploring afield 156, 167
- for inviting nature indoors 199, 205, 211
- for neighborhoods 107, 109, 120, 131, 135, 144
- for planning/preparation 23, 25–26, 32
- for schoolyards 36, 38, 40, 78, 82, 94, 100
- Leaves:
- Lessons, class schedule for various 22
- Letters, learning 44–46, 62–65, 70–74, 118–119
- Libraries:
- nature 205
- outdoor gear 25
- Lines, number 37–40
- Loads, experimenting with different 98
- Locations, choosing 8–9, 13–17, 67, 131
- M
- Machines, activity about simple 98
- Management, classroom 19–21
- Manhattan New School 151
- Mapmaking 121–123
- Maps, of sit spots 191–192
- Marking up words 72–73
- Masks activity 88–89
- Matching 70
- Materials:
- Math activities:
- area method of multiplication 43–44
- bean bag toss 54–56
- calculating water in snow 100–102
- calendar of bloom 159–161
- in cemeteries/graveyards 144
- collect 100 natural items 152–155
- creating arrays 81–82
- designing playgrounds 96–97
- finding arrays/groups during 113–114
- flower geometry 150, 152
- hopscotch 62
- investigating snowflakes 99–100
- lattice multiplication 41–42
- to learn geometry 106–111
- math fact toss‐up 56–57
- to measure distances 116–117
- measuring snow people 164–167
- modeling fractions 82–87
- in natural areas 109
- natural materials for 215
- number ladders 39–41
- number lines 37–39
- number‐themed 111–113
- physics on the playground 97–99
- place value sticks 76–80
- in schoolyards 93–94, 96–102
- scoot game 57–58
- skip counting 52–54, 114–116
- sledding races 161–164
- snowball target 58–59
- stick geometry 80–81
- ten frames 35–37
- 3D shapes in snow 87–88
- using chalk 34–44
- using flowers/leaves 156–159
- Math fact toss‐up game 56–57
- Measuring wheels 117
- Meditation 129, 190
- Meetings, class 197–204
- Memory games 70
- Mental health 1–2, 6
- Mental math 39, 51
- Metaphors 170
- Mid‐layers, insulating 24, 27, 28
- Montessori‐style activity bins 215
- Movable letters 70–71
- Mudpies 83–87
- Multiplication 41–44, 52–54, 78, 81–82, 156–159
- Multisensory 1, 4, 34, 90, 218. See also Sensory
- Museums, classroom nature 211, 213
- N
- Narrative writing 202
- Natural areas. See also Afield, exploring
- math walks in 109
- studies beyond 151
- as zone of accessibility 4, 8–9
- Natural materials:
- additional ways to use 78
- in class meetings/discussions 199
- collecting 152–155
- to create storyboards 50–51
- general activities using 69–76
- math activities using 35, 76–88
- reading/writing activities using 88–93
- in schoolyards 68–93
- self‐portraits with 208–210
- for yearlong projects 214–215
- Nature:
- books to inspire collectors of 213
- connections, to nature 1, 9, 189
- journaling 135, 158, 161, 205–208
- respecting 211
- riddles about 139–141
- in unexpected places 119–121
- Neighborhoods 105–149
- Notebooks, outdoor 32
- Number bonds activity 78
- Number ladders 39–41
- Number lines 37–40
- Number rocks 70–74
- Numbers, learning 109, 113
- Number sentences 73
- Number‐themed math walks 111–113
- O
- Objects, nature 199
- Observation skills 123–129, 185–186, 189–191, 193–195
- Odd numbers activities 78, 112
- Order of operations 73
- Orientation, learning about 191–192
- Outdoor learning tips
- alternative number line methods 40
- chalk cleanup considerations 36
- classroom nature library 205
- documenting outdoor work 38
- leaf sorts, matching, and memory games 70
- making quality outdoor gear accessible for all 25
- math walks in natural environments 109
- more ways to use natural materials 78
- move independent reading outdoors 23
- nature journaling 135
- nature objects in class meetings and discussions 199
- outdoor notebooks 32
- portable writing surfaces 107
- recording work in wet or snowy conditions 94
- respecting nature when collecting 211
- stick safety 156
- using snow to make arrays 82
- utilizing cemeteries and graveyards 144
- utilizing community voices and resources 131
- warm drinks 167
- winter in the schoolyard 100
- Outdoor notebooks 32
- Outdoors, benefits of teaching 1–4
- Outer layers, weatherproof 24, 27, 28
- P
- Packets, seed 171–172
- Paper, leaves as 76
- Parental support, for outdoor learning 19
- Parks 4, 8–9. See also Afield, exploring
- Parts of speech activity 67
- Patterns 214–215
- Pendulums 98
- Perimeter activity 80–81
- Personification 146
- Phenology wheels 215–217
- Phonemes 46–48, 62–65, 118–119, 168
- Phonics 44–46, 48–50, 60–65, 118–119, 145
- Photo display activity 51
- Physical health, from outdoor learning 1
- Physics, on the playground 97–99
- Picture card spelling 72
- Place value 111, 113, 155–157
- Place value sticks 76–80
- Planning and preparation 13–33
- of gear 21, 23–29
- learning tips for 23, 25–26, 32
- of materials 30–33
- of outdoor locations 13–17
- and parental support 19
- for positive outdoor experiences 29–30
- safety considerations for 17–18
- sample outdoor class schedule for 22
- of time/classroom management 19–21
- Plants 150–189
- classification of 72, 73, 177–179
- math activities using 150–167
- reading/writing activities using 167–177
- science activities using 177–189
- Plaster of Paris 187–188
- Playacting 88–89
- Playgrounds, using 65–67, 96–99
- Portable writing surfaces 107
- Predictions activity 161
- Prefixes 45–46, 92
- Procedural writing 103–104
- Programs, outdoor 4
- Public speaking skills 208
- Punctuation 67–68
- Puzzles, and word ladders 46–48
- R
- Races, sledding 161–164
- Rainy conditions, gear for 28
- Rate, investigating 99
- Ratios 100–102
- Read‐alouds 120, 137, 148–149, 210
- Reading and writing activities. See also Writing activities
- building settings 175–177
- change a letter 62–65
- clay characters 93
- collect the alphabet 167–169
- creating a wild seed catalog 170–172
- hopscotch 60–62
- leaf contractions 90–92
- leafixes 92
- from a leaf's perspective 174–175
- leaf syllables 90
- letter rocks 70–74
- to map neighborhoods 121–123
- masks and playacting 88–89
- and nature in unexpected places 119–121
- playground words 65–67
- sentence challenge 67–68
- similes and metaphors 170
- storyboards 50–51
- storytelling with tracks 172–174
- using chalk 44–51
- word graffiti 48–50
- word ladders 46–48
- words in neighborhood 118–119
- word squares 44–46
- word tic‐tac‐toe 59–60
- Reading comprehension 66, 89, 106. See also Reading and writing activities
- Reading outdoors 23
- Reading words 65–67
- Reflections, year‐end 209
- Research skills 123–125, 129, 144, 145, 161
- Resources:
- on bird languages 183
- on citizen science projects 95
- on dichotomous keys 178
- inventorying neighborhood's 105
- on leaf shapes 125
- on nature 135
- on read‐alouds 137
- on seed catalogs 171
- utilizing community 131
- on word ladders 48
- Rhymes, skip counting 53
- Rhythm 54
- Riddles 67, 139–141
- Rocks, letter and number 70–74
- Roll to Twenty game 35, 36
- Root words 92
- Rounding 112–113
- Running totals 113
- S
- Safety considerations:
- and planning/preparation 17–18
- strangers 139
- when using sticks 156
- Sand tables 214
- Scale 122, 191–192
- Scavenger hunt, for seeds 179–180
- Schedules, outdoor classroom 19–22
- Schoolyards 34–104
- activities in 93–104
- learning games in 51–68
- learning tips for 36, 38, 40, 78, 82, 94, 100
- using chalk in 34–51
- using natural materials in 68–93
- as zone of accessibility 4–7, 13
- Science activities:
- attracting birds 94–96
- bird talk 182–184
- calculating water in snow 100–102
- designing playgrounds 96–97
- identifying tracks 172–174
- insect inventories 180–182
- investigating snowflakes 99–100
- leaf guides 123–125
- natural materials for 215
- observing bird behavior 184–186
- physics on the playground 97–99
- plant classification 177–179
- in schoolyards 93–102
- seeds scavenger hunt 179–180
- track casting 186–189
- Scoot game 57–58
- Scrambled words activity 67
- Seasons, learning about 200–202
- Seating options, outdoor 15
- Seeds, activities using 170–172, 179–180
- Self‐portraits 208–210
- Semantics 67–68
- Senses, learning about 136
- Sensory 44, 100, 215. See also Writing activities
- Sensory activity 215
- Sentence activity 73, 76
- Sentences 66–68
- Sequencing 65–67
- Settings 137–138, 175–177, 195
- Shapes 57, 80–81, 109, 110, 150
- Sight words, see High‐frequency words
- Silence, variation of math‐fact toss up 57
- Silly sentence activity 73, 76
- Similes 170
- Simple machines activity 98
- Sit spots 189–196
- Skip counting 36, 38, 52–54, 76–78, 114–116
- Sledding races 161–164
- Snow, activities using 58–59, 81, 82, 87–88, 99–100, 164–167
- Snowy conditions, learning tips for 94
- Social‐emotional needs 2, 10
- Sorting activities 66–67, 70, 74–76, 88, 119, 177
- Soto, Gary 147
- Sound boxes 72
- Sounds, activities to learn 61, 72, 119. See also Phonemes
- Spaces, outdoor classroom 14–15
- Spatial reasoning skills activity 121–123
- Species, learning about 95, 169
- Speed activity 164
- Spelling 48–50, 59–65, 67–68, 72
- Spirals 109
- Stairs, activities using 54, 116, 117
- Standardized test scores 3
- Starting point experiment 98
- Sticks, activities using 76–81, 156
- Stick safety 156
- Storyboards 50–51
- Story elements 51
- Storytelling 102–104, 137–138, 164, 166, 172–174, 186, 195
- Street art 48–49
- Street names activity 119
- Stress, reducing 2, 190
- Subitizing activities 57, 72, 79
- Subtraction activities 36–38, 74, 77, 86
- Suffixes, activities to learn 92
- Summaries 51, 217
- Supply lists:
- of natural materials 69
- for outdoor learning 31–33
- Support, for outdoor learning 16–17
- Surface area 88
- Syllables 60–62, 90
- Symmetry 83, 110, 111
- T
- Temperature 203
- Ten frames math activity 35–37, 82
- “Ten ways” activity 145–146
- 3D models 122–123
- 3D shapes in snow activity 87–88
- Three‐layer rule 24, 27–28
- Tic‐tac‐toe word game 59–60
- Time, learning about 74, 113, 200–202
- Timelines, historical 66, 145
- Time management 19–21
- Tourism agencies activity 141–143
- Tours, tree 133–134
- Tracks, using 95, 172–174, 186–189
- Trees 123–134
- books about 129
- inventorying 130–132
- and leaf guide activity 123–125
- leaf resources 125
- locations for using 131
- as overlooked resource 105–106
- and tree arborists/experts 130
- and tree tours activity 133–134
- utilizing stumps of 6
- Trundle wheels 117
- V
- Verb forms 46
- Visual checklists 26
- Visual impairments, and sit spots 190–191
- Vocabulary 48–50, 65–67
- Voices, community 131
- Volume 87–88, 100–102, 164–167
- W
- Wainwright, Alfred 21
- Walking adventures 106–135
- for math 106–117
- for reading and writing 117–123
- and utilizing trees 123–134
- Wall displays, about trees 132
- War, learning about 145
- Water, activity using 100–102
- Watercolor art 161
- Water tables 214
- Weather:
- gear for 21, 28–29
- and outdoor meeting areas 13–14, 94
- station 97
- tracking 202–204
- Wet conditions 28, 94
- Wild seed catalogs 170–172
- Wind speed, tracking 203–204
- Winter, outdoor instruction during 100, 196
- Words:
- activities to learn 118–119
- game using playground 65–67
- high‐frequency words 48–50, 59–62, 67, 73
- marking up 72
- in neighborhoods 118–119
- reading 65–67
- scrambling 73
- to show importance 145
- sorting 119
- tic‐tac‐toe games using 59–60
- writing 4
- Word graffiti 48–50
- Word ladders 46–48
- Word problems 43, 58
- Word squares 44–46
- Work, documenting outdoor 38
- Writing:
- descriptive 136
- expository 177
- free 137–138
- narrative 202
- portable surfaces for 107
- procedural 103–104
- Writing activities. See also Reading and writing activities
- cloud stories 102–104
- descriptive writing 136
- imagining what is behind doors 139
- leaf guide 123
- nature riddles 139–141
- neighborhood odes 147, 148–149
- neighborhoods as setting 137–138
- news, sit spot 193–195
- personification 146
- procedural writing 103–104
- “ten ways” versions 145–146
- tourism agencies 141–143
- for utilizing schoolyards 102–104
- Y
- Year‐end reflections 209
- Yearlong projects 205–217
- class nature journals 205–208
- natural materials for 214–215
- nature collections 210–213
- observing trees 125–129
- phenology wheels 215–217
- self‐portraits 208–210
- sit spots 189–196
- Z
- Zones of accessibility 4–11
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