Appendix C. Command Reference Exercises

Chapter 1

Table 1-6 Configuration and Verification Commands

Task

Command Syntax

Display the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway of a Windows PC

 

Display the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway of a Windows PC, in addition to DNS servers, domain name, MAC address, and whether autoconfiguration is enabled

 

Display various IP-related parameters for a router interface, including the IP address and subnet mask that have been assigned

 

Identify any IP address conflicts a router configured as a DHCP server identifies, along with the method the router used to identify the conflicts (this is, via ping or gratuitous ARP)

 

Display IP addresses that an IOS DHCP server assigns, their corresponding MAC addresses, and lease expirations

 

Determine whether IPv6 is enabled on an interface, display the multicast groups the router interface is a member of, display the global and link-local unicast addresses associated with an interface, indicate whether EUI-64 was used or stateless autoconfiguration was used to obtain the IPv6 address for the interface, display whether RAs are suppressed for the interface, and display how devices connected to the same link as the interface will obtain an IPv6 address and how they will obtain other options

 

Display the IPv6 addresses that are being used by each of the DHCPv6 clients

 

Display which DHCPv6 pool is assigned to which interface on the router

 

Display the configured DHCPv6 pools on the router

 

Display a router's best route to the specified IP address

 

Display only the static routes in a routers routing table

 

Display a router's best route to the specified network if the specific route (with a matching subnet mask length) is found in the router's IP routing table

 

Display all routes in a router's IP routing table that are encompassed by the specified network address and subnet mask (This command is often useful when troubleshooting route summarization issues.)

 

Display information (for example, next-hop IP address and egress interface) required to forward a packet, similar to the output of the show ip route ip_address command (The output of this command comes from CEF. Therefore, routing protocol information is not presented in the output.)

 

Display information from a router's FIB showing the information needed to route a packet to the specified network with the specified subnet mask

 

Display the adjacency that will be used to forward a packet from the specified source IP address to the specified destination IP address (This command is useful if the router is load balancing across multiple adjacencies, and you want to see which adjacency will be used for a certain combination of source and destination IP addresses.)

 

Display the static IPv6 routes configured on a device

 

Display the Layer 3 IPv6 address-to-Layer 2 MAC address mappings

 

Display a router's ARP cache, containing IPv4 address-to-MAC address mappings

 

Chapter 2

Table 2-9 Command Reference

Task

Command Syntax

Initialize EIGRP in classic configuration

 

Initialize EIGRP in named mode configuration

 

Define the EIGRP router ID

 

Configure an EIGRP-enabled interface to prevent neighbor adjacencies

 

Configure a keychain for EIGRP MD5 authentication

 

Configure MD5 authentication for an EIGRP interface

 

Configure SHA authentication for EIGRP named mode interfaces

 

Modify the interface delay for an interface

 

Modify the EIGRP K values

 

Modify the default number of EIGRP maximum paths that can be installed into the RIB

 

Modify the EIGRP variance multiplier for unequal-cost load balancing

 

Display the EIGRP-enabled interfaces

 

Display the EIGRP topology table

 

Display the configured EIGRP keychains and passwords

 

Display the IP routing protocol information configured on the router

 

Chapter 3

Table 3-3 Command Reference

Task

Command Syntax

Modify the EIGRP hello interval and hold time per interface

 

Configure EIGRP network summarization

 

Statically set the EIGRP metrics for a specific network summary aggregate

 

Configure an EIGRP router as a stub router

 

Configure an EIGRP router as a stub site router

 

Disable EIGRP split horizon on an interface.

 

Filter routes for an EIGRP neighbor

 

Modify/increase path cost for routes

 

Display the EIGRP-enabled interfaces

 

Display the EIGRP topology table

 

Display the IP routing protocol information configured on the router

 

Chapter 4

Table 4-3 Command Reference

Task

Command Syntax

Display the IPv4 routing protocols enabled on the router; for EIGRP, display autonomous system number, outgoing and incoming filters, K values, router ID, maximum paths, variance, local stub configuration, routing for networks, routing information sources, administrative distance, and passive interfaces

 

Show a router's EIGRP neighbors

 

Show detailed information about a router's EIGRP neighbors, including whether the neighbor is a stub router, along with the types of networks it is advertising as a stub

 

Display all of a router's interfaces that are configured to participate in an EIGRP routing process (with the exception of passive interfaces)

 

Display the interfaces participating in the EIGRP for IPv4 routing process, along with EIGRP hello and hold timers, whether the split horizon rule is enabled, and whether authentication is being used

 

Display the EIGRP configuration in the running configuration

 

Display the configuration of a specific interface in the running configuration (This is valuable when you are trying to troubleshoot EIGRP interface commands.)

 

Display the keychains and associated keys and key strings

 

Display IPv4 interface parameters; for EIGRP, verify whether the interface has joined the correct multicast group (224.0.0.10) and whether any ACLs applied to the interface might be preventing an EIGRP adjacency from forming

 

Display routes known to a router's EIGRP routing process, which are contained in the EIGRP topology table (The all-links keyword displays all routes learned for each network, and without the all-links keyword, only the successors and feasible successors are displayed for each network.)

 

Show routes known to a router's IP routing table that were injected by the router's EIGRP routing process

 

Display all EIGRP packets exchanged with a router's EIGRP neighbors or display only specific EIGRP packet types (for example, EIGRP hello packets)

 

Chapter 5

Table 5-6 Command Reference

Task

Command Syntax

Initialize EIGRPv6 with classic configuration

 

Initialize EIGRPv6 with named mode configuration

 

Display all EIGRPv6 interfaces

 

Display established EIGRPv6 neighbors

 

Shows a router's EIGRPv6 neighbors

 

Display the IPv6 routing protocols enabled on the router; for EIGRP, display autonomous system number, outgoing and incoming filters, K values, router ID, maximum paths, variance, local stub configuration, interfaces participating in the routing process, routing information sources, administrative distance, and passive interfaces

 

Display all of a router's interfaces that are configured to participate in an EIGRPv6 routing process (with the exception of passive interfaces)

 

Display the interfaces participating in the EIGRPv6 routing process, along with EIGRP hello and hold timers, whether the split horizon rule is enabled, and whether authentication is being used

 

Display the IPv6 EIGRP configuration in the running configuration

 

Show detailed information about a router's EIGRP neighbors, including whether the neighbor is a stub router, along with the types of networks it is advertising as a stub

 

Show routes known to a router's IP routing table that were injected by the router's EIGRP routing process

 

Display detailed information about the EIGRP for IPv4 and IPv6 address families that are enabled on the router, including autonomous system number, K values, router ID, maximum paths, variance, local stub configuration, and administrative distance

 

Display the interfaces that are participating in the named EIGRP for IPv4 address family

 

Display the interfaces that are participating in the named EIGRPv6 address family

 

Display detailed information about the interfaces participating in the named EIGRP for IPv4 address family, including hello interval and hold time, whether split horizon is enabled, whether authentication is set, and statistics about hellos and packets

 

Display detailed information about the interfaces participating in the named EIGRPv6 address family, including hello interval and hold time, whether split horizon is enabled, whether authentication is set, and statistics about hellos and packets

 

Display the EIGRP for IPv4 neighbor relationships that have formed

 

Display the EIGRPv6 neighbor relationships that have formed

 

Display the EIGRP for IPv4 topology table for the address family

 

Display the EIGRPv6 topology table for the address family

 

Display all EIGRP packets exchanged with a router's EIGRP neighbors; however, the focus of the command can be narrowed to display only specific EIGRP packet types (for example, EIGRP hello packets)

 

Chapter 6

Table 6-9 Command Reference

Task

Command Syntax

Initialize the OSPF process

 

Enable OSPF on network interfaces that match a specified network range for a specific OSPF area

 

Enable OSPF on an explicit specific network interface for a specific OSPF area

 

Configure a specific interface as passive

 

Configure all interfaces as passive

 

Advertise a default route into OSPF

 

Modify the OSPF reference bandwidth for dynamic interface metric costing

 

Configure the OSPF priority for a DR/BDR election

 

Statically configure an interface as a broadcast OSPF network type

 

Statically configure an interface as a nonbroadcast OSPF network type

 

Statically configure an interface as a point-to-point OSPF network type

 

Statically configure an interface as a point-to-multipoint OSPF network type

 

Enable OSPF authentication for an area

 

Define the plaintext password for an interface

 

Define the MD5 password for an interface

 

Restart the OSPF process

 

Display the OSPF interfaces on a router

 

Display the OSPF neighbors and their current states

 

Display the OSPF routes that are installed in the RIB

 

Chapter 7

Table 7-9 Command Reference

Task

Command Syntax

Initialize the OSPF process

 

Display the generic LSA listings in a router's LSDB and the type and count for each type from an advertising router

 

Display the specific information for a Type 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 7 LSA

 

Configure all routers in an OSPF area as an OSPF stub area

 

Configure an ABR as a totally stubby area router ABR

 

Configure all routers in an OSPF area as an OSPF NSSA area

 

Configure an ABR for an NSSA with optional default route injection

 

Configure an ABR as a totally NSSA router ABR

 

Modify the OSPF reference bandwidth for dynamic interface metric costing

 

Statically set the OSPF metric for an interface

 

Configure internal route summarization on the first ABR attached to the source network

 

Configure external route summarization on the ASBR

 

Configure an OSPF virtual link to extend Area 0

 

Chapter 8

Table 8-6 Command Reference

Task

Command Syntax

Display the IPv4 routing protocols enabled on the device; for OSPFv2, display whether any route filters are applied, the RID, the number of areas the router is participating in, the types of areas, the maximum paths for load balancing, the network area command, the interfaces explicitly participating in the routing process, passive interfaces, routing information sources, and the AD

 

Display general OSPF parameters, including the PID, the RID, the reference bandwidth, the areas configured on the router, the types of areas (stub, totally stubby, NSSA, and totally NSSA), and area authentication

 

Display the interfaces that are participating in the OSPF process

 

Display detailed information about the interfaces participating in the OSPF process, including interface IPv4 address and mask, area ID, PID, RID, network type, cost, DR/BDR, priority, and timers

 

Display the OSPF devices that have formed a neighbor adjacency with the local router

 

Display the OSPF routes that have been installed in the IPv4 routing table

 

Display the OSPF link-state database

 

Provide information about the status of OSPF virtual links that are required for areas not physically adjacent to the backbone area (that is, Area 0)

 

Display real-time information related to the exchange of OSPF hello packets; useful for identifying mismatched OSPF timers and mismatched OSPF area types

 

Display the transmission and reception of OSPF packets in real time

 

Display real-time updates about the formation of an OSPF adjacency; useful for identifying mismatched area IDs and authentication information

 

Display real-time information about OSPF events, including the transmission and reception of hello messages and LSAs; might be useful on a router that appears to be ignoring hello messages received from a neighboring router

 

Chapter 9

Table 9-7 Command Reference

Task

Command Syntax

Configure OSPFv3 on a router and enable it on an interface

 

Configure a specific OSPFv3 interface as passive

 

Configure all OSPFv3 interfaces as passive

 

Summarize an IPv6 network range on an ABR

 

Configure an OSPFv3 interface as point-to-point or broadcast network type

 

Display OSPFv3 interface settings

 

Display OSPFv3 IPv6 neighbors

 

Display OSPFv3 router LSAs

 

Display OSPFv3 network LSAs

 

Display OSPFv3 link LSAs

 

Chapter 10

Table 10-4 Command Reference

Task

Command Syntax

Display the IPv4 routing protocols enabled on the device; for OSPFv2, display whether any route filters are applied, the RID, the number of areas the router is participating in, the types of areas, the maximum paths for load balancing, the network area command, the interfaces explicitly participating in the routing process, passive interfaces, routing information sources, and the AD

 

Display the IPv6 dynamic routing protocols enabled on the device; for OSPFv3, display the PID, the RID, the number of areas, the type of areas, the interfaces participating in the routing process, and redistribution information

 

Display general OSPF parameters, including the PID, the RID, the reference bandwidth, the areas configured on the router, the types of areas (stub, totally stubby, NSSA, and totally NSSA), and area authentication

 

Display the interfaces that are participating in the OSPF process

 

Display detailed information about the interfaces participating in the OSPF process, including the interface IPv4 address and mask, area ID, PID, RID, network type, cost, DR/BDR, priority, and timers

 

Display the OSPF devices that have formed a neighbor adjacency with the local router

 

Display the OSPF routes that have been installed in the IPv4/IPv6 routing table

 

Display general OSPFv3 parameters for IPv4 and IPv6 address families, including the PID, the RID, the reference bandwidth, the areas configured on the router, the types of areas (stub, totally stubby, NSSA, and totally NSSA), and area authentication

 

Display the interfaces that are participating in the OSPFv3 process and the AF they are participating in

 

Display detailed information about the interfaces participating in the OSPFv3 address families, including interface IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, area ID, PID, RID, network type, cost, DR/BDR, priority, and timers

 

Display the OSPFv3 neighbor adjacencies that have been formed for each AF

 

Display the OSPF link-state database

 

Display the OSPFv3 link-state database

 

Display real-time information related to the exchange of OSPF hello packets; useful for identifying mismatched OSPF timers and mismatched OSPF area types

 

Display the transmission and reception of OSPF packets in real time

 

Display real-time updates about the formation of an OSPF adjacency; useful for identifying mismatched area IDs and authentication information

 

Display real-time information about OSPF events, including the transmission and reception of hello messages and LSAs; might be useful on a router that appears to be ignoring hello messages received from a neighboring router

 

Chapter 11

Table 11-8 Command Reference

Task

Command Syntax

Initialize the BGP router process

 

Statically configure the BGP router ID

 

Identify a BGP peer to establish a session with

 

Configure the BGP session timers

 

Specify the source interface for BGP packets for a specific BGP peer

 

Specify the ASN as which the BGP confederation should appear

 

Specify any BGP confederation member ASs that this router will peer with

 

Disable the automatic IPv4 address family configuration mode

 

Initialize a specific address family and sub-address family

 

Activate a BGP neighbor for a specific address family

 

Advertise a network into BGP

 

Modify the next-hop IP address on prefix advertisements to match that of the IP address used for the BGP session

 

Configure the associated BGP peer as a route reflector client

 

Display the contents of the BGP database

 

Display a summary of the BGP table and neighbor peering sessions

 

Display the negotiated BGP settings with a specific peer and the number of prefixes exchanged with that peer

 

Display the Adj-RIB-out BGP table for a specific BGP neighbor

 

Chapter 12

Table 12-4 Command Reference

Task

Command Syntax

Configure a BGP aggregate IPv4 prefix

 

Configure a BGP aggregate IPv6 prefix

 

Configure a prefix list

 

Create a route map entry

 

Conditionally match in a route map using AS_Path

 

Conditionally match in a route map using an ACL

 

Conditionally match in a route map using a prefix list

 

Conditionally match in a route map using local preference

 

Filter routes to a BGP neighbor using an ACL

 

Filter routes to a BGP neighbor using a prefix list

 

Create an ACL based on the BGP AS_Path

 

Filter routes to a BGP neighbor using an AS_Path ACL

 

Associate an inbound or outbound route map to a specific BGP neighbor

 

Configure IOS-based routers to display the community in new format for easier readability of BGP communities

 

Create a BGP community list for conditional route matching

 

Set BGP communities in a route map

 

Configure the maximum number of BGP prefixes that a neighbor can receive

 

Define a BGP peer group

 

Initiate a route refresh for a specific BGP peer

 

Display the current BGP table, based on routes that meet a specified AS_Path regex pattern

 

Display the current BGP table, based on routes that meet a specified BGP community

 

Chapter 13

Table 13-4 Command Reference

Task

Command Syntax

Set the weight in a route map

 

Set the weight for all routes learned from this neighbor

 

Set the local preference in a route map

 

Set the local preference for all routes learned from this neighbor

 

Enable the advertise of AIGP path attributes

 

Set the AIGP metric in a route map

 

Set AS_Path prepending in a route map

 

Set the origin using a route map

 

Set the MED using a route map

 

Set the MED to infinity when the MED is not present

 

Set the MED to the default value when the MED is not present

 

Ensure that MED is always compared, regardless of AS_Path

 

Group together paths with identical AS_Path values as part of the best-path identification process

 

Configure eBGP multipathing

 

Configure iBGP multipathing

 

Chapter 14

Table 14-3 Command Reference

Task

Command Syntax

Display a router's BGP RID, ASN, information about the BGP's memory usage, and summary information about IPv4/IPv6 unicast BGP neighbors

 

Display detailed information about all the IPv4/IPv6 BGP neighbors of a router

 

Display the IPv4/IPv6 network prefixes present in the IPv4/IPv6 BGP table

 

Show routes known to a router's IPv4/IPv6 routing table that were learned from BGP

 

Show real-time information about BGP events, such as the establishment of a peering relationship

 

Show real-time information about BGP updates sent and received by a BGP router

 

Display updates that occur in a router's IP routing table (This command is not specific to BGP.)

 

Chapter 15

Table 15-8 Command Reference

Task

Command Syntax

Configure a prefix list

 

Create a route map entry

 

Conditionally match in a route map using AS_Path

 

Conditionally match in a route map using an ACL

 

Conditionally match in a route map using a prefix list

 

Conditionally match in a route map using local preference

 

Prepend the AS_Path for the network prefix with the pattern specified or from multiple iterations from neighboring autonomous systems

 

Set the next-hop IP address for any matching prefix

 

Set the BGP PA local preference

 

Set a numeric tag (0 through 4294967295) for identification of networks by other routers

 

Chapter 16

Table 16-7 Command Reference

Task

Command Syntax

Redistribute the source routing protocol into a destination routing protocol

 

Set the default EIGRP seed metric for redistributed prefixes

 

Allow for the redistribution of iBGP learned prefixes into an IGP

 

Chapter 17

Table 17-4 Command Reference

Task

Command Syntax

Display the IPv4 sources of routing information that are being redistributed into the IPv4 routing protocols enabled on the device

 

Display the IPv6 sources of routing information that are being redistributed into the IPv6 routing protocols enabled on the device

 

Show which IPv4 routes have been redistributed into the IPv4 EIGRP process on the boundary router

 

Show which IPv6 routes have been redistributed into the IPv6 EIGRP process on the boundary router

 

Show which IPv4 routes have been redistributed into the OSPFv2 process; they are represented as Type 5 or Type 7 LSAs

 

Show which IPv6 routes have been redistributed into the OSPFv3 process; they are represented as Type 5 or Type 7 LSAs

 

Display the IPv4 and IPv6 BGP learned routes; routes originally learned through redistribution have a question mark (?) in the Path column

 

Display a router's BGP router ID, autonomous system number, information about the BGP's memory usage, and summary information about IPv4 unicast BGP neighbors

 

Display detailed information about all the IPv4 BGP neighbors of a router

 

Chapter 18

Table 18-3 Command Reference

Task

Command Syntax

Define a VRF instance and enter VRF configuration mode for the instance (in global configuration mode)

 

Associate an interface or a subinterface with a VRF instance (in interface configuration mode)

 

Display configured VRF instances and associated router interfaces

 

Display the routes in the global routing table

 

Display the routes in the routing table for the VRF specified in the command

 

Display all VRF-enabled interfaces on the router, including their IP addresses and whether the protocol is up or down

 

Test IP connectivity for a specific VRF

 

Chapter 19

Table 19-14 Command Reference

Task

Command Syntax

Specify the source IP address or interface used for encapsulating packets for a tunnel

 

Specify the destination IP address for establishing a tunnel

 

Convert a GRE tunnel into an mGRE tunnel

 

Enable NRHP and uniquely identify a DMVPN tunnel locally

 

Define a tunnel key globally on a DMVPN tunnel interface to allow routers to identify when multiple tunnels use the same encapsulating interface

 

Enable plaintext NHRP authentication

 

Associate a front door VRF instance to a DMVPN tunnel interface

 

Allow for an NHRP client to register with a different IP address before timing out at the hub

 

Enable the NHRP redirect function on a DMVPN hub tunnel interface

 

Enable the ability to install NHRP shortcuts into a spoke router's RIB

 

Enable the mapping of multicast on a DMVPN hub tunnel interface

 

Specify the NHRP NHS, NBMA address, and multicast mapping on a spoke

 

Display the tunnel interface state and statistics

 

Display DMVPN tunnel interface association, NHRP mappings, and IPsec session details

 

Display the NHRP cache for a router

 

Display the NHRP shortcut that is installed for an overridden route

 

Chapter 20

Table 20-4 Command Reference

Task

Command Syntax

Configure an IKEv2 keyring

 

Configure an IKEv2 profile

 

Configure an IPsec transform set

 

Configure an IPsec profile

 

Encrypt the DMVPN tunnel interface

 

Modify the default IPsec replay window size

 

Enable IPsec NAT keepalives

 

Display the IKEv2 profile

 

Display the IPsec profile

 

Chapter 21

Table 21-3 Command Reference

Task

Command Syntax

Display all the access lists configured on the device

 

Display all the IPv4 access lists configured on the device

 

Display all the IPv6 access lists configured on the device

 

Display the inbound and outbound IPv4 access lists applied to an interface

 

Display the inbound and outbound IPv6 access lists applied to an interface

 

Display any time ranges that have been configured on the device

 

Display the date and time on the device

 

Chapter 22

Table 22-3 Command Reference

Task

Command Syntax

Display the configuration of the local usernames and passwords on the device, the AAA commands that have been configured, and the vty line configuration

 

Display the authentication process in real time

 

Display the RADIUS authentication process in real time

 

Display the local authentication process in real time

 

Enable AAA services on the router

 

Create a username and password in the local username and password database

 

Create a method list for AAA login purposes using a group of AAA servers for authentication with fallback to the local username and password database if the servers are not reachable

 

Apply a AAA method list to a vty or console line in line configuration mode

 

Configure uRPF on an interface in interface configuration mode

 

Display all configured ACLs on the router

 

Display all configured class maps on the router

 

Display all configured policy maps on the router

 

Verify the applied policy map, the class maps in the order in which they will be applied, the match conditions of the class maps, and the policies that are applied to the traffic that is matched

 

Chapter 23

Table 23-3 Command Reference

Task

Command Syntax

Display the ingress and egress allowed transport protocols on vty line

 

Display only the ingress allowed transport protocols on a vty line

 

Display the vty line configuration in the running configuration

 

Display the lines that are currently being used for management connectivity

 

Display whether SSH is enabled or disabled, the version of SSH enabled, and the SSH RSA key

 

Display the SSHv1 and SSHv2 connections to the local device

 

Display information related to syslog, including level settings and messages logged for console, monitor, buffer, and traps logging; verify the buffer size and its contents for buffer logging and the IP address/port number of the syslog server

 

Display the conditional debug commands that have been configured on the router

 

Display SNMP group information, including the group name, the security mode, the read and write views, and any applied ACLs

 

Display any configured SNMP users; output includes the username, the authentication protocol used, the encryption protocol used, and the group the user is applied to

 

Display the local configuration of the SNMP server, including the IP address, UDP port, type, attached user, and security model being used

 

Display the SNMP views configured on the local device

 

Display which IP SLA operations are supported on the platform, how many operations are configured, and how many operations are currently active

 

Display the IP SLA configuration values for the IP SLA instances

 

Display the IP SLA operational results of IP SLA instances

 

Display the operational results of the IP SLA responder

 

Display the configured tracking objects on the local device, including the current state and the service or feature it is attached to

 

Display the local NetFlow flow cache as well as the configured timers

 

Display the interfaces enabled for NetFlow and the direction in which they are capturing information

 

Display the NetFlow exporter configuration, including the source and destination addresses, port number, and version of NetFlow

 

Display all user-defined Flexible NetFlow flow records that are configured on the local device

 

Display the locally configured Flexible NetFlow flow monitors; verify the attached flow record and flow exporter as well as the configured timers

 

Display the interfaces enabled for Flexible NetFlow and the direction in which they are capturing information

 

Display the Flexible NetFlow exporter configuration, including the source and destination addresses, port number, and version of NetFlow

 

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