CHAPTER NOTES

Chapter 1

1. Heilman, M.E., Block, C.J., Martell, R.F., and Simon, M.C. (1988). “Has Anything Changed? Current Characterizations of Men, Women and Managers.” Journal of Applied Psychology 74(6): 935–42.

2. Kirchmeyer, C. (1998). “Determinants of Managerial Success: Evidence and Explanation of Male/Female Differences.” Journal of Management 24(6): 673–92.

3. Fisher, H. The First Sex: The Natural Talents of Women and How They Are Changing the World (New York: Ballantine Books, 2000).

4. Schiff, S. Cleopatra: A Life (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2010).

5. Foreman, A. “The Special Vilification of Female Leaders.” The Wall Street Journal, May 3–4, 2014.

6. “Tavistock Model.” The New York Center for the Study of Groups, Organizations, and Social Systems Website. www.nycgrouprelations.org/pdf/TavistockModel.pdf.

7. Smith, K.K. Groups in Conflict: Prisons in Disguise (Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall / Hunt Publishing, 1982). Smith, K.K., and Berg, D.N. Paradoxes of Group Life (San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass, 1987).

8. Nieva, V.F., and Gutek, B.A. (1980). “Sex Effects on Evaluation.” Academy of Management Review 5: 267–76.

9. Lips, H. Women, Men and the Psychology of Power (Prentice-Hall, 1981).

10. Heilman, M.E. (1997). “Sex Discrimination and the Affirmative Action Remedy: The Role of Sex Stereotypes.” Journal of Business Ethics 16: 877–89.

Lyness, K.S., and Thompson, D.E. (1997). “Above the Glass ceiling? A Comparison of Matched Samples of Female and Male Executives.” Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(3): 359–75.

Greenhaus, J.H., and Parasuraman, S. (1993). “Job Performance Attributes and Career Advancement Prospects: An Examination of Gender and Race Effects.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 55: 273–97.

Powell, G.N., and Mainiero, L.A. (1992). “Cross-Currents in the River of Time: Conceptualizing the Complexities of Women’s Careers.” Journal of Management 18: 215–37.

Eagly, A.H., Makhijani, M.G., and Klonsky, B.G. (1992). “Gender and the Evaluation of Leaders: A Meta-Analysis.” Psychologies Bulletin 111(1): 3–11.

Eagly, A.H., and Johnson, B.T. (1990). “Gender and Leadership Style: A Meta-Analysis.” Psychological Bulletin 108(2): 233–56.

Morrison, A.M., and von Glinow, M.A. (1990). “Women and Minorities in Management.” American Psychologist 45: 200–8.

Geis, F.L., Carter, M.R., and Butler, D.J. Seeing and Evaluating People (217/5M/6-86/M) (Newark: University of Delaware, Office of Women’s Affairs, 1986).

11. Nieva and Gutek (1980).

12. Heilman (1997).

13. Ibid.

Chapter 2

1. Reed, B.G. (1983). “Women Leaders in Small Groups: Social-Psychological Perspectives and Strategies.” Social Work With Groups 6: 35–41.

2. Phelan, C.A., and Rudman, L.A. (April 2010). “Prejudice Toward Female Leaders: Backlash Effects and Women’s Impression Management Dilemma.” Social and Personality Psychology Compass: 807–20.

Chapter 3

1. Phelan and Rudman (2010); Kirchmeyer (1998); Heilman (1997); Eagly, Makhijani; and Klonsky (1992); Reed, (1983).

Van Velsor, E., and Hughes, M.W. “Gender Differences in the Development of Managers: How Women Managers Learn From Experience.” Technical Report 145 (Greensboro, N.C.: Center for Creative Leadership, 1990).

Morrison, A.M., White, R.P., Van Velsor, E., and the Center for Creative Leadership. Breaking the Glass Ceiling (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1987).

2. Eagly, Makhijani, and Klonsky (1992).

Eagly, A.H., Johannesen-Schmidt, M., and Van Engen, M. (2003). “Transformational, Transactional, and Laissez Faire Leadership Styles: A Meta-Analysis Comparing Men and Women.” Psychological Bulletin 129(4): 569–91.

3. Hay McBer. “Mastering Global Leadership: Hay/McBer International CEO Leadership Study” (Boston, Mass.: Hay, 1995).

Spencer, L.M., and Spencer, S.M. Competence at Work (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1993).

Spencer, L.M., McClelland, D.C., and Spencer, S.M. Competency Assessment Methods (Boston: Hay/McBer Research, 1990).

Boyatzis, R.E. The Competent Manager: A Model for Effective Performance (New York: John Wiley, 1982).

4. Van Velsor and Hughes (1990).

McCauslan, J.A., and Kleiner, B.H. (1992). “Women and Organizational Leadership.” Equal Opportunities International 11(6): 12–15.

Chapter 4

1. Rosener, J.B. “Ways Women Lead.” Harvard Business Review, November–December 1990, 119–25.

2. Terri Kelly’s interview: www.mixhackathon.org/video/terri-kelly-are-you-ready-give-power-get-results-1.

3. Interview quotes by Mary Barra: www.gsb.stanford.edu/news/headlines/quotable-mary-barra.

4. Van Velsor and Hughes (1990).

5. Interview with Marissa Mayer: www.makers.com/marissa-mayer.

Chapter 5

1. “Women Poised to Effectively Lead in Matrix Work Environments.” Hay Report, March 27, 2012. Study based on Hay Group’s Emotional and Social Competency Inventory database that includes information from more than 17,000 individuals.

2. Grant, A. “The Dark Side of Emotional Intelligence.” The Atlantic, January 2, 2014.

3. Eagly, A.H., and Johannesen-Schmidt, M. (2001). “The Leadership Styles of Women and Men.” Journal of Social Issues 57(4): 781–97.

4. Eagly, Makhijani, and Klonsky (1992).

5. Rosener (1990).

6. Phelan and Rudman (2010).

Chapter 6

1. Fisher (2000).

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

4. “Whatever women do, they must do twice as well as men to be thought half as good. Luckily, this is not difficult.” From Charlotte Whitton, first female mayor in Canada.

Chapter 7

1. Kotter, J.P., and Heskett, J.L. Corporate Culture and Performance. New York: The Free Press, 2011).

2. Erickson, F. In D. Tannen and J.E. Alatis (eds.), Languages and Linguistics: The Interdependence of Theory, Data and Application (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1986).

3. Fisher (2000).

4. Devillard, S., Sancier-Sultan, S., Werner, C., Maller, I., and Kossoff, C. (2014). “Gender Diversity in Top Management: Moving Corporate Culture, Moving Boundaries.” McKinsey & Company.

5. Mainero, L.A. (1994). “On Breaking the Glass Ceiling: The Political Seasoning of Powerful Women Executives.” Organizational Dynamics 22(4): 5–20.

6. Mendell, A. How Men Think (New York: Fawcett Columbine, 1996).

7. Tannen, D. You Just Don’t Understand: Women and Men in Conversation (New York: Ballantine Books, 1990).

8. Ibid.

9. Kay, K., and Shipman, C. The Confidence Code: The Science and Art of Self-Assurance—What Women Should Know (New York: HarperCollins, 2010).

10. Epson, Laura. (2014). “Reluctant Leaders and Autonomous Followers: Leadership Tactics in Professional Services Firms.” Second report for practitioners, Cass Business School.

Chapter 8

1. Goleman, D. Working With Emotional Intelligence (Bantam Books, 2000).

Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R., and McKee, A. Primal Leadership: Unleashing the Power of Emotional Intelligence (Harvard Business Review Press, 2013).

Chapter 9

1. Mänttäri, A. (2009). “The Success Factors in Male Dominated Fields: The Case of Women in the US.” Master’s thesis. Jönköping International Business School.

2. Dillard, S., and Lipschitz, V. “How Female CEOs Actually Get to the Top.” Harvard Business Review Website. HBR.org, November 6, 2014.

3. Eagly, A.H. and Carli, L.L. Through the Labyrinth: The Truth About How Women Become Leaders (Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press, 2007).

4. Carter, N.M., and Silva, C. (2010). “Women in Management: Delusions of Progress.” Harvard Business Review.

Ibera, H., Carter, N.M., and Silva, C. (2010). “Why Men Still Get More Promotions Than Women.” Harvard Business Review.

5. Mänttäri (2009).

6. Powell and Mainiero (1992).

7. Barsh, J., and Yee, L. (2012). “Unlocking the Full Potential of Women at Work.” Special Report for the Wall Street Journal. The Executive Task Force for Women in the Economy.

8. Van Velsor and Hughes (1990).

9. Schor, S.M. “Separate and Unequal: The Nature of Women’s and Men’s Career Building Relationships.” Business Horizons, September/October, 1997: 51–8.

Chapter 10

1. Linehan, M., and Scullion, H. (2008). “The Development of Female Global Managers: The Role of Mentoring and Networking.” Journal of Business Ethics 83(1): 29–40.

Tharenou, P. (2005). “Does Mentor Support Increase Women’s Career Advancement More Than Men’s?” Australian Journal of Management 30(1): 77–109.

“Women and Mentoring: What’s Working, What Isn’t.” Simplicity 2.0, June 19, 2014.

“Creating Successful Mentoring Programs: A Catalyst Guide.” Report. Catalyst.org, January 15, 2010.

Schor (1997).

2. Fitzsimmons, T.W., Callan, V., and Paulsen, N. (2014). “Gender Disparity in the C-Suite: Do Male and Female CEOs Differ in How They Reach the Top?” The Leadership Quarterly 25(2): 245–66.

3. Van Velsor and Hughes (1990).

4. Schor (1997).

5. Ibera, Carter, and Silva (2010).

6. Hansen, M.T., Iberra, H., and Peyer, U. (2010). “The Best Performing CEOs in the World.” Harvard Business Review.

7. Ibid.

8. Henneberger, Melinda. “The Nation: Post-Monica Skittishnessl Sex, Politics and the Open Door.” New York Times, October 10, 1999.

9. Catalyst has reported that women are “over mentored and under sponsored,” indicating that this is a primary barrier to women’s advancement to top leadership.

10. Schor (1997).

11. Fisher, A.B. “Dirty Little Secrets. Savvy, January 1998: 33–95.

12. Ibid.

13. “Can Women Succeed Without a Mentor?” Women in the World, April 26, 2013.

14. Fordham, S. (1988). “Racelessness as a Factor in Black Students’ School Success: Pragmatic Strategy or Pyrrhic Victory?” Harvard Business Review 58(1): 54–82.

Note: This dynamic of distancing oneself from one’s culture group in order to be accepted as a member in another group has been discussed in terms of African Americans taking on a “raceless-ness” in order to make white colleagues feel more comfortable with them.

Chapter 11

1. Drescher, M.A., Korsgaard, M.A., Welpe, I.M., Picot, A., and Wigand, R.T. (2014). “The Dynamics of Shared Leadership: Building Trust and Enhancing Performance.” Journal of Applied Psychology 99(5): 771–83.

2. Kim, W.C., and Mauborgne, R. “Blue Ocean Leadership.” Harvard Business Review, May 2014: 60–72.

3. Venkataramani, V., Richter, A.W., and Clarke, R. (2014). “Creative Benefits From Well-Connected Leaders: Leader Social Network Ties as Facilitators of Employee Radical Creativity.” Journal of Applied Psychology 99(5): 966–75.

4. Ibid.

5. Hill, L.A., Brandeau, G., Truelove, E., and Lineback, K. Collective Genius: The Art and Practice of Leading Innovation (Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business Review Press, 2014).

6. Ibid.

7. Catmull, E. Creativity, Inc.: Overcoming the Unseen Forces That Stand in the Way of True Inspiration (New York: Random House, 2014).