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by Julie Steele, Noah Iliinsky
Designing Data Visualizations
A Note Regarding Supplemental Files
Preface
How This Book Is Organized
What We Mean When We Say…
Figures Used by Permission
See the Color Figures Online
Attributions and Permissions
Safari® Books Online
How to Contact Us
Acknowledgments
I. What Will You Design?
1. Classifications of Visualizations
Complexity
Infographics versus Data Visualization
Infographics
Data Visualization
Exploration versus Explanation
Exploration
Explanation
Hybrids: Exploratory Explanation
Informative versus Persuasive versus Visual Art
The Designer-Reader-Data Trinity
Informative
Persuasive
Visual Art
2. Source Trinity: Ingredients of Successful Visualizations
Designer
Why Are You Here?
Reader
You Are Creating This for Other People
They Are Not You
Contextual Considerations for the Reader
Context of Use
Data
II. How Should You Design It?
3. Determine Your Goals and Supporting Data
Knowledge Before Structure
Avoiding TMI
4. Choose Appropriate Visual Encodings
Choosing Appropriate Visual Encodings
Natural Ordering
Color is not ordered
Distinct Values
Redundant Encoding
Defaults versus Innovative Formats
Readers’ Context
Titles, tags, and labels
Colors
Color blindness
Directional orientation
Compatibility with Reality
Direction and reality
Patterns and Consistency
Selecting Structure
Comparisons Need to Compare
Some Structures Are Just Inherently Bad
Some Good Structures Are Often Abused
Keep It Simple (or You Might Look) Stupid
5. First, Place
Position: Layout and Axes
Position Is Your Most Powerful Encoding
Consider placement first
The Meaning of Placement and Proximity
Semantic Distance and Relative Proximity
Absolute Placement
Representation of Physical Space
Logical Relationships versus Physical Relationships
Patterns and Grouped Objects
Patterns of Organization (and More!)
Specific Graphs, Layouts, and Axis Styles
Quantitative and comparative formats
Relational formats
Spatial formats
Appropriate Use of Circles and Circular Layouts
Good uses of circles and circular layouts
Bad uses of circles and circular layouts
6. Apply Your Encodings Well
Color
Leverage Common Color Associations
Cognitive Interference and the Stroop Test
Color Theory
Spatial perception of color
RGB versus CMYK
Size
Conveying Size
Comparing Sizes
Text and Typography
Use Text Sparingly
Fonts and Hierarchies
Beware of All Caps
Avoid Drop Shadows
Shape
Cultural Connotations
Icons
Illusions
Lines
When Not to Use Lines
Keys versus Direct Labeling of Data Points
Pitfalls to Avoid
3D
Pies
Gradients
Drop Shadows
Any Excel Defaults
Conclusion
A. Additional Resources
Tools
Reading List
B. Checklist
Determine Your Goals and Supporting Data
Consider Your Reader
Select Axes, Layout, and Placement
Evaluate Your Encoding Entities
Reveal the Data’s Relationships
Choose Titles, Tags, and Labels
Analyze Patterns and Consistency
About the Authors
Copyright
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