Abstrakt, cryptocurrency, 64–65
Accountancy, 149–151
AgriLedger, 81
Ahmed, Samira, 99
AI. See Artificial intelligence
Amsel, Alex, 62
Andersen, Arthur, 149
Anonymity
notoriety and, 25
and privacy, 56
Antonopoulos, Andreas M., 60, 65, 141
ARCHANGEL project, 77–78
Artificial intelligence (AI), 77
Ashley, Adryenn, 62, 126
Asia, cryptocurrency, 63–64
Assange, Julian, 20
Auditing, 149–151
Bartlam, Martin, 58, 156
Bell, Mark, 77
Berners-Lee, Tim, 99
Beyda, Gil, 45
Bitcoin, 5, 9, 11
building on, 26–29
credible decentralization, 28
cryptoeconomic mechanism, 23–24
sustainable Proof of Work, 141–143
Unspent Transaction Output, 26–27
“Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System” (Nakamoto), 23
Bitcoin Cash, 35–36
Bitcoin Energy Index, 141
BitGold, 23
Blockade Games, 119–120
Blockchain
applications in real world, 74–75
closing, 13–14
cryptographic hashing
algorithm, 13
decrypting jargons, 1–3
enterprise, 96–97
functions of, 2–3
immutability, 14–15
internet vs., 4–5
journey of, 6–7
needs of, 143–145
permissioned, 38
real needs of, 73–74
Blockchain development challenges
branding, 135–136
data protection, 136–138
intellectual property, 135–136
Blockchain games, 11
Blockchain in Healthcare Today (Clauson), 82
Blockchain integrity threats
creeping centralization, 146–147
immutability, 145
quantum computing effects, 147–149
Blockchain opportunities
audit and accountancy, 149–151
changing societies, 152–154
Commercial Letters of Credit, 151–152
data and identity, 154–156
rewarding creator, 153–154
B-money, 20–21
Branding, 135–136
Brin, David, 5, 123
Buffett, Warren, 48
Buldas, Ahto, 25
Buterin, Vitalik, 6, 27–28, 36
Capital asset lifecycle, 93–96
Cautionary tales, 29–32
CDOs. See Collateralized debt obligations
Cellan-Jones, Rory, 7
Chaum, David, 18, 20, 25
City Web Consultants, 73
Clarey, Adam, 73–74
Collaboration
Gospel Tech, 89–90
in trustless economy, 89
Collateralized debt obligations (CDOs), 22
Commercial Letters of Credit, 151–152
Community management, 107–109
Community Roundtable’s maturity model, 108
“Computer Systems Established, Maintained and Trusted by Mutually Suspicious Groups” (Chaum), 18–19
Consensus mechanisms, 3
lottery and voting, 43
Proof of Authority, 42–43
Proof of Stake, 41–43
Proof of Work, 41
role of, 40–41
ConsenSys, 75
Consumption, 80–84
Contentious hard fork, 35
Cornwell, Ian, 94
Credible decentralization, 28
Crypto Anarchist Manifesto, 153
Crypto Anarchist movement, 26
Cryptocurrency
adoption by informed choice, 62–64
adoption through needs, 60–61
adoption through play, 62
Asia, 63–64
background of, 7–9
crypto-maximalism, 62–63
digital cash, 11–12
form of money, 10
legitimacy of, 9–11
Libra: A New Pathway?, 65–66
seamless user experience, 61–62
specialized, 58–59
Venezuela, 60–61
world of, 2–3
Cryptoeconomics, 40–43
Cryptogames, 106
Cryptographic hashing algorithm, 13
Cryptography, 18–20
Crypto: How the Code Rebels
Beat the Government Saving Privacy in the Digital Age (Levy), 20
Cryptokitties, 32–33
Crypto-maximalism, 62–63
Cryptoslate, 55
Custodians of cryptocurrency
Gemini exchange, 68–69
risks of individual control, 66–67
watching watchmen, 67–68
Cypherpunks, 20–21
Cypherpunks: Freedom and the
Future of the Internet (Assange), 20
Dai, Wei, 21
DAOs. See Decentralized autonomous organizations
Data
description of, 121
digital identity, 124–125
and identity, 154–156
privacy vs. surveillance, 122–123
protection, 125–127, 136–138
Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), 28, 36–37
Decentralized contracts, 29
Decentralized energy, 91–93
Decentralizing finance
blockchain approach, 84–86
Northern Trust, 86–88
deCourcelle, Marguerite, 119
Delegated Proof of Stake
(DPoS), 42
DigiCash, 19
Digital cash, 11–12
Digital currency challenges
B-money, 20–21
cryptography, 18–20
cypherpunks, 20–21
overview of, 17–18
Digital identity, 124–125
Disintermediated transactions, 31
Distributed ledger
business adoption of, 71–75
definition of, 2
frameworks, 39
supply chains, 81
Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), 1–2
Dizon, Gabby, 106, 108–109
DLT. See Distributed Ledger Technology
Documentary Credits, 152
DPoS. See Delegated Proof of Stake
DSCSA. See U.S. Drug Supply Chain Security Act
Earth (Brin), 5
Eden, Terence, 76
Elliott, Larry, 22
Enterprise blockchain, 96–97
Enterprise-led innovation, 99
ERC. See Ethereum Request for Comment
ERC 20 tokens, 104–105
ERC 721 tokens, 104–105
ERC 1155 tokens, 104–105
Ethereum Request for Comment (ERC), 55–56
“Ethereum: The Ultimate Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform” (Buterin), 27
Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), 6, 28
EVM. See Ethereum Virtual Machine
Fiat currencies, 3
Finney, Hal, 21, 25
Fork of blockchain, 35
France, token fundraising,
53–54
Gaming innovations
characteristics of gamers, 106
community importance, 107–109
cryptogames, 106
cryptokitties, 103–105
mindset, 101–103
nonfungible tokens, 100, 103–105
overview of, 99–101
Garbage In, Garbage Out (GIGO) principle
artificial intelligence, 77
Internet of Things, 77
overview of, 76
provenance and authenticity, 79–80
UK’s National Archives, 77–79
Gas price, 32–37
Gault, Mike, 25
Gemini exchange, 68–69
Gibraltar, token fundraising, 54–55
Gig economy, 47
Gospel Tech, 89–90
Governance
land on blockchain, 128–130
smart cities, 130–132
trust in elections, 132–134
Wyoming Blockchain Coalition, 127–128
Gwei, 33
Hammond, Philip, 7, 73
Harari, Yuval Noah, 10
Hard fork, 35
Hayes, Mark, 156
Holistic approach, capital asset lifecycle, 93–96
Hosho Group, 34
Hutchins, Marcus, 9
Hyperledger Project, 38–39
Hyponnen, Mikko, 5
ICO. See Initial Coin
Offering (ICO)
Immutability, 14–15, 145
Immutable ledger, 2
Initial Coin Offering (ICO), 27, 37, 45
Intellectual property, 135–136
Internet of Things (IoT), 77
Internet vs. blockchain, 4–5
IoT. See Internet of Things
Jarecki, Eugene, 100
Kasparov, Garry, 122
Killeen, Alyse, 45
Kleiman, David, 25–26
Know Your Customer (KYC), 125
Lab Rats (Lyons), 46
Levy, Stephen, 20
Lighting Network, 116
Linden Dollars, 21
Long, Caitlin, 11, 69
Loom Network, 117–118
Lubin, Joseph, 75
Lyons, Dan, 46
Malta, token fundraising, 54–55
May, Timothy C., 20
Microgrids, 92–93
Musk, Elon, 28
Nakamoto, Satoshi, 6
banking establishment vs., 21–24
Bitcoin transfer, 24
blockchain proof of concept, 23
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), 78
National Security Agency (NSA), 20
Netscape, 5
NFTs. See Nonfungible tokens
Nifty License, 110
Nonfungible tokens (NFTs)
gaming innovations, 100, 103–105
intellectual property and asset ownership, 110–111
interoperability of, 109–110
Northern Trust, 86–88
Notoriety, 25
NSA. See National Security Agency
PBFT. See Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance
Permissioned blockchains, 38
Permissioned distributed ledger, 39–40
Plasma, 117
PoA. See Proof of Authority
PonziCoin, 10
PoS. See Proof of Stake
Positional integrity, 2
PoW. See Proof of Work
Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT), 41
Price of gas, 32–37
Privacy, 56
Privacy and Freedom (Westin), 122
Privacy vs. surveillance, 122–123
Private distributed ledger, 39–40
Proof of Authority (PoA), 42–43
Proof of Stake (PoS), 41–43
Proof of Work (PoW), 41
Prosumers, 92–93
Quantum computing effects, 147–149
Radomski, Witek, 105
Root contracts, 117
Roubini, Nouriel, 7, 48
Saarepera, Märt, 25
Sawhney, Hartej, 34
Scaling blockchain
Lighting Network, 116
Loom Network, 117–118
overview of, 111–112
Plasma, 117
practical considerations, 118–120
sharding, 114–115
side chains, 115–116
speed, 113–114
SEC. See U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Securities Act of 1933, 37
Segall, Corey, 64
Segregated Witness (SegWit), 35
Segregated Witness (SegWit2x), 35
Sharding, 114–115
Shin, Laura, 27
Side chains, 115–116
Singapore, token fundraising, 54–55
Skinner, Chris, 79
Smart cities, 130–132
Smart contracts, 3, 29–32
Smith, Mike, 72, 87
Soft fork, 35
Song, Jimmy, 45
Specialized cryptocurrency, 58–59
Stability
definition of, 69–70
systematic, 69–70
Stablecoins, 56–58
Stoll, Clifford, 4
Sustainable Proof of Work, 141–143
Systematic stability, 69–70
Szabo, Nick, 23
Token fundraising
France, 53–54
Gibraltar, 54–55
Malta, 54–55
overview of, 48–49
Singapore, 54–55
United Kingdom, 52–53
United States, 50–52
utility vs. security, 49–50
Zug, 54–55
Transaction speed, 114
Transparent ledger, 3
The Transparent Society (Brin), 123
Trust in elections, 132–134
Trustless blockchain, 3
Trustless economy, collaboration, 89
UK’s National Archives, 77–79
United Kingdom, token fundraising, 52–53
United States, token fundraising, 50–52
Unspent Transaction Output (UTXO), 26–27
U.S. Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA), 82
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 37
Utility vs. security, 49–50
UTXO. See Unspent Transaction Output
Venezuela, cryptocurrency, 60–61
Ver, Roger, 36
Vranken, Harald, 142
WannaCry ransomware, 9
Ward, Anne Ahola, 126
Westin, Alan, 122
“Why the Web Won’t Be Nirvana” (Stoll), 4
WikiLeaks, 20
Willett, J.R., 27, 45
Winklevoss, Cameron, 68
Winklevoss, Tyler, 68
Wolfson, Rachel, 82
World Economic Forum, 144
Wright, Craig, 25–26, 36
Wyoming Blockchain Coalition, 11–12, 127–128
Zug, token fundraising, 54–55