Answers to Chapter 4 Review Questions

1: What does hierarchy provide in a well-designed netork?
A1: The foundation, or the skeleton on which everything else hangs.
2: What is the primary tool used to bound the area affected by network changes?
A2: Summarization.
3: How can you determine which links can be removed from a fully-meshed core network to decrease the number of links?
A3: By looking at the normal traffic patterns and determining which points the majority of the traffic will flow between.
4: What provides ways around failure points in the network?
A4: Redundancy.
5: What two things are most desirable in a routing protocol?
A5: Low overhead and fast convergence.
6: What can a routing protocol do to decrease it's burden to hosts that are not running routing on a network?
A6: Use multicast or unicast routing updates, reduce the frequency of updates, and reduce the number of packets required to transmit the required information.
7: List the addressing problems that are caused by having multiple links to external networks.
A7:
  • Addressing conflicts with partners

  • Injecting multiple routes from external networks into your network

8: Given the network shown in Figure 4-10, how many routes do you think a core router will have in its table if no summarization is applied?
A8: 48 dial-ins, 95 remote sites, 8 links between the access and distribution layers, 6 common services networks, 9 HQ VLANs, 2 default routes, 3 routes to partner networks, 10 links from the core to other parts of the network, and 7 core network links. The total would be at least 179, not counting redundancy.
9: How many routes do you think a core router will have in its table if all possible summarization is done?
A9: 9 summaries from routers outside the core, 10 links from the core to other parts of the network, and 7 core network links. The total would be around 26.
10: Define the core, distribution, and access layers of the network shown in Figure 4-11.
11: Correct any problems in the topology that will affect the stability of the network pictured in Figure 4-11. Explain the changes you make and why.
12: Address the network shown in Figure 4-11 in a way that reduces the routes in the core to a minimum.

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