Glossary

3G:
High-speed radio technology (between 1.5 and 3 Mbps).
4G:
Radio technology with speeds above 100 Mbps, even reaching 1 Gbps.
5G:
Radio technology with speeds exceeding several Gbps.
Accounting rate:
The rate agreed between administrations in a given relationship that is used for the establishment of international accounts (Rec. D.000).
ADSL (asymmetric digital subscriber line):
Allows a telephone line subscriber to receive all Internet-related services at a data rate 10 times higher than analog modems (ADSL reaching 7 Mbps and ADSL2+ reaching 20 Mbps).
ATM:
Asynchronous transfer mode.
B2B and C2C:
Business-to-Business, and Consumer-to-Consumer (or Customer-to-Customer) relationships.
Bluetooth:
Close range radio technology.
Broadband:
Regulatory authorities currently consider subscriber services between 30 and 100 Mbps to be broadband. Superfast broadband refers to connections above 100 Mbps.
CDN:
Content delivery network (multimedia).
Collection charge:
Charge established and collected by a network operator from its customers for the use of an international telecommunication service.
Cybersecurity:
All means and measures required to guarantee Internet security. “The state sought by a computer system to allow it to withstand all occurrences in cyberspace”.
Darknet:
System of anonymized and encrypted networks, including the Tor, I2P and FreeNet networks, which host sites carrying an unreferenced DNS address suffix.
Direct transit country:
Transit country through which traffic is routed on direct circuits, namely circuits provided for the exclusive use of other countries.
DTT:
Digital terrestrial television. Television service with various programs that is conveyed through regional or satellite radio transmitters.
DOCSIS:
Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification – standard for connecting the subscriber to 10/1 Gbps broadband for multimedia services.
Flow:
A set of IP packets passing an observation point in the network during a certain time interval [ITU-T Y.2233].
GAFA:
Abbreviation that indicates the Internet’s major players: Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon.
GbE:
Gigabit Ethernet – standards for connecting Ethernet subscribers at speeds between 1 Gbps and 1,000 Gbps, largely on fiber-optics.
HCF: Hybrid Coaxial Fiber:
Subscriber connection made through fiber-optics and coaxial cable.
HSBB:
Very high-speed broadband, both in the downlink direction (from the network to the subscriber) and kbps in the uplink direction (from the subscriber to the network).
International circuit:
Circuit between international centers located in different countries (Rec. D.000).
International mobile roaming (IMR):
A service that allows subscribers to continue to use their mobile telephones and their telephone number to access voice and short messaging services abroad through the mobile network of the country visited.
IPv4/IPv6:
Addressing of Internet terminals.
IPX: Internetwork Packet eXchange:
Provides a platform for connecting IP services between mobile and fixed networks and service providers.
IXP – Internet eXchange Point – GIX (Global Internet eXchange):
Physical access point shared between Internet service providers and networks, use of which is determined by peering agreements.
IXP:
An Internet eXchange Point (IXP) is a physical network access point through which major network providers connect their networks and exchange traffic. The primary focus of an exchange point is to facilitate network interconnection through an exchange access point instead of third-party networks and allows the local circulation of traffic routed in the region. It allows savings to be made in internetwork throughput capacity, which reduces the overall costs of Internet connectivity.
MFS – Mobile financial services:
MFS allows mobile telephones to be used to carry out financial transactions, such as:
  • – depositing funds, transactions and payments;
  • – money transfers (including P2P, C2B, B2B);
  • – the mobile electronic wallet (e-wallet);
  • – government-to-person (G2P) payments, which include social transfers as well as salary and pension payments;
  • – account information services.

These services can be offered by an MNO, an independent payment platform with banking connections, or by a bank itself. All of these actors are considered “mobile payment operators” (MPO).

MVNO:
Mobile virtual network operator.
National extension:
The part of the connection that runs from the national section of an international center to the subscriber.
NGN:
New generation network.
Non-discrimination:
Treating a service or service provider no less favorably than other identical services or service providers in similar conditions.
NRA:
National Regulatory Authorities.
On-Net:
Intranetwork call or message. The term “On-Net” is used when a call or message originates on the initial operator’s network and finishes at another mobile telephone number close to that operator.
Off-Net:
Call or message outside networks. “Off-Net” is used when the call or message comes from a different network, when roaming, for example, or through a domestic network when the call or message is directed toward a number belonging to a different network provider.
OTT (Over The Top):
“High-level actors” not represented at the ITU (International Telecommunication Union) which offer original applications, either for a price or for free, and with or without Internet advertising. An OTT service is one that bypasses the distribution channels of traditional network operators on the Internet. This circumvention can potentially place these services and applications in competition or see them stand in for traditional telecommunications or broadcasting services, such as voice telephony, SMS, video and voice calls, video streaming and downloading, all of which may or may not be connected to advertisements. The providers of these OTT applications are also called “OTT”. Online Internet services that are not in competition with traditional telecommunications or broadcasting services are not included in this field.
P2P:
Peer-to-peer.
PCM:
Pulse code modulation.
PLC:
Power-line carrier technology.
PTSN:
Public switched telephone network. This uses the same technology as analog and digital circuit-switching.
RCS:
Rich communications services – platform offering the distribution of voice communications and SMS messaging data through instant messaging, live video or file sharing.
Router:
A piece of network equipment that, located between several servers, allows users to access network resources.
SDH:
Synchronous digital hierarchy. A broadband digital transmission system.
Session:
A temporary telecommunications relationship among a group of objects in the service stratum that is assigned to collectively fulfill a task for a period of time [ITU-T Y.2091].
Settlement rate:
The part of the accounting rate corresponding to the means available to each country; this share is fixed by agreement between administrations.
SMS:
Short message service – A text message (or “text”) limited to 140 or 160 characters and exchanged between mobile telephones or sent from a computer connected to the Internet.
TCP:
Transmission control protocol.
Terminal rate:
The part of the accounting rate which returns to the end administration.
Termination charge:
Charge fixed by the destination network operator for incoming traffic regardless of origin.
ToIP:
Telephony over IP.
Transit rate:
The part of the accounting rate that returns to an intermediary administration whose facilities or circuits are borrowed to route traffic between two end countries.
Uberization:
(From “Uber”, the major Californian platform created for car hire services with drivers). Creation of a part-time business to provide services through an intermediary computer platform connected to the Internet.
UDP:
User datagram protocol.
UHF:
Ultra high frequency. Radio spectrum band ranging from 300 to 3,000 MHz.
Unbundling, partial or total:
Unbundling allows Internet service providers to use old France Telecom infrastructure to develop their offers. In partial unbundling, the fixed telephone line continues to be managed by the traditional operator. In total unbundling, all services (Internet, telephony) are managed by the Internet service provider (ISP).
VDSL:
Very-high-bit-rate DSL – Broadband xDSL technology on metallic subscriber pairs (from 1 to 55 Mbps).
Wi-Fi:
Radio technology that allows several mobile data terminals to be linked over an Internet network connection according to IEEE802.11 standards. The routers sold by network operators and ISPs have this technology.
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