Chapter 1

1. Plato, Apology (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1969), 38a, p. 72.

2. Gerald M. Nosich, Learning to Think Things Through (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, Prentice Hall, 2009).

3. Robert Ennis, “A taxonomy of critical thinking skills and dispositions,” in Baron and Sternberg (eds.) Teaching Thinking Skills: Theory and Practice (New York, NY: Freeman, 1987).

4. S. P Norris, “Synthesis of Research on Critical Thinking,” Educational Leadership, vol. 42, no. 8, May 1985, pp 40–45.

5. Daniel J. Kurland, I Know What It Says … What Does It Mean? (Florence, KY: Wadsworth Publishing, 1995).

6. Ibid., p. 34.

7. William Graham Sumner, Folkways: A Study of the Sociological Importance of Usages, Manners, Customs, Mores, and Morals (New York, NY: Ginn and Co.1940).