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Waste Valorisation
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List of Contributors
Series Preface
Preface
1 Overview of Waste Valorisation Concepts from a Circular Economy Perspective
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Development of (Bio)Chemical Process for Utilization of Waste as a Bioresource
1.3 Process Integration for Waste‐Based Biorefinery
1.4 Closed Loop Recirculation in a Bio‐based Economy
1.5 Conclusions and Future Trends
References
2 Waste as a Bioresource
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Waste Streams and Their Suitability as Feedstock for Valorisation: Is All Waste a Resource?
2.3 (Bio)diversity and Variability of Waste Feedstock
2.4 Drivers, Policies and Markets for Value‐added Waste‐derived Products
2.5 Conclusions and Future Trends
Acknowledgements
References
3 Treatment of Waste
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Solid Waste Management
3.3 General Approach for Waste Treatment and Conversion to Value‐added Products: Biochemical, Mechanical, and Thermochemical
3.4 Factors Influencing Selection of an Appropriate Valorisation Technique for Specific Waste Types
3.5 Conventional and Novel Techniques: Overall Comparison in Terms of Energy Consumption, Waste Stream Generation and Cost
3.6 Energy Consumption, Waste Stream Generation, and Costs of Conventional and Novel Waste Treatment Technologies
3.7 Conclusions and Future Trends
Acknowledgement
References
4 Valorisation of Agricultural Waste Residues
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Agricultural Waste Definition, Composition, Variability, and Associated Policies and Regulations
4.3 Conventional Techniques – Anaerobic Digestion, Pyrolysis, Gasification, and Solvent Treatment/Extraction
4.4 Novel Techniques and Envisioned Product Streams: A New Perspective
4.5 Case Study: Yard Waste Management
4.6 Conclusions and Future Trends
Acknowledgements
References
5 Valorisation of Woody Biomass
5.1 Generation of Woody Biomass
5.2 General Classification and Properties of Woods
5.3 Wood Chemistry
5.4 Chemical Composition Analysis
5.5 Pretreatment
5.6 Saccharification and Fermentation
5.7 New Functions of Wood Residues
5.8 Conclusions and Future Trends
Acknowledgement
References
6 Recovery of Nutrients and Transformations of Municipal/Domestic Food Waste
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Characteristics of Food Waste and its Supply Chain
6.3 Recovery of Valuable Products from Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste
6.4 Novel Approaches and Obtainable Products: Biotechnological Processes and Chemical Transformations
6.5 Case Study: Production of Methane via Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste
6.6 Conclusions and Future Trends
References
7 Bioconversion of Processing Waste from Agro‐Food Industries to Bioethanol: Creating a Sustainable and Circular Economy
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Bioconversion Technologies for Bioethanol Production
7.3 Use of Processing Waste to Produce Ethanol
7.4 Use of Processing Waste to Enhance Ethanol Yields
7.5 Conclusions and Future Trends
References
8 Challenges with Biomass Waste Valorisation
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The Pre‐Preparation Technologies of Biomass Waste
8.3 Handling of Emerging Biomass Wastes by Newly Developed Techniques
8.4 Transforming Biomass Waste to Cellulose by New Techniques
8.5 Transforming Biomass Waste to Lignin by New Technologies
8.6 Conclusions and Future Trends
Acknowledgements
References
9 Life cycle Approaches for Evaluating Textile Biovalorisation Processes: Sustainable Decision‐making in a Circular Economy
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Literature Review
9.3 Methods
9.4 Case Study
9.5 Results and Discussion
9.6 Conclusions and Future Trends
Acknowledgement
References
10 Circular Waste‐Based Biorefinery Development
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Transitioning from Current Linear to Stronger Circular Economy Models
10.3 Case Study 1: Circular Textile Waste‐based Biorefinery for Production of Chemicals, Materials, and Fuels
10.4 Case Study 2: Circular Food Waste‐based Biorefinery for Production of Chemicals, Materials, and Fuels
10.5 Conclusions and Future Trends
Acknowledgements
References
Index
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