Index
A Governor's Guide to Cluster Based Economic Development (report) 271
absorptive capacity: in developing countries 167–75; empirical application of study 170–3; hypotheses of study 170; and IDs 146, 149, 156–7, 159, 161; literature review 168–70; and open innovation 73; study results 173–5; and technological innovation 13, 167–75
adoption of knowledge resources 215–16
advisory services 198
agency theory 122
AIC (Akaike information criterion) 161
allocation of entrepreneurial talent 21–3
Andersson, A. E. 132
Andersson, D. E. 132
ANOVA (analysis of variance) 68, 69, 76, 86–7
Antonietti, R. 200
Aquilina, M. 25
Armington, C. 246
Arndt, S. 124
Arzaghi, M. 206
Asakawa, K. 92
Aw, B. Y. 169
Baldwin, C. 124
Baumol, W. 19, 20–2, 25, 31, 33, 244, 247–8
Bayh-Dole Act (1980) 251
Bengtsson, L. 226
Benneworth, P. 228
Besser, T. L. 103
BIC (Bayesian information criterion) 161
Bilbao-Ubillos, J. 132
biotechnology industries 179–91
Birch, D. L. 30
Blackburn, R. A. 319
BMC (Biomedical Centre) 227
Boekma, F. 100
Bonardo, D. 179
‘border triangle cooperation’ 274–5
Borras, S. 218
Boshma, R. 156
Bound, J. 290
‘brain circulation’ 181
Bramley, G. 308
Bureau Van Dijk (database) 75, 187, 201
Business Link 101, 315, 316, 317–18
business networks: activity of 98–101, 107–8, 113–14; case study 104–15; effectiveness of 103–4, 112–13, 114; and informal interactions 13, 97; and primary/secondary influences 98–101, 113–14; and social capital 102–3; value of 101–3, 108–11, 114
business services sector (Sweden) 60–1, 62
Cainelli, G. 200
Calatrava, A. 200
Cambridge Network 102
capital circulation model 122–3
Carree, M. A. 52
Carter, A. P. 156
Castagnino, T. 169
CEE (Central and Eastern Europe) 126–9, 131, 133, 136
Chesbrough, H. 69
C-KIBS (creative KIBS) 198–9, 203, 207, 209, 210
Clark, K. 124
classification of entrepreneurship 19, 33
cluster-based development strategies: case studies 266–83; comparisons of 260–1, 281–3; effectiveness of 260–1, 265–6, 283; and employment statistics 274–9; increasingly popularity of 260, 261; policy initiatives 272–3, 279–81; theoretical foundations 262–4; types of 262–3, 264–5
Coase, R. H. 122
‘cognitive systems’ 146
collaboration management practices 74, 86, 88, 90, 92–3
communication industry (Sweden) 60–1
construction industry (Sweden) 57–9
contact-intensive goods/services 1
Cox proportional hazard regressions 187–9
Dae Jung Kim Administration (South Korea) 288
Desai, S. 21
destructive entrepreneurship 19–20, 21–2, 26–7
diffusion of innovations 170, 172, 174
distance-sensitive transaction costs 1
Doh, S. 7
Douglas, P. H. 23
DPs (district provinces) 149–52
Dunning, J. H. 123, 129, 136, 138
EA (Entrepreneurship Accelerator) 253
‘Ease of Doing Business Index’ 27
economic benefits of innovation/entrepreneurship 243–6
ecosystems (innovation/entrepreneurship): defining 239–43; local development of 249–52; nuances of 252–5; profiting from 255–6; supporting 247–9
EDA (Economic Development Administration) 267, 270–1
Edebalk, P. 118
educational stakeholders 251–2
EEDA (East of England Development Agency) 106
EMDA (East Midlands Development Agency) 106
employees' innovation capability 68, 71, 73, 76, 86, 88, 92
employment statistics (European automotive industry) 129–30
endogenous growth theory 5, 168, 230, 232, 242, 282–3
enhancement of production 215–16
Enterprise Areas 310
enterprise support: effects of 14–15, 309, 320; increase in 308–9; literature review 309–12; study 312–20
entrepreneurial opportunities, overview of 1–11
Entrepreneurship Theory 289
‘Entrepreneurship: Productive, Unproductive and Destructive’ (article) 20
Estrada, S. 169
evolutionary heritage literature 217–19
exports see import/exports
face-to-face interaction 4, 11, 100, 108, 125, 195
FDI (foreign direct investment) 13, 118, 123, 130–2, 136, 138–9
Feenstra, R. C. 124
Feldman, M. P. 246
FII (Food Innovation at Interfaces) 224–5
financial crisis 126, 128–9, 131, 274, 283
financial sector (Sweden) 60–1, 62
firm size: and M&A 184–5, 188; and open innovation 72–3, 86–90, 91–2; and SME performance 296, 298, 301
formal networks see business networks
friction costs 3
Furr, N. 252
‘gap-filling’ capacities 25
Gassmann, O. 70
GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 120
GEDI (Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index) 12, 19, 20, 27–33; country rankings 46–7; data construction 34–45
GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor) 20, 27–9, 31
‘Global Competitiveness Index’ 27, 37
global value chains 123–5, 132–8, 139–40
globalization 118–20, 125–6, 194, 200, 263
Gordon, I. R. 262
GRDP (gross regional domestic product) 292
Greene, F. J. 310
Griliches, Z. 6
‘Grow Wisconsin’ (economic development initiative) 272
growth aspects 215–16, 223–4, 232
Guellec, D. 156
Hackler, D. 254
Hatzichronoglou, T. 120
Heckman procedure 187
Herrera, L. 248
Holmes, T. 199
Hrastinski, S. 72
Hudson, R. 130
human capital 2–3, 4, 7–11, 243, 248
Iacobucci, D. 200
Iammarino, S. 156
Ideon Science Park (Sweden) 223, 226, 228, 231
IDs (industrial districts): competitive advantage 147; data 149–52; econometric model 150, 153–4; empirical analysis 149–57; and innovative capability 144–6; and knowledge heterogeneity 144–6; and R&D 154; results of study 157–61; theoretical framework 147–9
IIT (Intra-industry trade) 132, 136
‘Index of Economic Freedom’ 27
industrial organization theories 122–3
informal interactions 13
infrastructure (as driver of globalization) 119
inimitably of firms' capability 73, 76, 86, 92
innovation capability 150, 153–4
‘innovation economics’ theory 239
innovation systems literature 215–20
innovation-supporting organizations 221, 230
innovative capability: empirical analysis 154, 156–7; and IDs 144–6; and knowledge heterogeneity 144–6; results of study 161; theoretical framework 147–9
‘innovative efficiency’ 230
‘input-competing’ capacities 25
institutional changes 7
institutional characteristics 31–3
institutional innovation 221–9
institutions, definition of 23
intellectual property rights 5–6
IPOs (initial public offerings) 178–9, 180, 182–9
Isis Innovation 105
ISTAT (Italian Office of National Statistics) 150, 202–3
Jacobs, J. 162
job creation 14, 241, 244–6, 249–50
Johannisson, B. 100
Johnson, P. S. 52
Johnson, S. 52
Jörgens, U. 126
Kaplan Meyer Survival Functions 189
Karlsson, C. 3, 5, 248, 262, 264
Keupp, M. M. 70
KIBS (Knowledge Intensive Business Services): defining 198–9; empirical analysis 205–8; literature review 199–201; location of study 196–7; and spatial agglomeration 13–14, 194, 198, 199–201, 204, 208, 211; study data/variables 201–4; study results 208–10; and vertical disintegration 194–5, 199–204, 208, 210–11
Klepper, S. 154
Klump, R. 25
K-means cluster analysis 68, 69, 76–83, 86–90
KMO tests 76
knowledge heterogeneity: data 149–52; econometric model 150, 153–4; empirical analysis 149–57; and IDs 144–6; and innovative capability 144–6; results of study 157–61; theoretical framework 147–9 knowledge spillovers 4–6, 10, 147–8, 157, 195, 200, 240, 243
Kogut, B. 123
Krzywdzinski, M. 126
Landström, H. 241
LEGI (Local Enterprise Growth Initiative) 310–11, 316–17, 319
Leonard-Barton, D. 73
LEPs (Local Enterprise Partnerships) 309, 320
Li, B. 199
Liebenstein, H. 25
Lind, J. I. 226
LLSs (local labor systems) 150
Love, J. H. 200
Lowe Foundation 255
LR (likelihood-ratio) tests 158, 161
LU (Lund University) 225–7, 229, 230–1
Lu, Y. 199
Lund Food Science Centre (Sweden) 225
Lundwall, B. 218
M&A (mergers and acquisitions): and IPOs 178–9, 180, 182–9; literature review 180–2; research design 182–7; research methodology 187–9; results of study 189–90; and university/research institute affiliation 178–9, 180–2, 183–4, 186–7, 189–90
MacDonald, F. 319
McMillan, I. C. 100
Mangematin, V. 156
manufacturing industry (Sweden) 56–7, 58
Manzini, R. 91
Márquez-Ramos, L. 167, 169, 170, 172
Marshall, A. 7
Martínez-Zarzoso, I. 167, 169, 170, 172
Marx, K. 122
Medoff, J. 30
Miles, I. 198
Miller, N. 103
MLE (maximum likelihood estimation) 161
MNEs (multinational enterprises) 120, 123, 126–7, 130–4
Mole, K. F. 308
Moodysson, J. 226
Mueller, P. 52
multi-level regression models 9
Murphy, K. M. 22
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) 127
Nesta, L. 156
‘new combinations’ (of economic activity) 23–4, 30
new technology-based services 198
NGOs (non-governmental organizations) 106, 111
Nobellius, D. 72
non-routine goods/services 1
Nyström, K. 5
O2C Arc (Oxford to Cambridge Arc) 105–6, 107
OBN (Oxfordshire Bioscience Network) 104–5, 111
OBP (occupationally-based professional) networks 98, 101–2, 107, 113, 115
Obstfeld, M. 118
offshoring: defining 120–1; and FDI 13, 118, 123, 130–2, 136, 138–9; and global value chains 123–5, 132–8, 139–40; and globalization 118–20; as outsourcing strategy 13, 118; and production dynamics 126–30, 136–8; theoretical frameworks 121–5
OI (open innovation): determinants of 71–4; levels of 12–13, 68–9; literature review 69–71, 90–1; research objectives/methodology 74–83; results of analysis 83–9
OLS (ordinary least squares) estimates 206–11
Ono, Y. 199
Öresund Science Region (Sweden) 228–9
outsourcing strategies: defining 120–1; and KIBs 194, 200–1, 204; offshoring see offshoring; theoretical frameworks 121–5
‘owner specific advantages’ 123
Partridge, M. D. 246
PCFA (principal components factor analysis) 76
Persson, B. 223
PFB (penalizing for bottleneck) 28
Phoenix Development Fund 310
Pietrobelli, C. 25
primary influences 98–101, 113–14
principal-agent relationships 122
PRO (public research organization) 182
product innovation lifecycle 247
production dynamics 126–30, 136–8
productive entrepreneurship 19–22, 23–7
‘questionable value’ activities 21
R&D (Research and Development): and absorptive capacity 149; and economic benefits of innovation/entrepreneurship 243–4; and export probability 169; and IDs 154; and M&A 184–8; and offshoring 127, 129, 131, 139; and open innovation 72; and SME performance 290, 294–6, 301–4
Raco, M. 319
Ram, M. 319
Rama, R. 200
Reed, R. 73
Reeves, K. A. 122
Regional Development Agencies 309, 320
rent-destroying 22
RESBIG (REsearch and Science Based Industry Group) 113
Reynolds, P. 251
RIS (regional innovation systems) 217, 219–21, 223–6, 229–31, 239–40, 248
RLF (Revolving Loan Funds) 271
Roper, S. 200
Rostow, W. W. 24
Roussel, P. 92
Rutten, R. 100
Sala-I-Martin, X. 25
Samuelson, P. 23
Sánchez-González, G. 248
Sanditov, B. 9
Scania Food Innovation Network 225
Schilling, M. A. 72
Schramm, C. J. 244
Schumpeter, J. A. 19, 21, 23–4, 30, 216, 240
SCIBLU (Swegene Centre for Integrative Biology at Lund University) 227
search costs 10
secondary influences 98–101, 114
SEEDA (South East England Regional Development Agency) 106
Seker, M. 169
service sector (Sweden) 61–2, 63
SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises): government support policies (South Korea) 14, 287–9, 291–305; and job creation 245; and M&A 179; and open innovation 68–71, 73, 74–5, 90; performance literature review 289–92; research strategy 294–6; study results 296–304
social capital 102–3, 108, 110, 250
Solow, R. M. 23
spatial agglomeration 13–14, 194, 198, 199–201, 204, 208, 211
‘specific localization factors’ 123, 129
S-shaped relationship curves 25–6
stages of economic growth 24–5
Starr, J. A. 100
startups: analysis of 54–5; branch group effects 56–64; and business models 252–4; data for 54; in deprived communities 309–12, 315–20; effects of 52–6, 64; and employment growth 14, 53–4, 55–64; and GEDI index 29–30; government support 51–2; and innovation/entrepreneurship ecosystems 240–1, 247–8, 252–5; and job creation 14, 244–6, 249–50; literature review 52–3; and local development 12, 51; and population growth 53–4, 56–64; research hypotheses 53–4
Stephens, H. M. 246
Sternberg, R. 240
Stigler, G. J. 199
Storey, D. J. 52
Stuart, T. E. 183
Stuetzer, M. 9
supply and demand 1, 7–8, 9–11, 19, 33
Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth 223
Swedish Agency for Growth Policy Analysis 54
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research 223
Swedish Research Council 223
tax avoidance/evasion 21
Taylor, A. 118
TDAF (Technological development assistance fund) 296–7, 301–5
TEA (Total Early-phase Entrepreneurial Activity) Index 27, 31
technical services 198
technological development assistance 287, 289, 292–6, 304–5
technological innovation 13, 167–75
Technological Innovation Achievement index 170
technology intensity 71, 83, 88–9, 91–2
‘theory of the firm’ 122
Thurik, A.R. 52
TIFs (Tax Incremental Funds) 281
total factor productivity 23–4, 243
trade barriers (as driver of globalization) 119–20
trade indicators 156
trade/hotels/restaurant industries (Sweden) 59–60
trading blocs (as driver of globalization) 120
traditional professional services 198
transaction costs 1, 7, 12, 122, 124, 195, 250
transportation industry (Sweden) 60–1
triple-helix relations 220–1, 225, 231, 261, 264, 274, 280, 282–3
Tripsas, M. 149
uncertainty 7
underproductive entrepreneurship 19, 26
university/research institute affiliation 178–9, 180–2, 183–4, 186–7, 189–90
unproductive entrepreneurship 19–22, 26–7
US Census Bureau Statistics of US Business 241
valuation of new knowledge 5–6
van Biesebroeck, J. 126
Venturefest (entrepreneur fair) 105
vertical disintegration 124, 194–5, 199–204, 208, 210–11
VIF (variance inflation factor) tests 158
VINNOVA (the Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems) 223, 224–5, 231
Vision 2020 (economic development initiative) 272
Vuong test 153
Wadensjö, E. 118
Wennekers, S. 52
Westhead, P. 311
Williamson, O. E. 122
Wixted, B. 135
Wood, P. A. 52
World Bank Enterprise Survey 167, 170–3
WTO (World Trade Organization) 120
Zhang, J. 179
Zheng, Y. 183