Cover image for VFD Challenges for Shipboard Electrical Power System Design

VFD Challenges for Shipboard Electrical Power System Design

Author Mohammed M. Islam
Release Date: 2019/11/01
ISBN: 9781119463382
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Book Description

An in-depth exploration of shipboard power generation and distribution system design that utilizes variable frequency drives

The variable frequency drive (VFD) application is a proven technology for shore-based applications. However, shore-based VFDs often are unsuitable for shipboard applications because the power generation and distribution fundamentals are completely different. VFD Challenges for Shipboard Electrical Power System Design explores the problems presented by variable frequency drives as they are applied in shipboard power generation and distribution system design and offers solutions for meeting these challenges.

VFDs with configurations such as six pulse drive, 12 pulse drive, 18 pulse drive, active front end, pulse width modulation and many others generate many different levels of harmonics. These harmonics are often much higher than the regulations allow. This book covers a range of techniques used to provide ships with efficient energy that minimizes mechanical and electrical stress. This important book:

  • Offers a comparison of shipboard grounding and VFD grounding
  • Contains an analysis of the VFD effect in terms of shipboard power quality
  • Includes specific examples of Department of Transportation standards regarding VFDs

Written for commercial and naval engineers designing ships and/or shipboard power systems, VFD Challenges for Shipboard Electrical Power System Design is a comprehensive resource that addresses the problems and solutions associated with shipboard applications of VFD.

Table of Contents

  1. Cover
  2. Preface
  3. About the Author
  4. 1 Overview – VFD Motor Controller
    1. 1.1 MIL‐STD‐1399 Shipboard Power System and Total Harmonic Requirements
    2. 1.2 Shipboard Power System Design Fundamentals
    3. 1.3 Shipboard Low Voltage Power System Design Development With VFD and Verification
    4. 1.4 Low Voltage Motor and Cable Insulation Stress Due to Variable Frequency Drive
    5. 1.5 Shipboard Power Quality and Harmonics Requirements
    6. 1.6 Ship Smart System Design (S3D) for System Design With VFD (See Chapter 9)
    7. 1.7 Carrier Frequency Ranges for Typical Solid State Devices
    8. 1.8 VFD Fundamentals
    9. 1.9 Apparent Power for Linear and Non‐linear Loads With and Without Harmonics
    10. 1.10 Ship Smart System Design (S3D) – “Digital Twin”
  5. 2 Propulsion System Adjustable Speed Drive
    1. 2.1 The Shipboard Propulsion Power ASD/VFD Anomalies
    2. 2.2 Shipboard Electrical Propulsion System With Adjustable Speed Drive and Ship Service Power With Transformer and Motor‐Generator (MG) Set (Figure 2.1 and 2.2)
    3. 2.3 VFD System Design Verification
    4. 2.4 Typical DP ASD Propulsion, and Thrusters All With VFD Drives (Figure 2.3)
  6. 3 VFD Motor Controller for Ship Service Auxiliaries
    1. 3.1 480 V System with VFD Auxiliaries (Low Power‐Weak Distribution Bus)
    2. 3.2 6600 V Generation and 690 V Distribution with VFD on Both Buses
    3. 3.3 450 V Ship Service Bus With 6 Pulse VFD and Active Front End (AFE) VFD
    4. 3.4 A 690 V Distribution System With Delta–Wye–Delta Transformer Isolation
    5. 3.5 A 690 V Ship Service Bus Powering VFD With Details of VFD Feeder Cable and Motor Feeder Cable
  7. 4 Shipboard Power System With LVDC and MVDC for AC and DC Application
    1. 4.1 The Advantage of Using DC Distribution
    2. 4.2 Typical Direct Current Power Distribution System (Refer to Figure 4.1)
  8. 5 Shipboard VFD Application and System Grounding
    1. 5.1 VFD Motor Controller and Grounding
    2. 5.2 Grounding for the VFD Motor Controller EMI
    3. 5.3 NVIC 2‐89 Requirement for Ground Detection for Ungrounded System and Grounded System (Extract Only)
    4. 5.4 System Grounding – IEEE‐45 and USCG Requirements
    5. 5.5 Practical Consideration of Selecting Specific Type of High Resistance Grounding (HRG) For Shipboard Ungrounded Power System
    6. 5.6 IEEE‐142 Ground Monitoring Requirements
    7. 5.7 IEC Requirements
    8. 5.8 Recommendations for System Grounding
    9. 5.9 Insulation Monitoring
    10. 5.10 System Capacitance to Ground Charging Current Calculation (Taken From IEEE‐142)
    11. 5.11 Total System Capacitance‐Measurements
    12. 5.12 Grounding Transformer Size Calculation
    13. 5.13 Extract From IEEE‐142‐Harmonic Current Circulation
    14. 5.14 Grounding Resistor Selection Guideline per IEEE‐32 Standard
    15. 5.15 Grounding Resistor Duty Rating
    16. 5.16 (IEEE‐142 Section 1.5.2)‐ZIGZAG Grounding Transformers
    17. 5.17 Explanations of Ground Detection System (IEEE‐142 Base Figure Numbers in this Text)
    18. 5.18 The Rating And Testing Neutral Grounding Resistors‐ IEEE‐32 Standard
  9. 6 Shipboard Power Quality and VFD Effect
    1. 6.1 Motor Starting Current With Various Starters
    2. 6.2 Harmonics Requirements: IEEE‐519‐1992 versus IEEE‐519‐2014
    3. 6.3 Solid State Devices Carrier Frequency
    4. 6.4 MIL‐STD‐1399 THD Requirements
    5. 6.5 IEEE‐519 THD Requirements (1992 and 2014 Version)
    6. 6.6 Current Harmonic
    7. 6.7 Harmonic Numbering
    8. 6.8 DNV Regulation ‐ Harmonic Distortion
    9. 6.9 Choice Of 18 Pulse Drive Versus 6 Pulse Drive With Active Harmonic Filter
    10. 6.10 Typical Calculation of Total Harmonic Distortion and Filter Applications
  10. 7 Shipboard Power System FMEA for VFD Motor Controller
    1. 7.1 FMEA Analysis‐Adaptation
    2. 7.2 Typical Design and Development of Power Generation to Serve Typical Ship Service Load
    3. 7.3 Design Verification – General
    4. 7.4 Qualitative Failure Analysis (QFA)
    5. 7.5 Design Verification Test Procedure General – DVTP
    6. 7.6 Automation – FMEA Matters
    7. 7.7 VFD/ASD Motor Controller FMEA Initiative
    8. 7.8 Ship Service Generator
  11. 8 Shipboard VFD Cable Selection, Installation, and Termination
    1. 8.1 Shipboard Cable for VFD Application
    2. 8.2 Cable Shielding Guide per IEEE‐1143
    3. 8.3 VFD Cable Characteristics and Termination Techniques
    4. 8.4 VFD Cable Issues for Shipboard Application
    5. 8.5 ABS Steel Vessel Rule: Part 4 Chapter 8 Section 4 – Shipboard Cable Application
    6. 8.6 Drain Wire
    7. 8.7 IEEE‐45.8 VFD Cable Application Extract
    8. 8.8 VFD System Stray Noise Circulation Details
    9. 8.9 VFD Cable Installation Recommended
    10. 8.10 Shipboard Grounding and Bonding Termination Recommendation
    11. 8.11 EMC Cable Glands
  12. 9 Ship Smart System Design (S3D) and Digital Twin
    1. 9.1 Smart Ship System Design (S3D) Overview ‐ VFD and ASD
    2. 9.2 Ship Design Regulatory Fundamentals – Electrical System Design and Development
    3. 9.3 S3D Based Modelling and Simulation for Design Verification
    4. 9.4 Sample System Level THD Requirements
    5. 9.5 Variable Frequency Drive – Solid State Devices Carrier Frequency Ranges
    6. 9.6 Risk Factors for VFD and ASD Application‐Shipboard Power System
  13. Appendices
    1. Appendix A Equations
    2. Appendix B VFD to Motor Capacitive Ground Path
    3. Appendix C Proper System Grounding to Manage Common Mode Current
    4. Appendix D Grounded System Balance and Unbalanced Load Calculation
    5. Appendix E Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) High Frequency Noise Management
    6. Appendix F Steering Gear Motor Overload Protection Issue
  14. Bibliography
  15. Glossary
  16. Index
  17. End User License Agreement
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