Index
A
- accounts, on Solana, 112
- Accumulate network, 14–15
- Acolyte service (Factom), 214
- Active Directory (AD), Azure, 144
- ADA cryptocurrency
- Ancun Zhengxin Co., 210
- anti-money laundering (AML) regulations, 58, 79, 165, 167, 195
- artificial intelligence (AI), 149, 156–158
- artist use of blockchain, 213–215
- Asia, smart cities of, 195–199
- assets, digital, 37–39, 58
- audit trails, 166–167
- auditing blockchain technology, 171–172
- Augur, 214
- authentication, Cryptlets for, 138–140
- authorship, trusted, 213–214
- Axie Infinity, 235
- AZA Finance, 170, 181
- Azure. See Microsoft Azure
- Azure Quickstart Templates (Microsoft), 142
- Azure Resource Manager (Microsoft), 142
- Azure Stack program (Microsoft), 142
B
- backing up private keys, 227–228
- backup seeds, 31–32, 34–36, 91
- bank transfers, 166
- banking trends, future, 163–167
- Behlendorf, Brian, 126
- Besu (Hyperledger), 133–136
- big data, 189, 198–199
- biographical identity, 205
- BitAddress paper wallet generator, 53–54
- Bitcoin
- adoption by governments, 194
- BitGo wallet, 228
- block size limit debate, 46–47
- border-free payroll, 169
- consensus, 16
- controversy related to, 48
- Ethereum development and, 56
- history of, 14, 44
- HiveMind, 222
- limitations of, 47
- mining for, 51–52
- misconceptions about, 48–49
- overview, 43
- paper wallet, making, 52–54
- purchasing, 32
- scams related to, 49–51
- structure of, 9, 12–13, 44–46
- trading for Ether, 36
- transferring to Jaxx, 36
- Bitcoin bloat, 47, 56
- Bitcoin Cash, 46–47
- Bitcoin Civil War, 46–47
- Bitcoin Core, 220
- Bitcoin protocol, 45
- Bitcoin-QT client, 51
- BitGo wallet, 228
- Bitlicense, 202–203
- BitPay, 169
- Bitwage, 169
- block, defined, 12
- block size limit debate (Bitcoin), 46–47
- BlockApps tool (Microsoft Azure), 143
- Blockchain Alliance, 221
- blockchain middleware, 138, 139
- blockchain protocols, 10, 45
- Blockchain University, 220
- blockchains
- applications, 13, 16–18
- change in terminology, 48
- choosing between types, 22–25
- consensus, 15–16
- current uses, 17–18
- defined, 8–9
- diving into world of, 27–28
- finding opportunity for, 19–22
- forecasting regional trends, 178–181
- free resources, 219–223
- function of, 9–10
- future applications, 18
- importance of, 10–11
- integration of artificial intelligence and, 149, 156–158
- life cycle, 14–15
- overview, 1–3, 7
- project road map, building, 25–26
- rules for use, 225–232
- structure, 12–13
- trust and, 10, 11, 44
- types, 8
- in use, 16–18
- Blockstack Core v14 (Project Bletchley), 138, 139
- Bloktopia Metaverse, 237
- Bluemix (IBM), 153–155, 159
- border-free payroll, 169
- borders, securing, 205–206
- Brave browser, 29, 35, 101–102
- breeding CryptoKitties, 38–39
- browser extensions, 30–32, 101–102, 107
- browsers, secure, 28, 29
- bugs, in DAOs, 60–61, 72–73
- burning, 236
- business blockchain on IBM Bluemix, 153–155
- business registration, 202
- Buterin, Vitalik, 56, 57
- Byzantine general’s problem, 16, 44
C
- California bill AB 1326, 203
- Car Lease (IBM), 155
- Cardano blockchain. See also ADA cryptocurrency
- Cardano Foundation, 85
- centralized trust paradigm, 190
- CGminer software, 51
- chain, defined, 12–13
- Chain Cloud Services, 145, 147
- Chain Core Developer Edition, 145–147
- Chain Token (XCN) cryptocurrency, 145, 146–147
- Chaincode (Hyperledger), 127, 156, 184
- Cheat Sheet, explained, 3
- China, 180, 198–199, 210
- Circle, 203
- citizenship models, changing, 208
- CityDAO, 64
- clearing agencies, 18
- client
- closing representatives, 175
- cloud mining, for Bitcoin, 52
- cloud platform (Microsoft Azure), 141
- Cloud Services (Chain), 145, 147
- Cloudera, 198
- clubs, DAO, 74–76
- clusters, Solana, 114
- CME Group, 200
- cognitive computing, 156
- Cognizant, 191
- cold storage, 228
- collators, in Polkadot, 99
- Commercial Paper (IBM), 155
- congress, in DAOs, 70
- consensus
- ConsenSys, 143
- consortium blockchain ecosystem, 137
- Contract Cryptlets, 140–141
- contracts, simplicity of, 226–227. See also smart contracts
- Corda blockchain, 167
- Cortana, 143–144
- crates (Rust), 116
- creatives, use of blockchain by, 213–215
- credit card companies, 170–171
- cross-border trade, 151–152
- Cross-Consensus Messaging Format (XCM), 99
- crowdfunding insurance, 190–191
- Cryptlets (Project Bletchley), 138–141
- cryptocurrencies. See also ADA cryptocurrency; Bitcoin; DOT cryptocurrency; Ether cryptocurrency; wallets
- backing up private keys, 227–228
- banking industry reactions to, 163–165
- border-free payroll, 169
- Chain Token, 145, 146–147
- change in terminology, 48
- countries, interest in, 164
- Dai, 65
- defined, 8
- 51 percent attacks, 8–9
- forecasting regional trends, 178–181
- fraud, squeezing out, 171
- global regulatory action, 193–195
- guaranteed payments, 170
- legal concerns, 225–226
- overview, 44
- Petro, 164
- and proof-of-stake blockchains, 99–100
- purchasing, 32
- as reward for full node operation, 13
- role in blockchain networks, 9–10
- scams related to, 49–51
- securing, 33–34
- sending, rules for, 229
- SOL, 112, 118, 121–122
- trade finance, 151–152, 169–170
- trading, rules for, 231–232
- transactions, 12
- cryptocurrency exchanges, 16–17, 86, 87, 229–230
- CryptoDelegates (Project Bletchley), 141
- cryptography, 44, 129
- CryptoKitties, 37–39
- custom Ethereum tokens, creating
D
- The DAO, 60–61
- DAOhaus platform, 73–76
- DAOs. See decentralized autonomous organizations
- DappRadar, 58
- dApps. See decentralized applications
- data control, 8–9, 10, 12, 20
- data shards, 14, 96, 97
- data sharing, 172
- data sovereignty, 166–167
- data visualization with Power BI, 144
- database, defined, 20. See also blockchains
- de Soto Polar, Hernando, 168, 181
- dead capital, 168, 181
- Decentraland, 234
- decentralization
- decentralized applications (dApps)
- decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs)
- decentralized finance (DeFi), 235. See also financial technology
- decentralized identifiers (DIDs), 212–213
- decentralized insurance, 185–186
- decentralized security, 190
- decentralized structure of blockchains, 20
- decision trees, 24–25
- decision-making process in DAOs, 75
- delegation
- Department of Homeland Security, 205
- deploying Solana programs, 117–118
- developers, blockchain, 230
- developing world, forecasting trends in, 180–181
- development sandbox, 200
- Device Gateway, 159
- Di Iorio, Anthony, 33
- diamond trade, 202
- DIDs (decentralized identifiers), 212–213
- digital assets, 37–39, 58
- digital currency. See cryptocurrencies
- digital identity. See sovereign identity
- digital privacy, 166–167
- digital wallets. See wallets
- distributed databases, 20. See also blockchains
- distributed ledger, Azure Chain approach to, 145–146
- distributed ledger technology (DLT). See blockchains; private blockchains
- distributed networks, 12. See also blockchains
- distributed workforce, 151
- dLoc (Smartrac), 206
- DOT cryptocurrency
- Dubai, 201–202, 208
- dust accounts, 98
- DXdao, 66
E
- ECOS cloud mining platform, 52
- Eich, Brendan, 29
- EIPs (Ethereum Improvement Proposals), 57
- El Salvador, 194
- email, Web 3.0, 211–212
- EMURGO, 85
- encryption
- end-state globalization, 18, 151, 193
- Enjin Coin, 236
- ENS (Ethereum Name Service), 63
- enterprise blockchain platforms, 149–150
- entries. See transactions
entrypointfunction (Rust), 116–117- ephemeral transport layer, 211
- ERC20 tokens, creating
- Estonia e-Residency, 208, 209–210
- Ether cryptocurrency
- Ether.Camp tool (Microsoft Azure), 143
- Ethereum 101 website, 219
- Ethereum blockchain. See also Ether cryptocurrency
- CryptoKitties account, setting up, 37–39
- decentralized applications, 58
- decentralized autonomous organizations
- ERC20 tokens, creating
- Ethereum Classic, 61
- Ethereum Frontier, 56–57
- Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs), 57
- Ethereum Name Service (ENS), 63
- Etheria dApp, 58, 59
- Europe, blockchain trends in, 179–180
- exchanges, cryptocurrency, 16–17, 86, 87, 229–230
- exchanging Bitcoin for Ether, 36
- ExpressRoute service (Microsoft Azure), 141
F
- 51 percent attacks, 8–9
- files, blockchain, 172
- Financial Action Task Force (FATF), 33, 194–195
- financial capital of the world, battle for, 199–204
- financial services, using on Azure Chain, 145
- financial technology (fintech)
- financial transactions, blockchains used to record, 16
- Fitzgerald, Greg, 111
- fork choice rule (Ethereum), 14
- fraud, 50, 171–172
- free blockchain resources, 219–223
- full nodes, 9, 12, 13, 15
- fully permissionless DAOs, 65
- funding rules, in DAOs, 75
- Future House Studios, 174
G
- game, creating, 39
- gas, in Ethereum, 66
- Gas Distribution Protocol (LACChain), 129–130
- get-rich-quick schemes, 50–51
- GitHub, 76–77, 126
- Gitter Faucet, requesting KETH on, 77–78
- global financial products
- global regulatory action, 193–195
- Global Travel Assessment System (GTAS), 205
- global travel rule, 32, 33, 195
- globalization, end-state, 18, 151, 193
- goals, for blockchain projects, 22
- gold, trading, 200
- Got Minted, 220
- governance
- governments
- The Graph, 73
H
I
- IBM Blockchain Platform
- IBM Bluemix, 153–155, 159
- IBM Watson IoT Platform, 156–159
- icons, explained, 2
- ICOs (Initial Coin Offerings), 17–18
- IDB (Inter-American Development Bank), 128–130
- IDB Lab, 128–130
- identity
- indexes of data, 12
- India, 196–198
- informal economy, 181
- infrastructure congestion, 179–180
- Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs), 17–18
- initializing client in Solana Playground, 118–119
- Initiative for Cryptocurrencies and Contracts (3CI), 145
- InsurAce, 185
- insurance
- Intel, 132–133
- intellectual property rights, 214–215
- Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), 128–130
- interbank settlement, 166, 201
- international payments, 200
- Internet, trust layer for, 210–213
- Internet of Things (IoT)
- IOHK, 85, 90
- iOS system, setting up for Hyperledger Besu, 135–136
- Iroha project (Hyperledger), 130–132
J
K
L
- LACChain network, 128–130
- LACNet nonprofit, 130
- lamports, 112
- last-known document, knowing, 177–178
- layer-0 protocol, 95
- leader, in Iroha project, 131
- lean governments, 207–210
- leasing CryptoKitties, 39
- ledgers
- legal concerns, 64, 225–226
- life cycle, blockchain, 14–15
- Linux Foundation, 126
- loan officers, 175
- loan processors, 175
- logic, writing Solana program, 116–117
- London, 199–200
M
- Mailchain, 211–212
- main chain (Polkadot), 97
- MakerDAO, 65
- Malta, 204
- Marbles application (IBM), 155
- Marlowe suite, building smart contracts with, 93–94
- membership, in DAOs, 64–66, 75
- Merkle trees, 45
- messaging key (Mailchain email), 211
- Metahero, 236
- MetaMask
- MetaStreet, 235
- metaverse projects
- micro insurance, 186–187
- micro-investments, 168
- Microsoft Azure
- Microsoft Azure Quickstart Templates, 142
- Microsoft Azure Resource Manager, 142
- Microsoft Azure Stack program, 142
- middleware, blockchain, 138, 139
- mining
- mobile app development with Iroha, 131–132
- MolochDAO, 65, 73
- money. See also financial technology
- money laundering, combating, 33
- Moonpay, 92
- mortgage lenders and servicers, 175
- mortgage underwriters, 176
- mortgages in blockchain world, 176–178
- Move programming language, 110
- Multichain blog, 221
- multichain networks, 97
- Multiminerapp client, 51
- multisig governance of DAOs, 63–64
- music industry, 214–215
N
- Nakamoto, Satoshi, 44
- network, in blockchain, 13, 14
- New York City, 202–203
- NFTs. See nonfungible tokens
- nodes
- nominated proof of stake (NPoS), 99–100
- nomination pool, joining DOT, 102–103
- nominators (Polkadot), 100, 107, 108
- nonfungible tokens (NFTs)
- nonprofits, squeezing out fraud in, 172
- notarization, 210
- Nouns DAO, 63
- NPoS (nominated proof of stake), 99–100
O
P
- paper wallets, 52–54, 228
- parachains (parallelized chains), 97, 99
- passenger resolution, 205
- passports, 206
- passwords, 31–32, 34–36, 91, 228, 230
- payment, merged with cryptography, 44
- payroll, border-free, 169
- Peernova, 198
- Peertracks, 215
- Pegasus spyware, 212
- permanent history, financial technology related to, 166–167
- permissioned blockchains, 8, 23–24, 127, 128, 167
- permissionless blockchains, 167
- Petro cryptocurrency (Venezuela), 164
- Phantom wallet, 121–122
- Playground. See Solana Playground IDE
- pledging ADA cryptocurrency, 87
- POA (proof of authority) consensus algorithm, 134
- PoET (proof of elapsed time) consensus algorithm, 133
- PoH (proof of history) consensus algorithm, 110–112
- Polkadot blockchain
- Polkadot{.js} browser extension, 101–102, 107
- Polymath
- pools, staking DOT in, 102–103
- POS. See proof of stake consensus algorithm
- post-quantum cryptography algorithms, 129
- POW. See proof of work consensus algorithm
- Power BI, 144
- prediction markets, 214
- privacy, digital, 166–167
- private blockchains, 8, 23, 24, 132
- private keys, 211, 227–228
- private stake pools (ADA cryptocurrency), 87
- private window with Tor (Brave browser), 29
process_instructionfunction (Rust), 117- program ID (Solana), 118
- programming languages, in Ethereum, 57
- Project Bletchley
- Project Hercules, 198
- proof of authority (POA) consensus algorithm, 134
- proof of elapsed time (PoET) consensus algorithm, 133
- proof of history (PoH) consensus algorithm, 110–112
- proof of stake (POS) consensus algorithm
- proof of work (POW) consensus algorithm
- protocols, blockchain, 10, 45
- ProtonVPN, 30
- proving the negative, 172
- public blockchains, 8, 16, 23–24
- public keys, 113–114, 129
- public stake pools (ADA cryptocurrency), 87
- publishing with caution, 227
Q
R
- R3, 165, 167, 201
- ransomware attacks, 48
- real estate
- real estate agents, 175
- real estate appraisers, 175
- Realms platform, 120, 122
- record keeping, 13
- referenda, on Polkadot, 104–106
- regional blockchain trends, forecasting, 178–181
- regulatory action, global, 193–195
- regulatory sandbox of Singapore, 195, 200–201
- relay chain (Polkadot), 97
- rent, on Solana, 112–113
- reputation-based DAO membership, 65–66
- resources, free, 219–223
- rewards, claiming on Polkadot, 103–104
- “right to be forgotten” rules, 167
S
- The Sandbox, 234–235
- Santander Bank, 200
- saturation of ADA stake pools, 88
- Sawtooth Lake project (Hyperledger), 132–133
- scaling blockchain technology, 14–15
- scams, 49–51, 61–62, 231
- SEC (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission), 164
- Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA), 13
- Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), 10
- securities, trading, 17–18
- security
- backing up private keys, 227–228
- Bitcoin network, 48, 49
- blockchain uses, 17
- blockchains, importance of, 10, 11
- border-free payroll, 169
- of borders, 205–206
- centralized trust paradigm, 190
- cryptocurrency, 33–35
- decentralized, 190
- Ethereum, 61–62, 66, 71–72
- 51 percent attacks, 8–9
- Internet of Things, 158
- Jaxx wallet, 34–35
- Ouroboros PoS protocol, 85–86
- paper wallets, 52–53
- secure environment, creating, 28–32
- SSL certificates, 10
- Web 3.0 email, 211–212
- Security Token Offering (STO), 80
- security tokens, 80–82
- seed phrases, 31–32, 34–36, 91
- self-driving cars, 188, 190
- self-sovereign identity. See sovereign identity
- Sequence tool (Chain), 145, 146
- SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm), 13
- ShapeShift, 32
- sharding, 14, 96, 97
- share-based DAO membership, 65
- sharing data with blockchain, 172
- Shin, Laura, 222
- shipping, 202
- ShoCard, 206
- signature levels (LACChain), 128
- signing transactions, in Solana, 119
- Singapore, 195–198, 200–201, 208
- single-window principle, 209
- Slack, 126
- slashing, in Polkadot, 98, 100, 107
- smart cities of Asia, 195–199
- smart contracts
- Smart Nation project (Singapore), 195–196, 208
- Smartrac, 206
- Smith + Crown, 222
- SOL cryptocurrency, 112, 118, 121–122
- Solana blockchain. See also Solana Playground IDE
- Solana clusters, 114
- Solana Playground IDE
- Solana wallet, creating, 121–122
solana-programcrate, 116- Solidity project, 143
- soul-bound tokens, 65
- sovereign identity, 11, 128, 194, 212–213
- SPL Governance standard, 120
- spyware, 212
- Squirrel Finance, 190
- SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), 10
- staking ADA cryptocurrency
- staking dashboard (Polkadot), 107, 108
- staking DOT in nomination pools, 102–103
- Star Atlas, 236–237
- state transition function (STF), 97
- STO (Security Token Offering), 80
- structure, blockchain, 12–13
- structured data, defined, 20
- subgraphs (DAOhaus), 73–74
- Substrate framework, 97, 98
- Sumeragi consensus algorithm, 131
- superposition, 129
- supply chains, 150–151
T
- 3CI (Initiative for Cryptocurrencies and Contracts), 145
- Tidal, 186
- timestamps, 110, 133
- title insurance, 174
- title transfers, 202
- token-based DAO membership, 65
- tokens. See also cryptocurrencies
- Tor software, 29
- tourism, 202
- trade finance, 151–152, 169–170
- trading Bitcoin for Ether, 36
- trading tokens, rules for, 231–232
- transaction family, in Sawtooth Lake, 133
- transactions
- treasury, 120
- TruMint, 174
- trust
- trusted authorship, 213–214
- trusted execution environment (TEE), 133
- trusted nodes, 14–15
- trustless systems, 28, 171
- Truthcoin, 222
- Turing-complete programming languages, 57
- two-factor authentication, 230
U
V
W
- W3C (World Wide Web Consortium), 212
- W3F (Web3 Foundation), 96
- wallets
- Wanxiang, 155
- Watson IoT Platform (IBM), 156–159
- Web 1.0, 11
- Web 2.0, 11
- Web 3.0 (Web3), 8, 11, 147, 211–212
- Web3 Foundation (W3F), 96
- weighted decision matrixes, 21–22
- welfare distribution (UK), 200
- Wi-Fi networks, 230
- Wood, Gavin, 96
- Wood, Jeremy, 84
- WordProof, 210
- workforce, distributed, 151
- world trade, 151–152, 169–170
- World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), 212
- Wyoming, laws recognizing DAOs in, 64
X
Y
Z
- zero-click attacks, 212
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