Index

A note on the digital index

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Symbols

! (not) operator, Solution
!= (not equal to) operator, Solution
% (modulus) operator, See Also, Discussion
& (ampersand), Discussion
& (bitwise AND) operator, Solution
&& (logical AND) operator, Solution
&=operator, Solution
* (multiplication) operator, Solution
*= operator, Solution
+ (addition) operator, Solution
+ string operator, Discussion
+= operator, Solution
- (subtraction) operator, Solution
-= operator, Solution
/ (division) operator, Solution, Problem
/= operator, Solution
< (less than) operator, Solution
<<(bit-shift left) operator, Solution
<<= operator, Solution
<= (less than or equal to) operator, Solution
<> (angle brackets), Discussion
= (assignment) operator, Discussion
== (equal to) operator, Solution
> (greater than) operator, Solution
>= (greater than or equal to) operator, Solution
>>(bit-shift right) operator, Solution
>>= operator, Solution
^ (bitwise exclusive OR) operator, Solution
{} (curly brackets), Solution
| (bitwise OR) operator, Solution
|= operator, Solution
|| (logical OR) operator, Solution
~ (bitwise negation) operator, Solution

A

abs function, Solution, Discussion
absolute value of numbers, Problem
AC line voltage
controlling devices, Problem–Discussion
working with, Working with AC Line Voltages
accel sketch, Solution
acceleration, reading, Problem
accelerometer, Wii nunchuck, Solution, Problem–Discussion
actions
based on conditions, Problem
based on variables, Problem–See Also
actuators, activating, Problem–Series 1 XBees
Adafruit Industries
Boarduino board, Arduino Hardware
wave shield, Solution–See Also
XBee Adapter, Solution, Discussion
ADC (analog-to-digital converter), Discussion, Discussion, Discussion
(see also analogRead function)
ADCSRA register, Discussion
addition (+) operator, Problem
AdjustClockTime sketch, Discussion
alarms
calling function with, Problem–Discussion
creating, Solution–See Also
Allen, Charlie, Discussion
ampersand (&), Discussion
amplitude, defined, Discussion
analog panel meters, Problem–Discussion
analog pins, Analog and Digital Pins
(see also digitalRead function)
about, Introduction, Analog and Digital Pins
adjusting LED brightness, Solution–Discussion
changing range of values, Problem
common pin assignments, Digital and Analog Pins–Digital and Analog Pins
detecting input, Introduction
detecting rotation using gyroscope, Solution–Discussion
displaying voltages, Problem–Discussion
increasing number of outputs, Problem–See Also
measuring distance, Discussion
measuring temperature, Discussion
measuring values quickly, Problem–See Also
measuring voltage, Problem–Discussion
pin arrangements, Introduction
reading multiple inputs, Problem–See Also
reading voltage on, Problem
responding to voltage changes, Problem
saving values to logfiles, Problem–See Also
sending values of, Problem–See Also
sequencing multiple LEDs, Solution–See Also
visual output and, Analog Output
analog-to-digital converter (ADC), Discussion, Discussion, Discussion
(see also analogRead function)
AnalogMeter sketch, Solution
analogRead function
additional information, See Also
changing range of values, Problem
controlling servos, Discussion
detecting sound, Discussion
displaying voltages, Problem–Discussion
LED blinking code example, Discussion
measuring distance, Discussion, Solution
measuring temperature, Discussion
measuring values quickly, Problem–See Also
measuring voltages, Discussion
reading voltages, Solution
responding to voltage changes, Problem
sensors and, Introduction, Discussion
analogWrite function
adjusting LED brightness, Discussion
analog panel meters, Discussion
controlling brushed motor speed, Discussion
detecting mouse movement, Discussion
timers and, Timers
visual output and, Analog Output
angle brackets (<>), Discussion
animation effects
beating heart, Problem–See Also
smiling face, Solution–Discussion
anodes
common, Solution, Discussion
defined, LED specifications
Arduino boards
about, Arduino Hardware
additional information, See Also
communicating between, Problem–See Also
interrupts and, Discussion
Linux environment, Solution
Mac environment, Solution
memory support, Introduction
pin arrangements, Introduction–Introduction, SPI, Digital and Analog Pins–Digital and Analog Pins
serial communication, Serial Hardware
setting up, Problem
simultaneous tones and, Solution
timers and, Timers
uploading/running Blink sketch, Problem–See Also
Windows environment, Solution
Arduino build process, Problem–See Also
Arduino environment
getting started with projects, Problem–See Also
IDE installation, Problem–See Also
introduction, Introduction
preparing sketches, Problem–Discussion
setting up Arduino boards, Problem
Arduino Playground
about, Introduction, Discussion
troubleshooting problems, Tips on Troubleshooting Hardware Problems, Still Stuck?
Arduino software, Arduino Software
(see also sketches)
about, Arduino Software
IDE installation, Solution–See Also
version control and, Discussion
ArduinoMouse.pde (Processing sketch), Solution
arguments
defined, Solution
as references, Discussion
array sketch, Solution
arrays
defined, Discussion
of LEDs, Problem–See Also
in sketches, Problem
strings and, Discussion, Problem–See Also, Solution
ASCII character set
common control codes, ASCII and Extended Character Sets
converting to numeric values, Discussion
null value, Discussion
reading RFID tags, Discussion
tables of, ASCII and Extended Character Sets–ASCII and Extended Character Sets
zero value, Discussion
assignment (=) operator, Discussion
ATCN command, Discussion
ATD02 command, Series 1 XBees
ATD13 command, Series 1 XBees
ATD14 command, Series 1 XBees
ATDH command, Series 1 configuration, Discussion
ATDL command, Series 1 configuration, Discussion
ATIA1234 command, Series 1 XBees
ATICFF command, Series 1 XBees
ATID command, Series 1 configuration, Series 1 XBees, Series 1 XBees
ATIR64 command, Series 1 XBees
ATIU1 command, Series 1 XBees
Atmel ATmega 168/328 data sheets, See Also
ATMY command, Series 1 configuration, Discussion, Series 1 XBees
atoi function, Solution, Discussion
atol function, Solution, Discussion
ATRE command, Series 1 XBees, Series 1 XBees
attachInterrupt function, Interrupts, Discussion
ATWR command, Series 1 configuration, Series 1 XBees
Audacity utility, Discussion
audio output
about, Introduction–Introduction
controlling MIDI, Problem–See Also
detecting sound, Problem–Discussion
fading an LED, Problem–See Also
generating audio tones, Problem–See Also
making synthesizers, Problem–See Also
multiple simultaneous tones, Problem–Discussion
playing simple melodies, Problem–Solution
playing tones, Problem–See Also
playing WAV files, Problem–See Also
Auduino sketch, Solution–See Also
AVR-GCC application, Discussion
avr-objdump tool, Discussion
Avrdude utility, Discussion
AVRfreaks website, See Also, See Also

B

<b> tag, Discussion
Babel Fish translation web app, Discussion
background noise, Introduction
backlight (LCD)
defined, Solution
limiting current to, Solution
bar graphs, Problem–See Also, Discussion–See Also, Solution–Discussion
Bargraph sketch, Solution, Discussion
Basic_Strings sketch, Solution
batteries
connecting to/using, Connecting and Using External Power Supplies and Batteries
reducing drain, Problem–See Also
battery eliminator circuit (BEC), Discussion
baud rate
defined, Discussion
GPS, Discussion
Serial Monitor, Discussion
BCD (Binary Coded Decimal), Discussion
bcd2dec function, Discussion
BEC (battery eliminator circuit), Discussion
Binary Coded Decimal (BCD), Discussion
binary format
displaying special symbols, Discussion
receiving data in, Problem–See Also
sending data in, Problem, Problem–See Also
sending values from Processing, Problem–Discussion
bipolar steppers
about, Stepper Motors
driving, Problem–Discussion
driving using EasyDriver board, Problem–Discussion
bit function, Solution
bitClear function, Solution, Discussion
bitFunctions sketch, Solution
bitmaps for GLCD displays, Problem–See Also
bitRead function
driving 7-segment LED displays, Discussion
functionality, Solution
reading multiple analog inputs, Discussion
sending multiple pin values, Discussion
bits
sending pin values, Problem–See Also
serial communication, Serial Hardware
setting/reading, Problem–See Also
shifting, Problem
bits sketch, Solution
bitSet function, Solution, Discussion
bitwise operations, Problem–See Also
bitWrite function, Solution
blink function, Discussion, Discussion
Blink sketch
loading, Solution, Problem–See Also
running, Problem–See Also
turning cursor on/off, Solution
blink3 sketch, Solution
BlinkLED function, Solution–See Also
blinkLibTest sketch, Solution
BlinkM module, Problem–See Also
BlinkM sketch, Solution
BlinkMTester sketch, Discussion
BlinkWithoutDelay sketch, Discussion, Solution
BOB-08669 breakout board, Solution
boolean data type, Solution
bootloader, Introduction
Bray Terminal program, Discussion
breadboards
about, Using a Breadboard
solderless, Introduction
break statement, Discussion, Discussion
brushed and brushless motors
about, Brushed and Brushless Motors
controlling direction with H-Bridge, Problem–Discussion, Problem–Discussion
controlling direction with sensors, Problem–See Also
controlling speed with H-Bridge, Problem–Discussion
controlling speed with sensors, Problem–See Also
driving using speed controllers, Problem
driving using transistors, Problem–Discussion
Brushed_H_Ardumoto sketch, Discussion
Brushed_H_Bridge sketch, Solution
Brushed_H_Bridge_Direction sketch, Solution
Brushed_H_Bridge_simple sketch, Solution
Brushed_H_Bridge_simple2 sketch, Discussion
build process (Arduino), Problem–See Also
built-in libraries, Problem–See Also
byte data type
defined, Solution
shifting bits, Problem
ByteOperators sketch, Solution, Solution

C

.c file extension, Discussion
C language
converting strings to numbers, Solution
preprocessor, See Also
strings and, Problem
camera sketch, Solution
Canon Hack Development Kit, See Also
capacitors
about, Capacitor
connecting to sensors, Discussion
decoupling and, Using Capacitors for Decoupling
carriage return ( ), Discussion
case statement, Discussion, Discussion
cathodes
common, Solution, Discussion, Solution
defined, LED specifications
schematic symbol for, Solution
ceil function, Solution
Celsius temperature scale, Solution, Discussion
char data type, Solution
character strings (see strings)
characters/character values
comparing to numeric, Problem–See Also
converting to numeric, Discussion
creating custom, Problem–Discussion
data type representing, Solution
displaying special symbols, Problem–See Also
Charlieplexing
about, Multiplexing, Solution
controlling LED matrix via, Problem–See Also
Charlieplexing sketch, Solution
chasing lights sequence, Problem
circuit diagrams, Using Schematic Diagrams and Data Sheets
classes, libraries as, Solution
client class (web server)
available method, Discussion
connected method, Discussion
println method, Discussion
read method, Discussion
clocks
displaying time of day, Problem–See Also
real-time, Problem–See Also
synchronizing, Problem–See Also
coding techniques (see programming techniques)
color, adjusting for LEDs, Problem–Discussion
comma-separated text, splitting into groups, Problem–See Also
CommaDelimitedInput sketch, Solution
CommaDelimitedOutput sketch, Solution
common anode, Solution, Discussion
common cathode, Solution, Discussion, Solution
communication protocols, Serial Message Protocol
(see also serial communications; wireless communication; specific protocols)
additional information, Introduction
defined, Serial Message Protocol
comparison operators, Solution–See Also
compasses, detecting direction, Problem–Discussion
compilation process
conditional compilations, Problem
defined, Solution, Discussion
error messages, Discussion
compound operators, Problem
concat function, Discussion
conditions
actions based on, Problem
breaking out of loops based on, Problem
compilations based on, Problem
configureRadio function, Discussion
constant current drivers, See Also
constants
additional information, See Also
assigning values to, Discussion
programming techniques, Problem–See Also
RAM usage and, Discussion
constrain function, Solution
contact bounce, Problem
continuous rotation servos, Problem–Discussion
control codes, ASCII and Extended Character Sets
controller chips, Introduction–See Also, Introduction, Discussion
(see also specific types of controllers)
converting
ASCII characters to numeric values, Discussion
numbers to strings, Problem–Discussion
strings to numbers, Problem, Discussion
Conway, John, Discussion
CoolTerm program, Series 1 configuration
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), Discussion
cos function, Solution
countdown timers, Solution–Discussion
counters
pulse, Solution
repeating statements with, Problem–See Also
timers as, Timers
.cpp file extension, Discussion
curly brackets {}, Solution
cursor (LCD), turning on/off, Problem
cursor (mouse), moving, Problem–See Also
cursorHide function, Discussion
customCharPixels sketch, Solution
customChars sketch, Solution
custom_char sketch, Solution
CuteCom program, Discussion

D

data sheets, reading, How to Read a Data Sheet
data types
Arduino supported, Solution
binary format considerations, Discussion
date
alarms based on, Solution
displaying, Discussion
keeping track of, Discussion
DC motors (see brushed and brushless motors)
DC offset, Discussion
debounce function, Solution–See Also
Debounce sketch, Solution
debouncing process, Problem, Solution–Discussion
debugging
conditional compilations and, Problem
memory management and, Problem
sending information to computers, Problem–See Also
decay rate (LED), Discussion
decimal format
BCD and, Discussion
displaying special symbols, Discussion
sending text in, Problem
decoding IR signals, Problem–See Also
decoupling, capacitors and, Using Capacitors for Decoupling
default (case statement), Discussion
#define preprocessor command, Problem–See Also
DEG_TO_RAD constant, Discussion
delay function
creating delays, Solution
interrupts and, Interrupts
playing tones, Solution
simultaneous tones and, Discussion
timers and, Timers
delay sketch, Solution
delayMicroseconds function, Discussion
delays, time (see time delays)
delimiters, Solution
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
DNS and, Discussion
IP addresses and, Introduction, Problem–Discussion
third-party library, Discussion
dial, tracking movement of, Problem–Discussion, Problem–Discussion
Digi International, Problem
Digi-Key breadboard, Introduction
digital cameras, controlling, Problem–See Also
digital pins, Analog and Digital Pins
(see also digitalRead function)
about, Introduction, Analog and Digital Pins
additional information, See Also
common pin assignments, Digital and Analog Pins–Digital and Analog Pins
configuring to read input, Introduction, Introduction
detecting input, Introduction, Introduction, Introduction
detecting switch closing, Problem–See Also
determining how long switch is pressed, Problem–Discussion
determining switch state, Problem–See Also
internal pull-up resistors, Problem–Discussion
LED matrix example, Solution
measuring pulse duration, Solution
pin arrangements, Introduction
reading keypads, Problem–See Also
saving values to logfiles, Problem–See Also
sending values of, Problem–See Also
setting quickly, Problem–Discussion
SPI devices, SPI
visual output and, Digital Output
digital thermometers, Problem–See Also
digitalClockDisplay function, Discussion
digitalRead function
additional information, See Also
determining switch state, Solution
functionality, Introduction, Introduction, Introduction
monitoring voltage, Discussion
digitalWrite function
additional information, See Also
controlling solenoids and relays, Solution
digital output and, Digital Output
functionality, Introduction
internal pull-up resistors and, Discussion
limitations, Solution–Discussion
diodes
defined, LED specifications, Diode
snubber, Discussion, Using Snubber Diodes with Inductive Loads
direction
controlling for brushed motors, Problem–Discussion, Problem–Discussion, Problem–See Also
detecting (compass), Problem–Discussion
tracking (GPS), Problem–Discussion
Directory Name System (see DNS)
Display5vOrless sketch, Solution
displayBlink function, Discussion
DisplayMoreThan5V sketch, Solution
displayNumber function, Solution, Discussion, Discussion
displays (see LCD displays)
distance, measuring, Problem–Discussion
division (/) operator, Problem, Problem
DNS (Directory Name System)
about, Introduction
DHCP and, Discussion
resolving IP addresses, Problem–Discussion
DNS library
finished function, Discussion
Init function, Discussion
resolve function, Discussion
do...while loop, Discussion
doEncoder function, Discussion
double data type, Solution, Discussion
doubleHeightBars function, Discussion
draw function (Processing), Discussion
DrawBitmap function, Solution
drawBox function, Discussion
DS1307 RTC chip, Solution
DS1307RTC.h library, Solution
DS1337 RTC chip, Solution
Dual Tones sketch, Solution
duration
determining for delays, Problem–See Also
measuring for pulses, Problem
setting for pulses, Problem–Discussion
setting for timers, Problem–See Also
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (see DHCP)

E

EasyDriver board, Problem–Discussion
EEPROM library
about, Solution
adding external memory, Solution
clear function, Discussion
read function, Discussion
storing data, Solution–See Also
write function, Discussion
EEPROM memory
about, Introduction
adding external, Problem–See Also
storing data in, Problem–See Also
802.15.4 standard, Problem–Talking to the Arduino
electronics
additional information, See Also
basic components, Electronic Components–See Also
tutorials about, Introduction
electronics speed controllers
defined, Brushed and Brushless Motors
driving brushless motors, Problem
equal to (==) operator, Solution
error messages
assigning values to constants, Discussion
compilation process, Discussion
uploading sketches, Discussion
Ethernet library
about, Introduction, Solution
begin function, Discussion
security considerations, Discussion
sketches and, Discussion
Ethernet shield
IP addresses and, Problem
setting up, Problem–See Also
EZ1Rangefinder Distance Sensor sketch, Discussion

F

fabs function, Discussion
face, animation effect, Solution–Discussion
Fahrenheit temperature scale, Solution, Solution
Faludi, Robert, Problem
finder.findUtil method, Discussion
Firmata library, See Also, Solution
flash function, Discussion
flash memory (see program memory)
floating-point numbers
data type representing, Solution
memory consumption, Solution
precision of, Discussion
rounding up/down, Problem
in sketches, Problem
floor function, Solution
flow control
additional information, See Also
binary format considerations, Discussion
defined, Discussion
for loop
chasing lights sequence, Discussion
LED matrix example, Discussion
repeating statements with counters, Problem–See Also
ForLoop sketch, Solution
formatted text
LCD displays and, Problem–See Also
sending, Problem–See Also
formatting web server requests, Problem–See Also
forms, creating web pages with, Problem–Discussion
forward voltage, LED specifications
4051 multiplexer, Solution–See Also
FrequencyCounter library, See Also
FrequencyTimer2 library, Discussion
function body, Discussion
function declarations, defined, Discussion
function header, Discussion
function overloading, Discussion
functionReferences sketch, Solution
functions, Problem
(see also specific functions)
adding to sketches, Problem–See Also
Arduino reference, See Also
creating, Solution
creating alarms to call, Problem–Discussion
naming conventions, Discussion
RAM usage and, Discussion
returning multiple values, Problem–Discussion
semicolon in, Discussion, Discussion
trigonometric, Problem
Futurlec LEDM88R, Solution

G

game controllers (see PlayStation game controller)
Game of Life simulation, Discussion
GET command, Discussion, Solution
getCount function, Discussion
getDistance function, Discussion, Discussion
getFloat function, Discussion
getkey function, Discussion
getTableEntry function, Discussion
GettingStarted sketch, Solution
getValue function, Discussion, Discussion
GLCD (graphical LCD) displays
about, Introduction
connecting, Problem–Discussion
creating bitmaps for, Problem–See Also
pin connections, Solution
printing output to, Discussion
GLCD library, Solution
glcd sketch, Solution
GLCDdiags test sketch, Discussion
GLCDImage sketch, Solution
glcdMakeBitmap utility, Solution
global variables, Solution, Discussion, Discussion
GNU screen program, Discussion
Google Calculator, Solution
Google Earth
about, Solution
additional information, See Also
controlling movement in, Problem–See Also
downloading, Discussion
Google Finance, Discussion, Discussion
Google Weather, Discussion, Solution–Solution
Google XML API, Solution
GoogleEarthFS_P sketch, Solution, Discussion
GoogleEarthPSX sketch, Solution
GPS module
creative projects, See Also
getting location from, Problem–See Also
receiving data from, Problem–Receiving data from multiple NewSoftSerial ports
granular synthesis, Discussion
graphical LCD displays (see GLCD displays)
Gravitech 7-segment display shield, Solution–See Also
greater than (>) operator, Solution
greater than or equal to (>=) operator, Solution
Greenwich Mean Time, Discussion
gyro sketch, Solution
gyroscope, detecting rotation with, Problem–Discussion

H

.h file extension, Solution, Discussion
H-Bridge
about, Brushed and Brushless Motors
controlling brushed motor direction, Problem–Discussion, Problem–Discussion
controlling brushed motor speed, Problem–Discussion
driving bipolar stepper motors, Problem–Discussion
Hagman, Brett, See Also, Solution
hardware problems, troubleshooting, Tips on Troubleshooting Hardware Problems–Still Stuck?
hardware sleep function, Discussion
HardwareCounting sketch, Solution
Hart, Mikal, Solution, Solution, Solution, See Also
Hello Matrix sketch, Solution
hexadecimal format
displaying special symbols, Discussion
sending text in, Problem
HID (Human Interface Devices), Discussion
highByte function
additional information, See Also, See Also
functionality, Solution
sending binary data, Discussion
Hitachi HD44780 chip, Introduction, Problem–See Also, See Also
hiWord macro expression, Discussion
HM55bCompass sketch, Solution
hostnames, resolving to IP addresses, Problem–Discussion
HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
about, Introduction
<b> tag, Discussion
formatting requests, Problem–See Also
GET command, Discussion, Solution
POST command, Discussion, Problem–Discussion, Problem–Discussion
<td> tag, Discussion
<tr> tag, Discussion
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), Introduction
hueToRGB function, Discussion, Solution–See Also
Human Interface Devices (HID), Discussion
HyperText Markup Language (see HTML)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Introduction

I

I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit)
about, Introduction–See Also
adding EEPROM memory, Problem–See Also
communicating between Arduino boards, Problem–See Also
controlling RGB LEDs, Problem–See Also
driving 7-segment LEDs, Problem–See Also
integrating port expanders, Problem–See Also
interfacing to RTCs, Problem–See Also
measuring temperature, Problem–See Also
RTC chips and, Discussion
Wii nunchuck accelerometer, Problem–Discussion
I2C-7Segment sketch, Solution
I2CDebug object, Discussion
I2C_7Segment sketch, Solution
I2C_EEPROM sketch, Solution
I2C_Master sketch, Solution, Discussion
I2C_RTC sketch, Solution
I2C_Slave sketch, Solution
I2C_Temperature sketch, Solution
ic2EEPROM_Read function, Discussion
ic2EEPROM_Write function, Discussion
ICR1 (Input Compare Register), Discussion
IDE (integrated development environment)
functionality, Arduino Software
installing, Problem–See Also
preparing sketches with, Problem–Discussion, Solution
IEEE 802.15.4 standard, Problem–Talking to the Arduino
if statement, Discussion
if...else statement, Discussion
images, displaying on LED matrix, Problem–See Also
#include preprocessor command, Preprocessor, Discussion, Discussion
indexOf function, Discussion
infrared technology (see IR (infrared) technology)
init function, Discussion
Input Capture timer facility, Discussion
Input Compare Register (ICR1), Discussion
InputCapture sketch, Solution
int data type
defined, Solution
extracting high/low bytes, Problem–See Also
from high/low bytes, Problem–See Also
shifting bits, Problem
integrated circuits, Integrated Circuit
integrated development environment (see IDE)
Inter-Integrated Circuit (see I2C)
Internet Protocol (IP), Introduction
Internet time server, Problem–See Also
interpolating technique, Discussion
interrupt handlers, Interrupts, Discussion
interrupt service routine, Interrupts
interrupts
additional information, See Also
defined, Interrupts
usage examples, Problem–See Also
Interrupts sketch, Solution
IP (Internet Protocol), Introduction
IP addresses
DNS service and, Introduction, Problem–Discussion
hardcoded, Problem–See Also
local, Introduction
obtaining automatically, Problem–Discussion
unique, Discussion
IR (infrared) technology
decoding signals, Problem–See Also
imitating signals, Problem–See Also
remote control and, Introduction, Problem–Discussion
sensors and, Solution–Discussion
IR receiver module, Solution–Discussion, Solution
ir-distance sketch, Solution
ir-distance_Progmem sketch, Discussion
IRecv object
decode function, Discussion
enableIRIn function, Discussion
resume function, Discussion
IRremote library, Introduction, Solution–Discussion, Discussion
IRsend object, Discussion
irSend sketch, Solution
IR_remote_detector sketch, Solution
itoa function, Discussion

J

Jaggars, Jesse, See Also
Jameco breadboard, Introduction
Java language, Solution
(see also Processing open source tool)
creating bitmaps, Solution
Robot class, Solution, See Also
split method, Discussion
joysticks
accelerometer and, Solution
controlling Google Earth via, Problem–See Also
getting input from, Problem–See Also
.jpg file extension, Discussion
JSON format, Introduction

K

Keypad sketch, Solution
keypads
defined, Keypad
reading, Problem–See Also
Knight, Peter, Solution, Solution
KnightRider sketch, Solution
knock sensors, Solution
KS0108 panel, Solution

L

L293 H-Bridge, Problem–See Also
L293D H-Bridge, Solution–Discussion
Ladyada website, See Also, Discussion
LANC, See Also
lastIndexOf function, Discussion
LCD displays, Problem
(see also GLCD displays)
about, Introduction
additional information, See Also
creating custom characters, Problem–Discussion
displaying special symbols, Problem–See Also
formatting text, Problem–See Also
pin connections, Solution
pixels smaller than single character, Problem–Discussion
printing output to, Discussion
scrolling text, Problem–Discussion
symbols larger than single character, Problem–See Also
text-based, Problem–See Also
turning cursor on/off, Problem
turning display on/off, Problem
LDR (light dependent resistor), Solution, Solution
leading zeros, Discussion
learnKeyCodes function, Discussion
LED bar graph (decay version) sketch, Discussion
LED matrix
controlling via Charlieplexing, Problem–See Also
controlling via multiplexing, Problem–Discussion
controlling via shift registers, Discussion
displaying images on, Problem–See Also
LEDBrightness sketch, Solution
LEDs
about, LED
adjusting brightness of, Problem–Discussion, Solution–Discussion
adjusting color of, Problem–Discussion
blinking code example, Problem–Discussion, Solution–See Also
chasing lights sequence, Problem
connecting and using, Problem–Discussion
controlling array of, Problem–See Also
controlling with BlinkM module, Problem–See Also
creating bar graphs, Problem–See Also, Discussion–See Also
detecting motion, Solution
detecting mouse movement, Solution–Discussion
detecting movement, Solution–See Also
digital pins and, Introduction
driving 7-segment displays, Problem–Discussion, Problem–Discussion, Problem–Solution, Problem–See Also, Problem–Discussion
driving high-power, Problem–See Also
fading, Problem–See Also
imitating IR signals, Problem–See Also
increasing number of analog outputs, Problem–See Also
IR remote control and, Solution
knock sensors and, Discussion
lighting when switch is pressed, Solution–See Also
measuring distance, Solution
multiplexing and, Multiplexing
printing output to, Discussion
sequencing multiple, Problem–See Also
specifications, LED specifications
triggering voltage alarms, Problem–Discussion
wiring XBees to, Series 2 XBees
LEDs sketch, Solution
LED_intensity sketch, Discussion
LED_state sketch, Discussion
Leone, Alex, Solution
less than (<) operator, Solution
less than or equal to (<=) operator, Solution
libraries, Introduction
(see also specific libraries)
about, Introduction
additional information, Solution
built-in, Problem–See Also
as classes, Solution
creating, Problem–See Also, Problem–Discussion
declaring constants, Discussion
declaring global variables, Discussion
installing third-party, Problem
memory usage and, Discussion
modifying, Problem–See Also
sketches and, Discussion
using other libraries, Problem–Discussion
light
chasing lights sequence, Problem
controlling, Controlling Light–Multiplexing
detecting changes in, Problem
light dependent resistor (LDR), Solution, Solution
Lindsay, Phillip, Discussion
line feed ( ), Discussion
Linux environment
Arduino IDE installation, Solution
XBee Series 1 configuration, Series 1 configuration
liquid crystal displays (see LCD displays)
LiquidCrystal library
about, See Also, Solution, Solution
additional information, See Also, See Also
clear function, Discussion
creating custom characters, Discussion
display function, Discussion
FormatText sketch, Solution
Hello World sketch, Solution
noDisplay function, Discussion
print function, Discussion, Discussion
ScrollDisplayLeft function, Solution–Discussion
ScrollDisplayRight function, Solution–Discussion
setCursor function, Discussion
Special Chars sketch, Solution
Lite-On LTC-4727JR, Solution
Lite-On LTD-6440G, Discussion
LM35 heat detection sensor, Solution–Discussion
lm35 sketch, Solution
local IP addresses, Introduction
logfiles, saving data to, Problem–See Also
logical operators, Problem
long data type
defined, Solution
extracting high/low bytes, Problem–See Also
from high/low bytes, Problem–See Also
shifting bits, Problem
lookAround function, Discussion
loop function, Discussion
lowByte function
additional information, See Also, See Also
functionality, Solution
sending binary data, Discussion
lowWord macro expression, Discussion
ltoa function, Discussion

M

MAC address
about, Introduction
unique, Discussion, Discussion
Mac environment
Arduino IDE installation, Solution
moving mouse cursor, Problem–See Also
XBee Series 1 configuration, Series 1 configuration
macro expressions, Discussion
main function, Discussion
makeLong function, Discussion
map function
additional information, See Also
changing range of values, Solution
heart beating effect, Discussion
LED blinking code example, Discussion
Map sketch, Solution
marquee function, Discussion
Marquee sketch, Discussion
master devices (I2C)
communicating between Arduino boards, Solution–See Also
defined, I2C
master devices (SPI), SPI
mathematical operators
constraining numbers to range of values, Problem
determining absolute value, Problem
extracting high/low bytes, Problem–See Also
finding remainder after division, Problem
incrementing/decrementing values, Problem
int from high/low bytes, Problem–See Also
minimum/maximum of values, Problem
precedence considerations, Discussion
raising numbers to a power, Problem
random number generation, Problem–See Also
rounding floating-point numbers, Problem
setting/reading bits, Problem–See Also
shifting bits, Problem
simple math using, Problem
square roots, Problem
trigonometric functions, Problem
Matrix library, Solution, Solution, Solution
matrixMpx sketch, Solution
matrixMpxAnimation sketch, Solution
max function, Solution, Discussion
Max7221_digits sketch, Solution
MAX72xx devices
controlling array of LEDs, Problem–See Also
driving 7-segment displays, Problem–Solution, Problem–Discussion
MaxBotix EZ1 sensor, Discussion
McCauley, Mike, Solution
Media Access Control address (see MAC address)
Mega boards
EEPROM memory in, Discussion
GLCDs and, Solution
I2C and, I2C
Input Capture timer facility, Discussion
interrupts and, Discussion
pin arrangements, Introduction, SPI, Digital and Analog Pins–Digital and Analog Pins
serial ports, Serial Hardware, Solution–Discussion
simultaneous tones and, Problem
timers and, Timers
melodies, playing, Problem–Solution
memory management, Introduction
(see also specific types of memory)
adding external, Problem–See Also
additional information, See Also
Arduino boards and, Introduction
bitmaps and, Problem
constants and, Problem–See Also
determining free/used, Problem–See Also
floating-point numbers and, Solution
libraries and, Discussion
storing/retrieving numeric values, Problem–Discussion
storing/retrieving strings, Problem–Discussion
web pages and, Problem–Discussion
memoryFree function, Solution
mesh networks, XBee and, Introduction
messages
communications protocol, Serial Message Protocol
MIDI, Problem–See Also
receiving binary data, Problem–See Also
receiving multiple text fields, Problem–See Also
sending binary data, Problem–See Also
sending binary values from Processing, Problem–Discussion
sending multiple text fields, Problem–See Also
sending via wireless modules, Problem–See Also
sending/receiving with UDP, Problem–Discussion
Twitter, Problem–Discussion
Microchip 24LC128 EEPROM, Solution, See Also
microphone sketch, Solution
microphones, detecting sound, Solution–Discussion
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface), Introduction, Problem–See Also
MIDI library, See Also
midiOut sketch, Solution
millis function
additional information, See Also
creating delays, Discussion
duration of delays, Problem–See Also
interrupts and, Interrupts
managing time, See Also
simultaneous tones and, Solution, Discussion
timers and, Timers
millisDuration sketch, Solution
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions), Discussion
min function, Solution
Modern Device Bare Bones Boards, Discussion
modulus (%) operator, See Also, Discussion
momentary tactile switches, Discussion
MorningAlarm function, Discussion
Morse sketch, Solution
moserial program, Discussion
motion detection, Problem
motors, Motor (DC), Motor (DC)
(see also brushed and brushless motors; servo motors; solenoids and relays; stepper motors)
mouse
detecting movements of, Problem–Discussion
moving cursor, Problem–See Also
Mouse sketch, Solution
mouseBegin function, Discussion
MsTimer2 library, Solution
multimeters, Introduction, Introduction
multiplexer sketch, Solution
multiplexers, reading multiple inputs, Solution–See Also
multiplexing technique
about, Multiplexing
controlling LED matrix via, Problem–Discussion
driving 7-segment LED displays, Problem–Discussion
multiple_alarms sketch, Solution
multiplication (*) operator, Problem
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME), Discussion
MultiRX sketch, Receiving data from multiple NewSoftSerial ports
Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI), Introduction, Problem–See Also
myDelay function, Discussion

N

(line feed), Discussion
naming conventions for functions, Discussion
Narcoleptic library, Solution
negative numbers, Discussion
neocat, Solution
Network Time Protocol (NTP), Solution
NewSoftSerial library
downloading, See Also
getting location from GPS, Discussion
receiving data from multiple devices, Solution–Receiving data from multiple NewSoftSerial ports
sending data to multiple devices, Solution–Discussion
NewSoftSerialInput sketch, Solution
NewSoftSerialOutput sketch, Solution
NKC Electronics, Discussion, Discussion
NMEA 0183 protocol, Solution–See Also
noBlink function, Discussion
not (!) operator, Solution
not equal to (!=) operator, Solution
NTP (Network Time Protocol), Solution
null value, Discussion
numbers/numeric data
comparing to character, Problem–See Also
constraining to range of values, Problem
converting ASCII characters to, Discussion
converting strings to, Problem, Discussion
converting to strings, Problem–Discussion
determining absolute value, Problem
LCD displays and, Problem–See Also
negative, Discussion
program memory and, Problem–Discussion
raising to a power, Problem
sending from Arduino, Problem–See Also
square roots, Problem
NumberToString sketch, Discussion
nunchuck_accelx function, Discussion
nunchuck_decode_byte function, Discussion
nunchuck_get_data function, Discussion
nunchuck_init function, Discussion
nunchuck_lines sketch, Solution
nunchuck_setpowerpins function, Discussion

O

OCR (Output Compare Register), Discussion
Ohm’s law, Discussion
onceOnly function, Discussion
optocouplers (optoisolators)
about, Introduction, Optocoupler
controlling digital cameras, Discussion
triggering remote controls, Solution–Discussion
OptoRemote sketch, Solution
Output Compare Register (OCR), Discussion

P

Pachube feeds
monitoring, Problem–Discussion
updating, Problem–Discussion
packing structures, Discussion, See Also
panel meters, Problem–Discussion
Parallax
HM55B compass module, Solution–Discussion
PING))) ultrasonic distance sensor, Solution–See Also
PIR Sensor, Solution
RFID reader, Solution–Discussion
parameters
defined, Solution
as references, Discussion
Passive Infrared (PIR) sensors, Problem
PC environment (see Windows environment)
PCF8574A port expander, Solution–See Also
PCM (Pulse-Code Modulation), See Also
.pde file extension, Discussion
persistence of vision, Multiplexing
Philips
RC-5 remote, Introduction
RC-6 remote, Introduction
SAA1064 I2C to 7-segment driver, Solution–See Also
photocells, Photocell (Photoresistor)
physical output (see brushed and brushless motors; servo motors; solenoids and relays; stepper motors)
PI constant, Discussion
Piezo devices
defined, Introduction, Piezo
detecting vibration, Solution
generating audio tones, Solution
piezo sketch, Solution
Ping))) Sensor sketch, Solution
pinMode function
additional information, See Also
digital output and, Digital Output
functionality, Introduction, Introduction
internal pull-up resistors and, Discussion
pins (see analog pins; digital pins)
PIR (Passive Infrared) sensors, Problem
PIR sketch, Solution
pixels
defined, Discussion
in GLCD displays, Discussion
smaller than single character, Problem–Discussion
PJRC, Arduino Hardware
playMidiNote function, Discussion
playNote function, Solution
PlayStation game controller
controlling Google Earth via, Solution–See Also
getting input from, Problem–See Also
sensors and, Introduction
playTone function, Solution–See Also
Pocket Piano shield, See Also
polarity, defined, Multiplexing
polling, defined, Discussion, Interrupts
Pololu breakout board, Discussion
port expanders, integrating, Problem–See Also
port forwarding, Discussion
POSIX time, Discussion
POST command, Discussion, Problem–Discussion, Problem–Discussion
Pot sketch, Solution
potentiometers
about, Introduction, Pot (Potentiometer)
changing range of values, Problem
controlling servos with, Problem
reading voltage, Problem
wiper, Discussion
Pot_Debug sketch, Solution
pow function, Discussion
power supplies
connecting/using external, Connecting and Using External Power Supplies and Batteries
reducing battery drain, Problem–See Also
precedence of operators, Discussion
preprocessor
about, Preprocessor
additional information, See Also
constant values and, Problem–See Also
controlling sketch build, Solution
preprocessor macros, Discussion
prescaler, defined, Timers
primitive types, simple, Problem
printDigits function, Discussion
Processing open source tool
about, Serial Message Protocol
additional information, See Also, See Also
controlling Google Earth, Problem–See Also
createWriter function, Discussion
creating bitmaps, Solution
DateFormat function, Discussion
draw function, Discussion
moving mouse cursor, Problem–See Also
receiving binary data, Problem–See Also
saving data to logfiles, Solution–See Also
sending binary values, Problem–Discussion
sending multiple text fields in messages, Problem–See Also
sending pin values, Problem–See Also
sending/receiving messages with UDP, Solution
setting up environment, Problem
setup function, Discussion
SyncArduinoClock sketch, Discussion
Wii nunchuck sketch, Discussion
ProgmemCurve sketch, Solution
program memory
about, Introduction
Arduino boards and, Introduction
storing/retrieving numeric values, Problem–Discussion
storing/retrieving strings, Problem–Discussion
web pages and, Problem–Discussion
programming techniques, Discussion
(see also specific sketches)
Arduino build process, Problem–See Also
conditional compilations, Problem
constants and, Problem–See Also
delaying code execution, Discussion
memory usage and, Problem–See Also
storing/retrieving numeric values, Problem–Discussion
storing/retrieving strings, Problem–Discussion
troubleshooting problems, Code That Won’t Compile–Troubleshooting Interrelated Hardware/Software Problems
programs (see sketches)
projects, getting started with, Problem–See Also
prototyping
breadboards and, Using a Breadboard
defined, Discussion
PSX (see PlayStation game controller)
PSX sketch, Solution
pull-down resistors
defined, Introduction
switched connected using, Solution
pull-up resistors
defined, Introduction
enabling internal, Problem–Discussion
switch connected using, Discussion
Pullup sketch, Solution
Pulse Width Modulation (see PWM)
Pulse-Code Modulation (PCM), See Also
pulseIn function, Discussion, Solution
PulseIn sketch, Solution
pulses
counting, Timers, Problem–See Also
displaying in Serial Monitor, Solution–See Also
generating, Problem–Discussion
measuring accurately, Problem–Discussion
measuring duration, Problem
setting width/duration, Problem–Discussion
pulseTimer2 sketch, Solution
Pushbutton sketch, Solution, Discussion, Solution
PuTTY program, Discussion, Series 1 configuration
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
additional information, See Also
adjusting LED brightness, Solution
analog panel meters, Problem–Discussion
changing frequency for timers, Problem–Discussion
defined, Analog Output
extender chips, Problem–See Also
pwm function, Discussion

R

(carriage return), Discussion
RadioShack breadboard, Introduction
RAD_TO_DEG constant, Discussion
RAM (random access memory), Introduction, Problem–See Also
random function, Solution–See Also, Solution
random number generation, Problem–See Also
Random sketch, Discussion
randomSeed function, Discussion
Read a rotary encoder sketch, Solution
readArduinoInt function, Discussion
readStatus function, Discussion
real-time clock (RTC), Problem–See Also, Problem–See Also
RealTerm program, Discussion
ReceiveBinaryData_P sketch, Solution
ReceiveMultipleFieldsBinaryToFile_P sketch, Solution
ReceiveMultipleFieldsBinary_P sketch, Discussion
references, parameters as, Discussion
registers, Registers
(see also specific types of registers)
defined, Registers
time operations and, Timers
timer mode settings, See Also
relational operators, Problem–See Also
RelationalExpressions sketch, Solution
relays (see solenoids and relays)
remainder after division, Problem
remote control
about, Introduction
controlling AC devices, Problem–Discussion
controlling digital cameras, Problem–See Also
decoding IR signals, Problem–See Also
imitating signals, Problem–See Also
infrared, Introduction, Problem–Discussion
wireless technology and, Introduction
RemoteDecode sketch, Solution
repeating
sequence of statements, Problem
statements with counters, Problem–See Also
Repeats function, Discussion
reset function, Discussion
resistive sensors, Discussion
resistors
about, Resistor
calculating value in ohms, Discussion
LDR, Solution
LED matrix and, Discussion
Ohm’s law, Discussion
pull-down, Introduction, Solution
pull-up, Introduction, Discussion
short circuits and, LED specifications
switches without external, Problem–Discussion
variable, Introduction, Photocell (Photoresistor)
RespondingToChanges sketch, Solution
reverse EMF, Discussion
RFID sketch, Solution
RFID tags, reading, Problem–Discussion
RGB color scale, Problem–Discussion, Problem–See Also
RGB_LEDs sketch, Solution
Robertson, Matt, Solution
Robot class (Java)
additional information, See Also
mouseMove method, Solution
rotary encoders
functionality, Discussion
measuring pulses from, Solution
tracking movement of dial, Solution–Discussion, Problem–Discussion
tracking multiple, Problem–Discussion
RotaryEncoderInterrupt sketch, Solution
RotaryEncoderMultiPoll sketch, Solution
rotation
detecting with gyroscope, Problem–Discussion
measuring, Problem–Discussion, Problem–Discussion
rounding floating-point numbers, Problem
RS-232 standard, Serial Hardware, See Also
RTC (real-time clock), Problem–See Also, Problem–See Also

S

schematic diagrams, Using Schematic Diagrams and Data Sheets
SCL connection (I2C), I2C, Discussion
Scroll sketch, Solution
scrolling text, Problem–Discussion
SD library, Solution
SDA connection (I2C), I2C, Discussion
security, Ethernet library and, Discussion
Seeed Studio Bazaar, Arduino Hardware
semicolon in functions, Discussion, Discussion
sendBinary function, Discussion, Discussion
SendBinary sketch, Solution, Discussion
sendCommand function, Solution, Discussion
SendingBinaryFields sketch, Solution
SendingBinaryToArduino sketch, Solution
SendInput API function, See Also
sendMessage function, Solution, Discussion
sensors
about, Introduction
additional information, See Also
connecting capacitors to, Discussion
controlling an LED matrix, Problem–Discussion
controlling brushed motors, Problem–See Also
controlling Google Earth via, Problem–See Also
controlling servos with, Problem
detecting direction, Problem–Discussion
detecting light level changes, Problem
detecting motion, Problem
detecting mouse movements, Problem–Discussion
detecting movement, Problem–See Also
detecting rotation with gyroscope, Problem–Discussion
detecting sound, Problem–Discussion
detecting vibration, Problem
getting input from game control pad, Problem–See Also
getting location from GPS, Problem–See Also
measuring distance, Problem–See Also
measuring temperature, Problem–Discussion, Solution–Discussion
reading acceleration, Problem
reading RFID tags, Problem–Discussion
reading voltage, Problem
resistive, Discussion
sending data between XBees, Problem–Series 1 XBees
sending Twitter messages, Problem–Discussion
sequencing multiple LEDs, Problem
temperature, Solution–See Also
tracking movement of dial, Problem–Discussion, Problem–Discussion
tracking multiple rotary encoders, Problem–Discussion
serial communications
about, Introduction–See Also
additional information, See Also
controlling Google Earth, Problem–See Also
controlling servos, Problem–See Also
getting location from GPS, Solution
moving mouse cursor, Problem–See Also
receiving binary data, Problem–See Also
receiving data, Problem–See Also
receiving data from multiple devices, Problem–Receiving data from multiple NewSoftSerial ports
receiving multiple text fields in messages, Problem–See Also
saving data to logfiles, Problem–See Also
sending binary data, Problem–See Also
sending binary values from Processing, Problem–Discussion
sending data to multiple devices, Problem–Discussion
sending debug information, Problem–See Also
sending formatted text, Problem–See Also
sending multiple text fields in messages, Problem–See Also
sending numeric data, Problem–See Also
sending pin values, Problem–See Also
serial hardware, Serial Hardware
serial libraries, Software Serial
serial message protocol, Serial Message Protocol
setting up Processing environment, Problem
TellyMate shield and, Discussion
Serial library
available function, Discussion, Discussion
begin function, Discussion
8-bit values, Solution
print function, Discussion, Discussion, Discussion, Discussion
println function, Introduction, Discussion, Discussion, Discussion
read function, Solution
Serial Monitor
controlling brushed motors, Solution
depicted, Introduction
DHCP server values, Discussion
displaying pulses in, Solution–See Also
displaying voltages, Problem–Discussion
functionality, Discussion
getting location from GPS, Discussion
measuring distance, Solution
printing sequential numbers, Solution–See Also
printing values to computer, Introduction
setting clocks, Discussion
setting pulse period, Solution–See Also
starting, Discussion
Serial Peripheral Interface (see SPI)
Serial Terminal window, Series 1 configuration
SerialFormatting sketch, Solution
serialIn function, Discussion
SerialMouse sketch, Solution
serialOut function, Discussion
SerialOutput sketch, Solution
SerialReceive sketch, Solution
SerialReceiveMultipleFields sketch, Solution
Servo library
about, Solution, Solution
attach method, Discussion
timers and, Timers
servo motors
about, Motion Control Using Servos
controlling from serial port, Problem–See Also
controlling multiple, Problem
controlling position of, Problem–Discussion
speed of continuous rotation servos, Problem–Discussion
setColor function, Discussion
setPulseWidth function, Discussion
setSpeed function, Discussion
setSyncProvider function, Discussion
setTime function, Discussion, Discussion
setup function (Arduino), Discussion
setup function (Processing), Discussion
SevenSegment sketch, Solution
SevenSegmentMpx sketch, Solution
shaken sketch, Discussion
Sharp GP2Y0A02YK0F sensor, Solution–See Also
shift registers
controlling LED arrays, Problem–See Also
driving 7-segment displays, Problem–Solution
Shirriff, Ken, Introduction
short circuits, LED specifications
show function, Discussion
showDigit function, Discussion, Discussion
showPrivate function, Discussion
showSymbol function, Discussion
showXY function, Discussion
signed keyword, Discussion
SimpleBrushed sketch, Solution
SimpleClientGoogleWeatherDHCP sketch, Solution
SimpleClientwFinder sketch, Solution
SimpleRead sketch, Serial Message Protocol, Solution
SimpleReceive sketch, Solution
SimpleSend sketch, Solution
sine function, Solution
sizeof function, Discussion, Discussion
Sketch Editor
functionality, Solution
opening, Solution
sketches, Problem
(see also specific sketches)
actions based on conditions, Problem
actions based on variables, Problem–See Also
Arduino build process and, Discussion
arrays in, Problem–Discussion
bitwise operations, Problem–See Also
breaking out of loops, Problem
comparing character/numeric values, Problem–See Also
comparing strings, Problem
compound operators, Problem
controlling build of, Solution
converting numbers to strings, Problem–Discussion
converting strings to numbers, Problem
creating, Problem–Discussion
defined, Arduino Software, Discussion
error messages, Discussion, Discussion
floating-point numbers in, Problem
functional blocks in, Problem–See Also
LED blinking code example, Problem–Discussion, Solution–See Also
libraries and, Discussion
logical comparisons, Problem
manipulating strings, Problem–See Also
preparing with IDE, Problem–Discussion, Solution
repeating sequence of statements, Problem
repeating statements with counters, Problem–See Also
returning multiple values from functions, Problem–Discussion
saving, Discussion, Problem–Discussion
simple primitive types, Problem
structuring, Problem
slave devices
address numbers and, I2C
communicating between Arduino boards, Solution–See Also
defined, I2C
identifying, SPI
sleep function, Discussion
SN754410 H-Bridge, Solution
snubber diodes, Discussion, Using Snubber Diodes with Inductive Loads
SoftwareSerial library, Discussion–Discussion, Discussion, Solution
solderless breadboards, Introduction
solenoids and relays
about, Solenoids and Relays, Relay, Solenoid
controlling, Problem–Discussion
solid state relay (SSR), Discussion
sound (see audio output)
Southern Hemisphere sketch, Solution, Discussion
SparkFun
12-button keypad, Problem–See Also
accelerometer selection guide, Solution
Ardumoto shield, Discussion, Discussion
Audio-Sound Module, See Also
BOB-00099 data sheet, See Also
Electret Microphone, Solution
green LEDs, Discussion
LISY300AL breakout board, Solution
MIDI breakout shield, See Also
MP3 breakout board, See Also
PIR Motion Sensor, Solution
PRT-00137 breadboard, Introduction
ROB-08449 vibration motor, Discussion
ROB-09402 breakout board, Discussion
XBee Explorer USB, Discussion
speakers, defined, Speaker
speed
continuous rotation servos and, Problem–Discussion
controlling for brushed motors, Problem–Discussion, Problem–See Also
tracking movement of dial, Problem–Discussion
speed controllers
defined, Brushed and Brushless Motors
driving brushless motors, Problem
SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)
about, Introduction–See Also
driving 7-segment displays, Problem–Discussion
SPI library, SPI, See Also, Solution
SPI_MAX7221_0019 sketch, Solution
split method (Java), Discussion
SplitSplit sketch, Solution, Discussion
Sprite library, Solution
sqrt function, Solution
square roots, Problem
SREG (interrupt registers), Discussion
SSR (solid state relay), Discussion
startMeasurement function, Discussion
statements
repeating sequence of, Problem
repeating with counters, Problem–See Also
static variables, Discussion
Stepper library, Solution, Solution
stepper motors
about, Stepper Motors, Stepper Motor
driving bipolar, Problem–Discussion, Problem–Discussion
driving unipolar, Problem–Discussion
Stepper sketch, Solution
Stepper_bipolar sketch, Solution
Stepper_Easystepper sketch, Solution
strcat function, Solution
strcmp function, Solution, Discussion
strcpy function, Solution
Streaming library, Discussion
String class, Discussion, Discussion
string data type, Solution
String library
additional information, See Also
C language and, Problem
manipulating strings, Problem–See Also
strings
allocating space for, Discussion
arrays and, Discussion, Problem–See Also, Solution
C language and, Problem
comparing, Solution, Problem
concatenating, Solution
converting numbers to, Problem–Discussion
converting to numbers, Problem, Discussion
copying, Solution
data type representing, Solution
declaring, Solution
defined, Discussion
determining length of, Solution
manipulating, Problem–See Also
multiple fields in, Solution–See Also
null in, Discussion
splitting comma-separated text into groups, Problem–See Also
storing/retrieving in program memory, Problem–Discussion
strlen function, Solution
strncmp function, Discussion
strtok_r function, Discussion
structures
binary format considerations, Discussion
packing, Discussion, See Also
substring function, Discussion
subtraction (-) operator, Problem
swap function, Solution, Discussion
swap sketch, Solution
Sweep sketch, Solution–Discussion
switch statement, Solution–See Also
SwitchCase sketch, Solution
switches
about, Switch
detecting closing of, Problem–See Also
detecting movement and, Solution–See Also
determining state of, Problem–See Also
determining time in current state, Problem–Discussion
hacking remote control, Problem–Discussion
interrupts and, Interrupts
reading multiple analog inputs, Discussion–See Also
tactile, Discussion, Switch
without external resistors, Problem–Discussion
switchTime function, Discussion–Discussion
SwitchTime sketch, Solution
SwitchTimeMultiple sketch, Discussion
symbols
creating custom, Problem–Discussion
displaying, Problem–See Also
larger than single character, Problem–See Also
SyncArduinoClock sketch, Discussion
synchronization
binary data and, Discussion
clock software, Problem–See Also
synthesizers
making, Problem–See Also
MIDI, Problem–See Also

T

tactile switches, Discussion, Switch
takePicture function, Discussion
tan function, Solution
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), Introduction
<td> tag, Discussion
TellyBounce sketch, Discussion
TellyMate shield, Solution–See Also
TellyMate sketch, Solution
temperature, measuring, Problem–Discussion, Problem–See Also, Solution–Discussion
Texas Instrument TMP75, Solution–See Also
text fields/data
displaying on TV, Problem–See Also
formatting for LCD displays, Problem–See Also
LCD displays and, Problem–See Also
receiving in messages, Problem–See Also
scrolling, Problem–Discussion
sending formatted, Problem–See Also
sending in messages, Problem–See Also
TextFinder library
about, Discussion, Introduction, Discussion
find method, Discussion
findUtil method, Discussion
getFloat method, Discussion
getString method, Discussion
getValue method, Discussion
TextString library, Solution
theremin, Discussion
thermometers, digital, Problem–See Also
tilt sensors, Solution–See Also, Solution–Discussion
tilt sketch, Solution
time delays, Discussion
(see also delay function)
animation effects and, Discussion
creating, Problem
setting delay period, Discussion
time lapse photography, Problem
Time library, Solution–See Also, Discussion, Solution
time measurement, See Also
(see also millis function)
alarms to call functions, Problem–Discussion
displaying time of day, Problem–See Also
duration of delays, Problem–See Also
duration of pulses, Problem
for pressed switches, Problem–Discussion
real-time clocks, Problem–See Also, Problem–See Also
reducing battery drain, Problem–See Also
synchronizing clock software, Problem–See Also
time conversion tools, See Also
Time sketch, Solution
TimeAlarmExample sketch, Solution
TimeAlarms library, Solution–Discussion, Problem–See Also
timebase, defined, Timers
TimedAction library, Discussion
timeout, specifying, Discussion
timer registers, Timers
Timer1 library, Discussion
timers
additional information, See Also
changing PWM frequency, Problem–Discussion
countdown, Solution–Discussion
defined, Discussion
setting duration, Problem–See Also
setting pulse width/duration, Problem–Discussion
types supported, Timers
TimeRTC sketch, Solution
TimeRTCSet sketch, Discussion
TimeSerial sketch, Discussion
Time_NTP sketch, Discussion
TinyGPS library, Solution–See Also, See Also
TLC sketch, Solution
TLC5940 chip, Problem–See Also
Tlc5940 library
about, Solution
additional information, See Also
clear method, Discussion
init method, Discussion
NUM_TLCS constant, Discussion
set method, Discussion
setAll method, Discussion
update method, Discussion
Todbot adapters, Solution
tone function
about, Introduction
multiple simultaneous tones, Solution
playing simple melodies, Solution–Solution
playing tones, Problem–See Also
Tone library, See Also, Problem
Tone sketch, Solution
torque, motor, Brushed and Brushless Motors
Toshiba FB6612FNG, Discussion
<tr> tag, Discussion
transducers, Solution
Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL), Serial Hardware
transistors
about, Transistor
choosing for switching, Choosing and Using Transistors for Switching
controlling solenoids and relays, Discussion
driving brushed motors, Problem–Discussion
driving high-power LEDs, Solution
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), Introduction
transmitCarrier function, Discussion
trigonometric functions, Problem
troubleshooting
device connections, Troubleshooting Sidebar
hardware problems, Tips on Troubleshooting Hardware Problems–Still Stuck?
software problems, Code That Won’t Compile–Troubleshooting Interrelated Hardware/Software Problems
XBee modules, Problem
TRS connector, Solution
TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic), Serial Hardware
TTL level, defined, Serial Hardware
TV, displaying text on, Problem–See Also
Twinkle sketch, Solution
Twitter library
downloading, Solution
post function, Discussion
wait function, Discussion
Twitter messages, sending, Problem–Discussion

U

UARTs, Receiving data from multiple NewSoftSerial ports
UDP (User Datagram Protocol), Problem–Discussion, Discussion
UdpNtp sketch, Solution
UDPSendReceive sketch, Discussion
UDPSendReceiveStrings sketch, Solution
UDPTest sketch, Discussion
ULN2003A Darlington driver chip, Problem–Discussion
unipolar steppers
about, Stepper Motors
driving, Problem–Discussion
Unix time, Discussion, See Also
unsigned keyword, Discussion
USB protocol
boards and, Discussion
digital pins and, Introduction
HID and, Discussion
MIDI devices and, Discussion
serial communications and, Serial Hardware
XBee adapters, Discussion
User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Problem–Discussion, Discussion
USGlobalSat EM-406A GPS module, Discussion
UTC (Coordinated Universal Time), Discussion

V

variable resistors, Introduction, Photocell (Photoresistor)
variables
actions based on, Problem–See Also
defined, Solution
global, Discussion, Discussion
simple primitive types, Problem
static, Discussion
volatile, Discussion, Discussion
version control, Discussion
Vibrate sketch, Solution
Vibrate_Photocell sketch, Discussion
vibration
detecting, Problem
making objects shake, Problem–Discussion
VirtualWire library, Solution–See Also
visual output (see LEDs)
void data type, Solution
volatile variables, Discussion, Discussion
voltage
changing range of values, Problem
digital monitoring, Discussion
digital output and, Digital Output
displaying, Problem–Discussion
forward, LED specifications
knock sensors and, Discussion
LCD displays and, Solution
LED specifications, LED specifications
measuring, Problem–Discussion
measuring pulse duration, Solution
reading on analog pins, Problem
responding to changes in, Problem
reverse EMF, Discussion
voltage divider, Solution
VW_MAX_MESSAGE_LEN constant, Discussion

W

WAV files, playing, Problem–See Also
WaveShieldPlaySelection sketch, Solution
web pages
creating with forms, Problem–Discussion
handling requests for, Problem–Discussion
large amounts of data and, Problem–Discussion
web servers
formatting requests, Problem–See Also
handling requests, Problem–Discussion
handling requests for specific pages, Problem–Discussion
requesting data from, Problem–Discussion
requesting data in XML, Problem–Solution
setting up Arduino, Problem–Discussion
WebClientDHCP_DNS sketch, Discussion
WebClientDNS sketch, Solution
WebClientGoogleFinance sketch, Discussion
WebClient_Babelfish sketch, Discussion
Webduino web server, Discussion
WebServerMultiPage sketch, Solution
WebServerMultiPageHTML sketch, Solution
WebServerMultiPageHTMLProgmem sketch, Solution
WebServerParsing sketch, Solution
WebServerPost sketch, Solution
Web_Server sketch, Solution
while loop, Solution
Wii nunchuck
accelerometer in, Solution, Problem–Discussion
controlling Google Earth via, Problem, Discussion
WiichuckSerial sketch, Discussion
Windows environment
Arduino IDE installation, Solution
moving mouse cursor, Problem–See Also
XBee Series 1 configuration, Series 1 configuration
XBee Series 2 configuration, Series 2 configuration
Wire library
about, I2C, Solution
accessing RTCs, Solution–See Also
adding, Discussion
additional information, See Also
available function, Discussion
begin function, Discussion
beginTransmission function, Discussion
creating libraries example, Solution
endTransmission function, Discussion
receive function, Discussion, Discussion, Discussion
requestFrom function, Discussion, Discussion, Discussion
send function, Discussion, Discussion
wireless communication
activating actuators, Problem–Series 1 XBees
connecting to 802.15.4 network, Problem–Talking to the Arduino
connecting to ZigBee networks, Problem–Talking to the Arduino
remote controls and, Introduction
sending messages to XBees, Problem–Discussion
sending messages via, Problem–See Also
sensor data between XBees, Problem
word function, Solution–See Also

X

X-CTU application
XBee Series 1 configuration, Series 1 configuration
XBee Series 2 configuration, Series 2 configuration
XBee Actuate sketch, Series 2 XBees
XBee modules
about, Introduction
activating actuators, Problem–Series 1 XBees
connecting to 802.15.4 networks, Problem–Talking to the Arduino
connecting to ZigBee networks, Problem–Talking to the Arduino
Remote AT Command feature, Discussion
sending messages to, Problem–Discussion
sending sensor data between, Problem–Series 1 XBees
troubleshooting, Problem
ZigBee compatibility, Problem
XBeeAnalogReceive sketch, Series 2 XBees
XBeeAnalogReceiveSeries1 sketch, Series 1 XBees
XBeeEcho sketch, Solution
XBeeMessage sketch, Solution
XML format, Problem–Solution

Z

Zambetti, Nicholas, Solution
zero
ASCII value, Discussion
leading, Discussion
ZIGBEE COORDINATOR AT function, Series 2 configuration, Series 2 XBees
ZIGBEE ROUTER AT function, Series 2 configuration, Series 2 XBees, Series 2 XBees
ZigBee standard
about, Problem
connecting to networks, Problem–Talking to the Arduino
ZTerm program, Discussion
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