A

• Accelerated Processing Unit (APU), vs. CPU cs. GPU vs. ASIC, 139
• addresses
  • for blockchain, 22–23, 26
  • changing, 46–47
  • for payouts, 114
• Albanian Generals Problem. See Byzantine Generals Problem (Byzantine Fault)
• algorithms
  • cryptocurrencies and, 131–138
  • mined without ASICs, 134–138
  • requiring specialized ASICs, 133–134
• Amazon, 251
• AMD, 91, 189
• American Red Cross (website), 256
• Angry IP Scanner, 114, 181
• antifragile, 144
• anti-money laundering (AML), 25
• Antminer Bitmain S9, 176, 222
• Antonopolous, Aundreas, 61
• AntPool (website), 104
• Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs)
  • about, 36, 56, 101
  • algorithms mined without, 134–138
  • algorithms requiring specialized, 133–134
  • vs. CPU vs. GPU vs. APU, 139
  • dominance and efficiency of, 77–79
  • manufacturer ratings, 206–207
  • mining rigs, 175–183
  • rig producers of, 164–165
• applications, of Proof of Work (PoW) algorithms, 55–56
• ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits). See Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs)
• ASUS, 187–188
• AT&T (website), 251
• Auroracoin (AUR), 244–245
• Australia, cryptocurrency in, 91

B

• B250 Mining Expert, 187–188
• bandwidth, 167
• BCD, 138
• Beenz, 10
• BetterHash (website), 103
• BFGMiner, 200
• Big Three criteria, 102
• bills, paying, 250–251
• Binance Pool (website), 104
• Bitcoin (BTC)
  • about, 11–12
  • block subsidy in, 31–32
  • blockchain explorers, 305–306
  • competing for, 48–50
  • full node network (website), 43
  • global legal status (website), 90
  • mining pools for, 104
  • network graphs (website), 306
  • peer-to-peer protocol, 40
  • presets, 51
  • as a Proof of Work (PoW) cryptocurrency, 56
  • resources for, 116
  • software, 321
  • website, 104
  • white paper, 10–11, 308
  • winning, 50–51

• “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System” (Nakamoto), 10–11

• Bitcoin Blockchain Matrix (website), 306
• Bitcoin Cash, 241–243
• Bitcoin Cash Metrics (website), 307
• Bitcoin Core (website), 41
• Bitcoin EDU (website), 309
• Bitcoin for Everybody (website), 309
• Bitcoin is Hope (website), 309
• Bitcoin Lessons (website), 309
• Bitcoin Magazine, 235
• Bitcoin Mining, 165
• Bitcoin Mining Container, 165
• Bitcoin subreddit, 235
• Bitcoin Support (website), 309
• Bitcoin Talk, 108, 234
• Bitcoin Transaction Visualization (website), 306
• Bitcoin Visuals (website), 259, 307
• Bitcoin Volatility Index, 284
• Bitcoin Wiki (website), 307
• Bitcoin Wiki Benchmarks, 208, 209
• BitcoinBeginners subreddit, 235
• Bitcoinity (website), 259, 307
• BitcoinTaxes (website), 265

• The Bitcoin Big Bang (website), 306
• The Bitcoin Machine (website), 41
• The Bitcoin Standard (website), 309

• bitcointicker (website), 306
• BitcoinWiki (website), 307
• BitFury, 164
• BitGive (website), 256
• BitGold, 10
• BitInfoCharts, 145–146, 217, 218, 241–243, 246, 259, 307
• Bitmain, 164
• Bitmain Antminer, 163–164, 182
• Bitnodes (website), 306
• Bitrefill, 252
• Blackcoin, 63

• “Blind Signatures for Untraceable Transactions” (Chaum), 9

• block difficulty
  • about, 93
  • adjustment algorithm, 93–95
  • increasing, 245–246
• Block Digest, 235
• block earnings, 218, 219–223
• block producers, 69
• block reward, 32
• block subsidy, as an incentive for bitcoin miner, 32
• Blockchain.com (website), 305
• blockchains
  • about, 11–12, 13
  • address for, 22–23, 26
  • encrypted, 19
  • explorer, 19
  • hashing, 14–15
  • immutability of, 15–16
  • messages to, 21–22
  • network for, 13–14
  • research on, 305–306
  • satellite, 168
• Blockchair (website), 305
• Blockcypher (website), 305
• BlockStream, 168, 172
• Blockstream Explorer (website), 305
• b-money, 10
• Bohr, Niels, 228
• Braiins Insights, 226
• Braiins Mining Insights, 209
• Braiins OS, 197–198, 199
• Braiins.com (website), 304
• Brevand, Marc, 313
• Brunei, Bitcoin in, 89
• BTC (Bitcoin). See Bitcoin (BTC)
• BTC Sessions (website), 309
• BTC.com (website), 104
• BTCMiner, 200
• BTCPay Server (website), 41
• bug, 144
• building
  • central processing unit (CPU), 189–190
  • fans, 194
  • GPU miners, 185–195
  • graphical processing units (GPUs), 190–191
  • hard drives, 193–194
  • keyboard, 194–195
  • memory, 192–193
  • mining rig frames, 185–187
  • motherboards, 187–189
  • mouse, 194–195
  • operating system, 194–195
  • power supplies (PSUs), 193
  • rise card/cables, 192
  • screen, 194–195
• burn rate, 276
• buying
  • the Dip, 280–281
  • equipment, 250–251
• Byzantine Generals Problem (Byzantine Fault), 34–35

C

• C11, 137
• calculating
  • for pool mining, 221–223
  • power consumption, 214–215
  • return on investment (ROI), 218–228
  • for solo mining, 219–221
• Canaan, 164
• candidate block, 48, 49, 50
• Cannabis Coin, 132
• capability, of hash rates, 210–211
• Carmichael numbers, 20
• CaseBitcoin (website), 309
• Casper FFG, 68
• CBOE (Chicago Board of Exchange), 91
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
  • about, 76, 101
  • benchmarks, 208
  • building, 189–190
  • vs. GPU vs. APU vs. ASIC, 139
• centralization, 320–321
• CGMiner, 200
• chain tip, 65
• changing addresses, 46–47
• Chaum, David (cryptographer)
  • “Blind Signatures for Untraceable Transactions,” 9
  • Digicash, 10
• Cheat Sheet (website), 3
• Chicago Board of Exchange (CBOE), 91
• China, Bitcoin in, 89
• Chinese Generals Problem, 34–35
• choosing
  • computational mining hardware, 153–164
  • cryptocurrencies to mine, 123–151
  • miners, 35–37
  • mining pools, 81–82, 102–112
  • servers, 113
  • viable locations, 166–173
• Circle, 92
• Citadel 256 (website), 172
• civil war, 238
• Clear, Michael, 12
• client, 40
• client-server networks, 40
• cloning, 237
• cloud mining, 83–84, 116–118
• CNReverseWaltz, 138
• coin age, 67
• Coin Center, 313
• Coin Dance, 259, 307
• coin distribution, 148–149, 319
• coin issuance, 148–149
• Coin Metrics, 259, 307
• COIN360 (website), 306
• coin-age, 62
• Coinbase, 92
• CoinCap (website), 218, 304
• CoinDance, 146
• CoinDesk, 235, 259, 307
• CoinGate, 251
• CoinGecko (website), 218
• CoinJournal, 235
• Coinlib (website), 218
• CoinLore (website), 304
• Coinmap, 251
• CoinMarketCap, 218, 244, 296, 304
• CoinShares, 313

• The Coinmine, 165

• CoinWarz, 127, 141, 225, 304
• colocation center, 172
• communication requirements, for equipment, 167–168
• community support, 146–148
• Compass Mining (website), 117, 172
• competition
  • for Bitcoin, 48–50
  • increasing, 245
• Complete Idiot's Guide to the Internet (Kent), 319
• computational efficiency, improvements in, 88–89
• computational mining hardware, selecting, 153–164
• Compute North (website), 172
• computers, 181–183
• conjoin, 25
• connections, 180–183
• consensus, 13–14, 237
• consensus algorithms, 34–35
• consensus process, 48, 53
• container producers, 165
• conversion rates, 218
• converting cryptocurrency, 250
• cooling efficiently, 299–300
• Core Cryptocurrency Software, 200
• Core Scientific (website), 172
• core software, 199
• corporate state participation, 89, 91
• cost
  • of electricity, 213–216
  • of equipment, 161–162, 204–205
  • of facilities, 213
  • of maintenance, 212–213
• Counterparty (XCP), 71
• CPU (Central Processing Unit). See Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• CPU mining, 76, 101, 195
• credit cards, 8–9
• crossover mining, 57
• CrypoNightSaber, 138
• crypto anarchist, 96, 254
• Crypto Anarchist Manifesto (May), 254
• Crypto Clear: Blockchain & Cryptocurrency Made Simple video course (website), 3, 166, 309
• Crypto Tax Girl (website), 265
• Crypto51 (website), 259
• Crypto51 PoW 51% Attack Cost (website), 307
• Crypto-CoinZ, 127
• CryptoCompare, 208, 218, 304
• cryptocurrencies
  • about, 7, 18–20, 123
  • algorithms and, 131–138
  • community support, 146–148
  • components of, 25–27
  • converting, 250
  • CPU vs. GPU vs. APU vs. ASIC, 139
  • decentralization, 148–151
  • details page for, 138–139
  • determining goals for, 124–126
  • donating, 256
  • exchanges, 260
  • game theory, 58
  • gifting, 256–257
  • GitHub, 142–143
  • hash power, 141
  • hash rate and security of, 145–146
  • hash rate units, 132
  • home page for, 141–142
  • investing, 255
  • iterative process, 151
  • longevity of, 144–145
  • Metcalfe's Law, 147
  • minability of, 126–127
  • mining forums, 144
  • mining profitability comparison websites, 127–131
  • mining-profit calculators, 140
  • as one of Big Three criteria, 102
  • paying with, 251–252
  • pseudonymous, 25
  • researching, 127–144
  • selecting to mine, 123–151
  • switching between, 285
  • Wikipedia page for, 143
• cryptocurrency networks. See networks
• cryptocurrency wallets. See wallets
• CryptoFolio (website), 265
• CryptoID (website), 305
• CryptoNight Conceal, 138
• CryptoNight Fast, 138
• CryptoNight FastV2, 138
• CryptoNightHaven, 138
• CryptoNightR, 137
• CryptoTrader.Tax (website), 265
• Cuckatoo29/29s/31, 138
• Cuckoo Cycle, 138
• Cudo Miner, 103, 118–122, 154
• Curecoin, 316
• currencies, decentralized, 30–31
• current events, 235–236
• custodial exchange risk, 262–263
• custodial wallets, 40–41, 241
• Cybercash, 10
• Cybercoin, 10
• Cypherpunk Mailing List, 308
• Cypherpunk Manifesto, 309

D

• Danko, William, The Millionaire Next Door, 257
• DarkNet (DNET), 27
• DASH code, 27, 68, 154
• data, resources for, 307
• data centers, 172–173
• data visualizations, 306
• databases, 13
• dBFT (delegated Byzantine Fault Tolerance), 69–70
• DCA (dollar cost averaging), 260–263
• de Vries, Alex, 313
• decentralization, 148–151
• decentralized currencies, 30–31
• decrypting messages, 24–25
• DEC's Millcent, 10
• dedicated commercial locations, 172–173
• delegated Byzantine Fault Tolerance (dBFT), 69–70
• delegated Proof of Stake (dPoS), 69
• details page, for cryptocurrency, 138–139
• determining goals, 124–126
• DGM (Double Geometric Method), 107
• Digicash, 10
• digital currency, history of, 8–12
• digital gold, 57
• Digital Shovel, 165
• diminishing returns, 246–247
• DISH (website), 251
• distributing coins, 148–149
• DNET (DarkNet), 27
• Dogecoin, 143, 154
• dollar cost averaging (DCA), 260–263
• Dollar Cost Averaging Into Bitcoin, 262
• donating cryptocurrency, 256
• Double Geometric Method (DGM), 107
• downloading processor testers, 209
• dPoS (delegated Proof of Stake), 69
• Dummies (website), 3
• dust, 115

E

• Easyminer, 197
• eater address, 70
• EBang, 164
• eCash, 10
• ECOS (website), 117
• efficiency
  • about, 157, 211–212
  • of cooling, 299–300
  • of mining rigs, 210–213
  • profitability through, 230–234
• E-Gold, 10
• EH/s (exahashes per second), 132
• Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), 313
• electrical infrastructure, installations vs., 171–172
• electricity
  • cost averaging, 262
  • cost of, 213–216
  • estimating monthly energy usage/cost, 216
  • finding cheap, 298–299
  • reducing bills for, 232–234
• Electronic Frontier Foundation (website), 256
• encrypted blockchains, 19
• encryption, public key, 20–25, 47
• energy consumption, 312–315
• energy exploration, incentivization of, 85–87
• Equihash, 58, 133–134, 159, 206, 208
• Equihash 192/7, 137
• equipment
  • about, 153
  • buying, 250–251
  • communication requirements for, 167–168
  • container producers, 165
  • cost of, 161–162, 204–205
  • hash rate of, 206–209
  • mining location, 166–173
  • as one of Big Three criteria, 102
  • pool settings for, 113–114
  • power source for, 168–172
  • safety and, 170–171
  • selecting computational mining hardware, 153–164
  • upgrading ageing, 230
  • wallets, 166
• error avalanche, 34–35
• estimating monthly energy usage/cost, 216
• ETC (Ethereum Classic), 238
• ETH (Ethereum). See Ethereum (ETH)
• EtHash, 57, 68, 135–136, 154, 159
• Ether, as a Proof of Work (PoW) cryptocurrency, 57
• etherchain.org (website), 306
• Ethereum (ETH)
  • about, 68, 238–239, 241–243
  • block explorers, 306
  • Ethash algorithm for, 154
  • mining pools for, 104–105
  • network, 57
  • resources for, 116
• Ethereum Classic (ETC), 238
• Ethereum Original white paper, 308
• Ethereum Updated white paper, 308
• Ethereum Wiki (website), 308

• The Ethereum Wiki (website), 308

• Ethermine (website), 104
• Ethernet connection, 180–183
• Etherscan (website), 306
• ethOS operating system, 185, 197, 199
• evaluating mining resources, 245–247
• events
  • current, 235–236
  • halving, 246–247
• exa hashes, 79
• exahashes per second (EH/s), 132
• examples
  • hybrid Proof of Stake/Proof of Work, 68
  • Proof of Stake (PoS), 63
  • Proof of Work (PoW) algorithms, 56–58
• exchanges, 260
• exhaust heat, 231–232
• exit scam, 165
• expansion, of mining, 253, 268–269
• expenses, 223

F

• F2Pool (website), 104, 105
• Facebook, 92
• facilities, cost of, 213
• fans, building, 194
• fees
  • mining pool, 110
  • transaction, 44–46
• Fidelity, 91
• Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), 77, 199

• 51 percent attacks, 59, 103

• fingerprinting, 14–15
• Finney, Hal (cryptographer), 12
• fire hazards, 323
• First Virtual, 10
• Flooz, 10
• FlyPool (website), 105
• Foldingcoin, 316
• forging, 62
• forking, 27, 236–243
• forums, mining, 144
• Foundry USA Pool (website), 104
• FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), 77, 199
• FPPS (Full Pay-Per-Share), 107
• Free Software Foundation (website), 256
• Frontier Mining (website), 172
• full nodes, 42
• Full Pay-Per-Share (FPPS), 107
• fully validating nodes, 42

G

• game theory, 58
• Gemini, 92
• General Public License (GNU), 197
• genesis block, 70, 76
• Genesis Mining (website), 117
• GH/s (gigahashes per second), 132
• gift tax, 256
• gifting cryptocurrency, 256–257
• gigahashes per second (GH/s), 132
• GitHub, 142–143
• Github Ethereum Wiki (website), 308
• GMO Internet, Inc., 91
• GNU (General Public License), 197
• goals, determining, 124–126
• Goppa codes, 20
• GPUs (Graphical Processing Unit). See Graphical Processing Unit (GPU)
• GPUshack.com (website), 185
• Graphical Processing Unit (GPU)
  • about, 76–77, 101
  • building, 190–191
  • vs. CPU vs. APU vs. ASIC, 139
  • mining rigs, 183–195
  • rig producers of, 165
• graphical user interface (GUI), 113
• Gray Matter Industries rack, 176
• Gridcoin, 316
• Groestl, 138
• guaranteed profits, scams and, 109
• GUI (graphical user interface), 113
• Gyft, 252

H

• halving events, 246–247
• hard disk drive (HDD), 193–194
• hard drives, building, 193–194
• hardware
  • about, 175
  • ASIC mining rigs, 175–183
  • CPU mining, 195
  • deals on, 300–301
  • GPU mining rigs, 183–195
  • mining software, 196–200
  • price inflation and scarcity of, 322
  • setting up, 175–200
  • viability of, 162–164
• Hash Rate Index, 209
• hash rates
  • about, 78
  • alternative cryptocurrencies for low, 293–294
  • capability of, 210–211
  • cryptocurrency security and, 145–146
  • defined, 130
  • of equipment, 206–209
  • scams and proof of, 109
  • specified, 154–156
  • units for, 132
  • website, 146
• Hash Time Locked Contracts (HTLCs), 318
• Hashcash, 10
• hashes
  • about, 49
  • exa, 79
  • power of, 109, 141
  • solutions vs., 208
• hashes per second (H/s), 132, 208
• Hashgains (website), 117
• hashing, 14–15
• hashing board, 212–213
• HashNest (website), 117
• hash-rate converter, 220
• Hashrate Index, 226
• HDD (hard disk drive), 193–194
• HEX, 137
• historical estimates, 226–228
• Hive OS, 197
• hodling, 253–255
• home pages, for cyptocurrency, 141–142
• homes, for cryptocurrency mining, 166–167
• How Many Confirmations (website), 259, 307
• H/s (hashes per second), 132
• HTLCs (Hash Time Locked Contracts), 318
• hybrid Proof of Stake/Proof of Work, 65–69
• hydroelectric dams, 86
• Hydro-Québec, 172

I

• icons, 2–3, 18–19
• ideology, mining pool, 108
• immutable, 31
• improving
  • block difficulty, 245–246
  • competition, 245
  • return on investment (ROI), 291–301
• incentives, mining, 105–108
• incentivization, of energy exploration, 85–87
• infrastructure, no publicly auditable, scams and, 109
• Innosilicon, 164
• installations, electrical infrastructure vs., 171–172

• The International Energy Agency (IEA), 313

• Internet, 8
• Internet access, 167
• Internet Archive (website), 256
• Internet Protocol (IP), 113–114
• investing, cryptocurrency, 255
• IOCoin, 237
• IP (Internet Protocol), 113–114
• IP Reporter, 181
• IQMining (website), 117
• Iran, cryptocurrency in, 90
• issuing coins, 148–149
• iterative process, 151

J

• Jameson Lopp (website), 309
• Japan, cryptocurrency in, 91
• joule, 158
• JPMorgan Chase, 92

K

• Kent, Peter, Complete Idiot's Guide to the Internet, 319
• keyboards, building, 194–195
• Kik messenger, 92
• know your customer (KYC), 25
• Kryptex, 103, 154

L

• L3 ASICs, 176
• LAN (Local Area Network), 113, 180
• Lansky, Jan, 32
• latency, 167
• Layer 2, 25
• LBK3, 137
• LCPoA (Limited Confidence Proof of Activity), 71
• Learn Me a Bitcoin (website), 309
• ledgers, 16–17
• legal payment method, 91
• legal tender, 91
• Lehdonvirta, Vili, 12
• Liberty Reserve, 10
• Light Speed Hosting (website), 172
• Lightning in a Box (website), 41
• lightning network, 318
• lightweight node, 42
• Limited Confidence Proof of Activity (LCPoA), 71
• Lindy Effect, 128, 144
• Linux machines, 183
• listening nodes, 42
• LitcoinPool.org (website), 104
• Litecoin (LTC)
  • about, 154, 239
  • mining pools for, 104
  • as a Proof of Work (PoW) cryptocurrency, 57
  • resources for, 116
• Litecoin Wiki (website), 308
• Living Room of Satoshi, 252
• load factor, 298
• Local Area Network (LAN), 113, 180
• locations
  • data centers, 172–173
  • dedicated commercial, 172–173
  • selecting viable, 166–173
• lock icon, 18–19
• longevity, cryptocurrency and, 144–145
• LTC (Litecoin). See Litecoin (LTC)
• Lykke (website), 306
• Lyra2v2 algorithm, 134
• Lyra2z, 136

M

• maintenance cost, 212–213
• manufacturers' ratings, for Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), 206–207
• market bubbles, 319–320
• market capitalization, 28
• market dips, 273–290
• market history, learning from, 277–279
• market indicators, 257–260
• market recovery, 281–282
• market trackers, 304
• Market Value Realized Value (MVRV) ratio, 258
• market volatility, 283–285, 319–320
• markets, playing, 293
• masternode, 68
• May, Tim, Crypto Anarchist Manifesto, 254
• Mayer, Trace, 257
• Mayer Multiple, 257
• McCaleb, Jed, 12
• McCook, Hass, 313–314
• megahashes per second (MH/s), 132
• memory, building, 192–193
• memory pool (mempool), 48
• mempool.space (website), 305, 306
• merchant account, 9
• Merkle Report, 235
• messages
  • to blockchain, 21–22
  • decrypting, 24–25
  • sending transaction, 23
  • signing with private key, 22
• Messari, 218, 235, 304
• Metcalfe, Robert, 147
• Metcalfe's Law, 147
• methane, 87
• MH/s (megahashes per second), 132
• Microsoft (website), 251
• Millcent (DEC), 10

• The Millionaire Next Door (Danko), 257

• miner death spiral, 92–96
• Minerall (website), 105
• MinerGate, 103, 208
• miners of last resort, 95–96
• MinerStat, 208

• The MineShop, 165

• MineXMR.com (website), 105
• mining
  • about, 27–28, 29, 37, 53, 71, 75, 230–231
  • choosing miners, 35–37
  • cloud, 83–84
  • computational efficiency improvements, 88–89
  • corporate state participation, 89, 91
  • CPU, 76
  • crossover, 57
  • decentralized currencies, 30–31
  • delegated Byzantine Fault Tolerance (dBFT), 69–70
  • delegated Proof of Stake (dPoS), 69
  • evolution of, 75–84
  • expanding, 253
  • future of, 85–96
  • future speculation, 91–92
  • homes for, 166–167
  • hybrid Proof of Stake/Proof of Work algorithms, 65–69
  • incentives, 105–108
  • incentivization of energy exploration, 85–87
  • miner death spiral, 92–96
  • nation state participation, 89–91
  • pool, 80–83, 84
  • profitability comparison websites, 127–131
  • Proof of Burn (PoB), 70–71
  • Proof of Stake (PoS) algorithms, 60–65, 126–127
  • Proof of Work (PoW) algorithms, 53–59, 76–79
  • protocol for, 32–34
  • rewards, 105–108
  • role of miners, 31–32
  • scrypt, 57
  • solo, 79–80, 200, 219–221
  • starts of chains, 294–297
  • stopping, 286–290
  • upgrading, 253
  • validators and, 61
• Mining Colocation (website), 172
• mining duration, 105
• Mining Express (website), 105
• mining farms, 83
• mining forums, 144
• mining node, 80–81
• mining pools
  • about, 80–81, 209
  • calculating for, 221–223
  • choosing, 102–112
  • duration of, 100–101
  • fees, 110
  • how it works, 100–101
  • ideology, 108
  • information about, 217
  • percentage of total network, 110–112
  • pros and cons of, 82–83
  • reputation, 108–110
  • researching, 115–116
  • software for, 196–200
• mining rigs
  • building, 185–195
  • building frames, 185–187
  • defined, 30
  • efficiency of, 210–213
  • getting online, 183–184
• mining round, 100–101, 105
• mining software, 196–200
• Mining Store, 165
• Miningchamp, 209
• mining-profit calculators, 140
• mining-service company, 172–173
• MiningSky, 165, 172
• MiningSky V1 GPU Mining Rig, 194–195
• MiningStore, 165, 173
• minting, 62
• Mochizuki, Shinichi, 12
• Monero (XMR)
  • about, 25, 154, 195, 199, 219–220
  • mining pools for, 105
  • as a Proof of Work (PoW) cryptocurrency, 57
  • website, 308
• Monero Benchmarks, 208
• Moon (website), 251
• Moore, Gordon, 88
• Moore's Law, 88
• Mother of Dragons, 198
• motherboards, building, 187–189
• mouse, building, 194–195
• moving average, 257
• MTP, 138
• multilevel marketing schemes (MLMs), scams and, 109
• MultiMiner, 198
• Musk, Elon, 12
• MVRV (Market Value Realized Value) ratio, 258
• myNode One (website), 41

N

• Nakamoto, Satoshi, 10–12, 263, 308, 318
  • “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System,” 10–11
• NanoPool (website), 105
• nation state participation, 89–91
• National Electric Code (NEC), 169
• neighbor complaints, 323–324
• NEO, 70
• NeoScrypt, 134–135
• NetBSD, 236
• network connection, 180–183
• network hash rate, 149, 162, 217
• Network Utility app, 183
• network value to transactions ratio (NVTr), 258
• networks, 40–43
• Newegg, 186, 251
• NiceHash, 102, 103, 127, 154, 197
• Nividia, 91
• node client implementations, 149
• node count, 149
• Nodl (website), 41
• nonce, 50
• nonlistening nodes, 42
• nonmineable, 27
• North Korea, cryptocurrency in, 90

• “Nothing at Stake,” 65

• NVT Ratio, 258
• NVT signal, 258
• NVTr (network value to transactions ratio), 258
• NXT, 63

O

• oil and gas exploration, 87
• oil-field flaring, 87
• online profitability calculators, 225–226
• OpenNode (website), 41
• operating systems, building, 194–195
• orphaned blocks, 65
• outputs, in transactions, 44–46
• overall network hash rate, 101
• overclocking, 210
• overextending, 266
• Overstock (website), 251
• OXT (website), 306
• OXT Landscapes (website), 306

P

• Paid by Coins, 252

• The PandaMiner B Pro series, 165

• panic, market volatility and, 279–280
• patched, 144
• paying, with cryptocurrency, 250–252
• PayMon, 90
• payout threshold, 115
• payouts
  • addresses for, 114
  • as one of Big Three criteria, 102
• Pay-Per-Last N Shares (PPLNS), 107
• Pay-Per-Share (PPS), 107
• PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) power cables, 178
• PDUs (power delivery units), 169–170, 179–180
• Peercoin, 60, 62, 68
• peer-to-peer networks, 40, 90
• Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) power cables, 178
• Perkins, Anthony, 320
• Perkins, Michael, 320
• perpetrators, anonymous, scams and, 109
• petahashes per second (PH/s), 132
• Petro, 90, 154
• PHI2, 137
• PHI1612, 137
• PH/s (petahashes per second), 132
• physical node distribution, 150
• Piixpay, 252
• ping command, 183
• Ping screen, 183
• PIVX (Private Instant Verified Transaction), 27, 68
• planning, for market dips, 274
• playing markets, 293
• PoA (Proof of Activity), 71
• PoB (Proof of Burn), 70–71
• PoC (Proof of Capacity), 71
• PoET (Proof of Elapsed Time), 71
• pool accounts
  • about, 99–100
  • choosing mining pools, 102–112
  • cloud mining, 116–118
  • Cudo Miner, 118–122
  • equipment settings, 113–114
  • pool mining, 100–101
  • researching mining pools, 115–116
  • setting up, 113–115
• Poolin (website), 104
• PoS (Proof of Stake). See Proof of Stake (PoS) algorithms
• PoW (Proof of Work). See Proof of Work (PoW) algorithms
• power consumption
  • measuring, 214–215
  • specified, 156–161
• power delivery units (PDUs), 169–170, 179–180
• power source, for equipment, 168–172
• power supplies (PSUs), 170–171, 177–179, 193
• PPLNS (Pay-Per-Last N Shares), 107
• PPS (Pay-Per-Share), 107
• premined distributions, 58
• pre-mining, 27–28, 295
• presets, Bitcoin, 51
• price discovery, 280
• prime number, 316
• Primecoin, 316
• Private Instant Verified Transaction (PIVX), 27, 68
• private keys
  • ownership of, 24
  • relationship with address control, 26
  • relationship with public keys, 26
  • signing messages with, 22
• processing, wasted, 315–317
• processors, 207–209
• profitability
  • determining factors of, 204–218
  • estimation tools, 304
  • online calculators for, 225–226
  • through efficiency, 230–234
• profitability calculator (website), 209
• ProgPoW, 137
• Proof of Activity (PoA), 71
• Proof of Burn (PoB), 70–71
• Proof of Capacity (PoC), 71
• Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET), 71
• Proof of Stake (PoS) algorithms
  • about, 60–62
  • for choosing miners, 35–36
  • downsides, 64–65
  • examples, 63
  • mining cryptocurrencies, 126–127
  • selections, 62–63
  • upsides, 64
• Proof of Work (PoW) algorithms
  • about, 53–55
  • applications, 55–56
  • for choosing miners, 35
  • downsides, 59
  • examples, 56–58
  • mining evolution, 76–79
  • upsides, 58
• Proof of Work task, 49
• propagates, 48
• property rights registries, 13
• pseudonymous cryptocurrencies, 25
• PSUs (power supplies), 170–171, 177–179
• public key encryption
  • about, 20–21, 47
  • blockchain address, 22–23
  • decrypting messages, 24–25
  • messages to blockchain, 22
  • private key ownership, 24
  • pseudonymous cryptocurrencies, 25
  • sending transaction messages, 23
  • signing messages with private key, 22
• public keys, 26
• purchases, dollar cost averaging for, 261–262
• Purse (website), 251
• pyramid schemes, scams and, 109

Q

• QQ Coins, 10

R

• rack mountable ASICs, 176
• racks, 176–177
• Random Access Memory (RAM), building, 192–193
• Raspberry Pi, 198
• RaspiBlitz (website), 41
• r/bitcoin (website), 305
• r/bitcoincash (website), 305
• r/dashpay (website), 305
• r/dogecoin (website), 305
• realized market capitalization, 258
• Realtime Bitcoin Globe (website), 306
• Recent Shared Maximum Pay-Per-Share (RSMPPS), 107
• Reddit, 304–305
• reducing electricity bills, 232–234
• Remember icon, 2
• replay attack, 239
• replay protection, 239
• reputation, mining pool, 108–110
• researching
  • cryptocurrencies, 127–144
  • importance of, 291–292
  • mining pools, 115–116
• resources
  • for Bitcoin, 116
  • for Ethereum, 116
  • evaluating, 245–247
  • for Litecoin, 116
  • types of, 303–309
• r/ethereum (website), 305
• return on investment (ROI)
  • about, 124–126
  • calculating, 218–228
  • improving, 291–301
• rewards
  • hybrid Proof of Stake/Proof of Work, 68
  • mining, 105–108
• ring signatures, 57
• rip-offs, 321–322
• Ripple (XRP), 28
• rise card/cables, building, 192
• r/litecoin (website), 305
• ROI (return on investment). See return on investment (ROI)
• Rosewill GPU mining case/frame, 186
• Rothschild, Baron, 292–293
• RSMPPS (Recent Shared Maximum Pay-Per-Share), 107
• Rumsfeld, Donald, 224
• runway, 276
• r/zec (website), 305

S

• safety, equipment, 170–171
• Samourai Dojo (website), 41
• Samsung, 91
• satellite access, 168
• satellite blockchain, 168
• Satochi.co Bitcoin Volatility Index, 284
• Satoshi, 44
• Satoshi Nakamoto Institute, 308
• scalability, 64, 317–319
• scaling up, 265–269, 297
• scams, 321–322
• Score Based System (SCORE), 107
• scoring hash rate method, 222–223
• screens, building, 194–195
• script, 47
• Scrypt algorithm, 133, 159
• scrypt mining, 57
• security, of cryptocurrency, 145–146
• selections, Proof of Stake (PoS), 62–63
• selling considerations, 257–260
• sending transaction messages, 23
• servers, choosing, 113
• setup
  • hardware, 175–200
  • pool accounts, 113–115
• SHA-256 algorithm, 36, 56, 133, 154–156, 164, 204, 206, 208, 210, 211, 214, 242
• Shamining (website), 117
• share, 106
• Shared Maximum Pay-Per-Share (SMPPS), 107
• Shark Mining, 194–195
• Shostak, Leslie Lamport, 34
• signing messages with private key, 22
• Simple Payment Verification (SPV) nodes, 42
• Slush Pool, 102, 104, 105, 222
• SMPPS (Shared Maximum Pay-Per-Share), 107
• social consensus, 149–150
• software
  • Bitcoin, 321
  • core, 199
  • mining, 196–200
  • for pool mining, 196–200
• software code contributors, 150
• software forks, 236–237
• SolarCoin (website), 306
• solo mining, 79–80, 200, 219–221
• solutions per second, 208
• specified hash rate, 154–156
• specified power consumption, 156–161
• SPV (Simple Payment Verification) nodes, 42
• Square, 91
• Stack Exchange, 235
• staking currency, 58
• standard deviation, 283
• Start 9 Labs Embassy (website), 41
• statistics, resources for, 307
• Statoshi.info (website), 306
• Stellar, 28
• submitting transactions, 44–51
• super nodes, 42
• supply chain tracking, 13
• switching, between cryptocurrencies, 285
• Szabo, Nick, 12, 263

T

• Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing, 91
• taxes, 253, 263–265
• Teach Bitcoin (website), 309
• Technical Stuff icon, 3
• Terahash, 78–79
• terahashes per second (TH/s), 132
• TeslaWatt (website), 173
• thermal grease, 190
• thresholds, for payouts, 115
• throughput, 317–319
• TH/s (terahashes per second), 132
• time preference, 163
• timespan, for sustaining market dips, 275–276
• Timetravel10, 137
• timing, of entry, 292–293
• Tip icon, 2
• TokenTax (website), 265
• Tor Project (website), 256
• total network hash rate, 217
• TradeBlock (website), 306
• traditional Internet access, 167
• transaction fees
  • about, 44–46
  • as an incentive for bitcoin miner, 32
• transaction messages, sending, 23
• transaction speed, 317–319
• transactions
  • about, 39
  • cryptocurrency network, 40–43
  • submitting, 44–51
  • submitting transactions, 44–51
  • verifying, 47–48
• Tribus, 137
• trustless, 31
• Turkey, 91–92

• 21 Lectures (website), 309
• 2CryptoCalc, 127

U

• UbqHash, 138
• Umbrel (website), 41
• United Way (website), 256
• University of Cambridge, Judge Business School, 313
• unknowns, 224–225
• upgrading
  • ageing equipment, 230
  • mining, 253
• Upstream Data (website), 173, 214
• utility rate structures, 232–233

V

• validators, 61, 69
• Venezuela, 90, 91–92
• verifying transactions, 47–48
• vertcoin (VTC), 259
• VerusHash, 138
• viability, of hardware, 162–164
• ViaBTC (website), 104
• Vietnam, Bitcoin in, 89
• Virgin Galactic (website), 251
• volatility, market, 283–285, 319–320
• VTC (vertcoin), 259

W

• wallet program, 26
• wallets
  • about, 16–17, 25–26, 166
  • custodial, 241
• Warning icon, 3
• wasted processing, 315–317

• The Water Project (website), 256

• websites
  • American Red Cross, 256
  • Angry IP Scanner, 114, 181
  • Antminer Bitmain S9, 176
  • AntPool, 104
  • AT&T, 251
  • BetterHash, 103
  • BFGMiner, 200
  • Binance Pool, 104
  • Bitcoin Blockchain Matrix, 306
  • Bitcoin Cash Metrics, 307
  • Bitcoin Core, 41
  • Bitcoin EDU, 309
  • Bitcoin for Everybody, 309
  • Bitcoin full node network, 43
  • Bitcoin global legal status, 90
  • Bitcoin is Hope, 309
  • Bitcoin Lessons, 309
  • Bitcoin Magazine, 235
  • Bitcoin Mining, 165
  • Bitcoin Mining Container, 165
  • Bitcoin network client versions for nodes, 149
  • Bitcoin network graphs, 306
  • Bitcoin network growth, 78
  • Bitcoin network node geographical distribution, 150
  • Bitcoin network's coin issuance schedule, 149
  • Bitcoin repository, 238
  • Bitcoin resources, 116
  • Bitcoin subreddit, 235
  • Bitcoin Support, 309
  • Bitcoin Talk, 108, 234
  • Bitcoin Transaction Visualization, 306
  • Bitcoin Visuals, 259, 307
  • Bitcoin Volatility Index, 284
  • Bitcoin white paper, 10–11, 308
  • Bitcoin Wiki, 307
  • Bitcoin Wiki Benchmarks, 208, 209
  • BitcoinBeginners subreddit, 235
  • Bitcoinity, 259, 307
  • Bitcoin's core repository, 150
  • BitcoinTaxes, 265
  • The Bitcoin Big Bang, 306
  • The Bitcoin Machine, 41
  • The Bitcoin Standard, 309
  • bitcointicker, 306
  • BitcoinWiki, 307
  • BitFury, 164
  • BitGive, 256
  • BitInfoCharts, 146, 217, 218, 241, 246, 259, 307
  • Bitmain, 164
  • Bitnodes, 306
  • Bitrefill, 252
  • block difficulty, 93
  • Block Digest, 235
  • blockchain explorers, 305–306
  • Blockchain.com, 305
  • Blockchair, 305
  • Blockcypher, 305
  • BlockStream, 172
  • Blockstream Explorer, 305
  • Braiins Insights, 226
  • Braiins Mining Insights, 209
  • Braiins OS, 197–198
  • Braiins.com, 304
  • Brevand, Marc, 313
  • BTC Sessions, 309
  • BTC.com, 104
  • BTCMiner, 200
  • BTCPay Server, 41
  • Canaan, 164
  • CaseBitcoin, 309
  • CGMiner, 200
  • Cheat Sheet, 3
  • Citadel 256, 172
  • Coin Center, 313
  • Coin Dance, 259, 307
  • Coin Metrics, 259, 307
  • COIN360, 306
  • CoinCap, 218, 304
  • CoinDesk, 235, 259, 307
  • CoinGate, 251
  • CoinGecko, 218
  • CoinJournal, 235
  • Coinlib, 218
  • CoinLore, 304
  • Coinmap, 251
  • CoinMarketCap, 218, 244, 296, 304
  • CoinShares, 313
  • The Coinmine, 165
  • CoinWarz, 127, 141, 225, 304
  • Compass Mining, 117, 172
  • Compute North, 172
  • conversion rates, 218
  • Core Cryptocurrency Software, 200
  • Core Scientific, 172
  • Crypto Clear: Blockchain & Cryptocurrency Made Simple video course, 3, 166, 309
  • Crypto Tax Girl, 265
  • Crypto51, 259
  • Crypto51 PoW 51% Attack Cost, 307
  • Crypto-CoinZ, 127
  • CryptoCompare, 208, 218, 304
  • cryptocurrency active address numbers, 150
  • CryptoFolio, 265
  • CryptoID, 305
  • CryptoTrader.Tax, 265
  • Cudo Miner, 103
  • Curecoin, 316
  • Cypherpunk Mailing List, 308
  • Cypherpunk Manifesto, 309
  • data, 307
  • data visualizations, 306
  • de Vries, Alex, 313
  • Digital Shovel, 165
  • DISH, 251
  • dollar cost averaging (DCA), 260
  • Dollar Cost Averaging Into Bitcoin, 262
  • Dummies (website), 3
  • Easyminer, 197
  • EBang, 164
  • ECOS, 117
  • Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), 313
  • Electronic Frontier Foundation, 256
  • etherchain.org, 306
  • Ethereum Original white paper, 308
  • Ethereum resources, 116
  • Ethereum Updated white paper, 308
  • Ethereum Wiki, 308
  • The Ethereum Wiki, 308
  • Ethermine, 104
  • Etherscan, 306
  • ethOS, 197
  • F2Pool, 104, 105
  • FlyPool, 105
  • Foldingcoin, 316
  • Foundry USA Pool, 104
  • Free Software Foundation, 256
  • Frontier Mining, 172
  • Genesis Mining, 117
  • Github Ethereum Wiki, 308
  • GPUshack.com, 185
  • Gray Matter Industries rack, 176
  • Gridcoin, 316
  • Gyft, 252
  • Hash Rate Index, 209
  • hash rates, 146
  • Hashgains, 117
  • HashNest, 117
  • hash-rate converter, 220
  • Hashrate Index, 226
  • Hive OS, 197
  • How Many Confirmations, 259, 307
  • Innosilicon, 164
  • The International Energy Agency (IEA), 313
  • Internet Archive, 256
  • IQMining, 117
  • Jameson Lopp, 309
  • Kryptex, 103
  • L3 ASICs, 176
  • Learn Me a Bitcoin, 309
  • Light Speed Hosting, 172
  • Lightning in a Box, 41
  • list of coins by algorithm, 285
  • LitcoinPool.org, 104
  • Litecoin resources, 116
  • Litecoin Wiki, 308
  • Living Room of Satoshi, 252
  • Lykke, 306
  • market trackers, 304
  • Market Value Realized Value (MVRV) ratio, 258
  • Mayer Multiple, 257
  • McCook, Hass, 313
  • mempool transactions, 48
  • mempool.space, 305, 306
  • Merkle Report, 235
  • Messari, 218, 235, 304
  • Microsoft, 251
  • Minerall, 105
  • MinerGate, 103, 208
  • MinerStat, 208
  • The MineShop, 165
  • MineXMR.com, 105
  • mining calculators, 140
  • Mining Colocation, 172
  • Mining Express, 105
  • mining forums, 144
  • mining profitability comparison, 127–131
  • Mining Store, 165
  • Miningchamp, 209
  • MiningSky, 165, 172
  • MiningStore, 165, 173
  • Monero, 308
  • Monero Benchmarks, 208
  • Moon, 251
  • Mother of Dragons, 198
  • MultiMiner, 198
  • myNode One, 41
  • NanoPool, 105
  • Newegg, 251
  • NiceHash, 102, 103, 127, 197
  • Nodl, 41
  • NVT Ratio, 258
  • NVT signal, 258
  • oil-field flaring, 87
  • OpenNode, 41
  • Overstock, 251
  • OXT, 306
  • OXT Landscapes, 306
  • Paid by Coins, 252
  • The PandaMiner B Pro series, 165
  • Piixpay, 252
  • Poolin, 104
  • pool-payment methods, 108
  • prebuilt mining rigs, 191
  • price discovery, 280
  • Primecoin, 316
  • processor benchmarking, 207–209
  • profitability calculator, 209
  • profitability estimation tools, 304
  • Purse, 251
  • Raspberry Pi, 198
  • RaspiBlitz, 41
  • r/bitcoin, 305
  • r/bitcoincash, 305
  • r/dashpay, 305
  • r/dogecoin, 305
  • realized market capitalization, 258
  • Realtime Bitcoin Globe, 306
  • Reddit pages, 304–305
  • r/ethereum, 305
  • r/litecoin, 305
  • Rosewill GPU mining case/frame, 186
  • r/zec, 305
  • Samourai Dojo, 41
  • Satochi.co Bitcoin Volatility Index, 284
  • Satoshi Nakamoto Institute, 308
  • scoring hash rate method, 222–223
  • Shamining, 117
  • Slush Pool, 102, 104, 105
  • SolarCoin, 306
  • Stack Exchange, 235
  • Start 9 Labs Embassy (website), 41
  • statistics, 307
  • Statoshi.info, 306
  • Teach Bitcoin, 309
  • TeslaWatt, 173
  • TokenTax, 265
  • Tor Project, 256
  • TradeBlock, 306
  • 21 Lectures, 309
  • 2CryptoCalc, 127
  • Umbrel, 41
  • United Way, 256
  • University of Cambridge, Judge Business School, 313
  • Upstream Data, 173, 214
  • ViaBTC, 104
  • Virgin Galactic, 251
  • The Water Project, 256
  • Whatsminer, 164
  • WhatToMine, 127, 208, 209, 226, 304
  • white papers, 308
  • WikiCryptoCoins, 307
  • WikiLeaks, 256
  • Wikipedia, 256
  • wikis, 307–308
  • Woobull Bitcoin Volatility, 284
  • Woobull Bitcoin Volatility Comparisons, 284
  • Woodbull Charts, 259
  • WorldCoinIndex, 304
  • ZCash, 57, 308
  • ZenLedger, 265
• Wells Fargo, 92
• Whatsminer, 164
• WhatToMine, 127, 208, 209, 226, 304
• White, Craig, 12
• white papers, 308
• WikiCryptoCoins (website), 307
• WikiLeaks (website), 256
• Wikipedia
  • page for cryptocurrencies, 143
  • website, 256
• wikis, 307–308
• winning Bitcoin, 50–51
• witnesses, 69
• Woobull Bitcoin Volatility, 284
• Woobull Bitcoin Volatility Comparisons, 284
• Woodbull Charts (website), 259
• World Wire, 91
• WorldCoinIndex (website), 304

X

• X11 algorithm, 134, 154, 159
• X16R, 136
• X16S, 136
• XCP (Counterparty), 71
• Xevan, 137
• XMR (Monero). See Monero (XMR)
• XRP (Ripple), 28

Y

• YesCrypt, 138
• YescryptR16, 138

Z

• ZCash (ZEC)
  • about, 19, 25, 244, 295
  • mining pools for, 105
  • as a Proof of Work (PoW) cryptocurrency, 57–58
  • website, 308
• ZenLedger (website), 265

• “zero-free” pools, 110

• Zhash, 137
• Zimbabwe, 91–92
• zk-SNARKs, 57