NOTES

Foreword

1. Ajay Banga, “MasterCard CEO Ajay Banga’s Six Lessons on Leadership—as Told to the IIM-A Class of 2015,” Quartz India, April 7, 2015, https://qz.com/india/377104/ajay-bangas-six-lessons-on-leadership-as-told-to-the-iim-a-class-of-2015.

2. Carl DiOrio, “Jackson Pushes Biz on Diversity,” Hollywood Reporter, February 22, 2007, https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jackson-pushes-biz-diversity-130667.

3. Andrew Sullivan, “Anderson Cooper: ‘The Fact Is, I’m Gay,’” The Dish, July 2, 2012, http://dish.andrewsullivan.com/2012/07/02/anderson-cooper-the-fact-is-im-gay.

Preface

1. McKinsey & Company, Diversity Wins: How Inclusion Matters, May 2020, https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Featured%20Insights/Diversity%20and%20Inclusion/Diversity%20wins%20How%20inclusion%20matters/Diversity-wins-How-inclusion-matters-vF.ashx.

2. The global business certification standard for equality, https://edge-cert.org/.

3. See Deb DeHaas, Linda Akutagawa, and Skip Spriggs, “Missing Pieces Report: The 2018 Board Diversity Census of Women and Minorities on Fortune 500 Boards,” Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance, https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2019/02/05/missing-pieces-report-the-2018-board-diversity-census-of-women-and-minorities-on-fortune-500-boards; and Matt Orsagh, “The Current State of Women on Boards in 2016: A Global Roundup,” CFA Institute, https://www.cfainstitute.org/en/advocacy/market-integrity-insights/2016/10/the-current-status-of-women-on-boards-in-2016-a-global-roundup. The MSCI ESG Research global director universe is a compilation of 4,218 companies from around the world.

4. See Khristopher J. Brooks, “Why So Many Black Business Professionals Are Missing from the C-Suite,” CBS News, December 10, 2019, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/black-professionals-hold-only-3-percent-of-executive-jobs-1-percent-of-ceo-jobs-at-fortune-500-firms-new-report-says; Stefanie K. Johnson and Thomas Sy, “Why Aren’t There More Asian Americans in Leadership Positions?,” December 19, 2016, https://hbr.org/2016/12/why-arent-there-more-asian-americans-in-leadership-positions; Hispanic Association on Corporate Responsibility, “HACR Released 2016 Corporate Inclusion Index, Produces Findings for Hispanic Inclusion in Corporate America,” March 16, 2018, https://www.hacr.org/2016/12/19/hacr-releases-2016-corporate-inclusion-index; and Drew DeSilver, “Women Scarce at Top of US Business—and in the Jobs That Lead There,” Pew Research Center Fact Tank, April 30, 2018, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/04/30/women-scarce-at-top-of-u-s-business-and-in-the-jobs-that-lead-there.

Introduction. Defining the Inclusive Leader

1. Data in figure 1 is from Diversity and Inclusion in Corporate Social Engagement, CEO Force for Good, 2018, p. 4, https://cecp.co/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/cecp_di_whitepaper_FINAL.pdf (70% higher growth); Sylvia Ann Hewlett, Melinda Marshall, and Laura Sherbin, with Tara Gonsalves, Innovation, Diversity, and Market Growth, executive summary, Center for Talent Innovation, 2013, p. 6, https://www.talentinnovation.org/_private/assets/IDMG-ExecSummFINAL-CTI.pdf (75% faster time to market); Erik Larson, Infographic: Diversity + Inclusion=Better Decision Making At Work, Cloverpop, September 19, 2017, https://www.cloverpop.com/blog/infographic-diversity-inclusionbetter-decision-making-at-work (87% better decisions); Vivian Hunt, Sara Prince, Sundiatu Dixon-Fyle, and Kevin Doan, Diversity wins: How inclusion matters, May 2020, https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Featured%20Insights/Diversity%20and%20Inclusion/Diversity%20wins%20How%20inclusion%20matters/Diversity-wins-How-inclusion-matters-vF.ashx (36% better profitability); Rocío Lorenzo, Nicole Voigt, Miki Tsusaka, Matt Krentz, and Katie Abouzahr, How Diverse Leadership Teams Boost Innovation, January 23, 2018, https://www.bcg.com/publications/2018/how-diverse-leadership-teams-boost-innovation.aspx (19% better innovation); and “Korn Ferry Partners with Fortune for the 21st Year on World’s Most Admired Companies List,” Korn Ferry, January 30, 2019, https://www.kornferry.com/about-us//press/korn-ferry-partners-with-fortune-for-the-21st-year-on-worlds-most-admired-companies-list (87% impact on performance). Also see Inclusive Mobility: How Mobilizing a Diverse Workforce Can Drive Business Results, Deloitte, 2018, p. 4, https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/Tax/us-tax-inclusive-mobility-mobilize-diverse-workforce-drive-business-performance.pdf.

2. Nancy J. Adler, International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior, 4th ed. (Cincinnati, OH: Thomson South-Western, 2002).

The Core of Inclusive Leadership: The Enabling Traits

1. Erving Goffman, Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1963), 102–104.

2. Christie Smith and Kenji Yoshino, Uncovering Talent: A New Model of Inclusion, Deloitte Development, 2019, https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/about-deloitte/us-about-deloitte-uncovering-talent-a-new-model-of-inclusion.pdf.

3. Milton J. Bennett, “A Developmental Approach to Training for Intercultural Sensitivity,” International Journal of Intercultural Relations 10, no. 2 (1986): 179–196. This full model, specifically, is measured by the Intercultural Development Inventory.

4. Andrés T. Tapia, The Inclusion Paradox: The Obama Era and the Transformation of Global Diversity, 3rd ed. (Los Angeles: Korn Ferry Institute, 2016).

5. Jeanine Prime and Elizabeth R. Salib, “The Secret to Inclusion in Australian Workplaces: Psychological Safety,” Catalyst, 2015, https://www.catalyst.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/the_secret_to_inclusion_in_australian_workplaces.pdf.

6. Brent W. Roberts and Daniel Mroczek, “Personality Trait Change in Adulthood,” Current Directions in Psychological Science 17, no. 1 (2008): 31–35.

7. J. J. A. Denissen, M. Luhmann, J. M. Chung, and W. Bleidorn, “Transactions Between Life Events and Personality Traits Across the Adult Lifespan,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 116, no. 4 (2019): 612–633.

8. Melinda Gates, The Moment of Lift (New York: Flatiron Books, 2019), 19.

9. Ann Scott Tyson, “Melinda Gates: What She’s Learned,” Christian Science Monitor, September 18, 2019, https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Making-a-difference/2019/0918/Melinda-Gates-What-she-s-learned.

Chapter 1. Discipline 1: Builds Interpersonal Trust

1. Robert M. Sapolsky, Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst (New York: Penguin, 2017).

Chapter 2. Discipline 2: Integrates Diverse Perspectives

1. Katherine W. Phillips, “How Diversity Makes Us Smarter,” Scientific American, October 1, 2014, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-diversity-makes-us-smarter.

Chapter 3. Discipline 3: Optimizes Talent

1. These terms are from the founder of the field of intercultural communication, anthropologist Edward T. Hall. A high-context communication style relies on implicit communication and nonverbal cues. In high-context communication, a message cannot be understood without a great deal of background information. Asian, African, Arab, Central European, and Latin American cultures are generally considered to be high-context cultures. A low-context communication style relies on explicit communication. In low-context cultures, more of the information in a message is spelled out and defined. Cultures with Western European roots, such as the United States and Australia, are generally considered to be low-context cultures. See Hall, The Silent Language (New York: Anchor Books, 1959).

2. Survey results from 170 companies, with 6.6 million employees across 172 countries and a variety of industries.

3. Barnabas Piper, “The 40 Best Quotes from Creativity, Inc.,” September 10, 2015, https://barnabaspiper.com/2015/09/the-40-best-quotes-from-creativity-inc.html.

4. “Leadership Lessons from Ed Catmull’s Creativity, Inc.,” Slack blog, August 20, 2018, https://slackhq.com/leadership-lessons-from-ed-catmulls-creativity-inc.

5. Alex Samur, “Collaborative Leadership: Moving from Top-Down to Team-centric,” Slack blog, March 19, 2019, https://slackhq.com/collaborative-leadership-top-down-team-centric.

6. Beth Stackpole, “Why Pixar Founder Ed Catmull Wants You to ‘Fail the Elevator Test,’” MIT Management Sloan School, May 8, 2019, https://mitsloan.mit.edu/ideas-made-to-matter/why-pixar-founder-ed-catmull-wants-you-to-fail-elevator-test.

7. Anita Woolley, Thomas W. Malone, and Christopher F. Chabris, “Why Some Teams Are Smarter Than Others,” New York Times, January 16, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/18/opinion/sunday/why-some-teams-are-smarter-than-others.html.

Chapter 4. Discipline 4: Applies an Adaptive Mindset

1. Justin Bariso, “This Is the Book That Inspired Microsoft’s Turnaround, According to CEO Satya Nadella,” Inc., November 26, 2018, https://www.inc.com/justin-bariso/this-is-book-that-inspired-microsofts-turnaround-according-to-ceo-satya-nadella.html.

2. “Mission and Vision,” Microsoft, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/about. Accessed September 2, 2019.

3. Amit Chowdhry, “Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella Apologizes for Comments on Women’s Pay,” Forbes, October 10, 2014, https://www.forbes.com/sites/amitchowdhry/2014/10/10/microsoft-ceo-satya-nadella-apologizes-for-comments-on-womens-pay/#61730d436d2b.

4. Chowdhry, “Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella Apologizes.”

5. Amelia Lester, “The Roots of Jacinda Ardern’s Extraordinary Leadership After Christchurch,” New Yorker, March 23, 2019, https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/what-jacinda-arderns-leadership-means-to-new-zealand-and-to-the-world.

6. Suzanne Moore, “Jacinda Ardern Is Showing the World What Real Leadership Is: Sympathy, Love and Integrity,” Guardian, March 18, 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/mar/18/jacinda-ardern-is-showing-the-world-what-real-leadership-is-sympathy-love-and-integrity.

7. Charlotte Graham-McLay, “Jacinda Ardern Pitched New Zealand’s Charms. Now She Speaks of Its Pain,” New York Times, March 16, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/16/world/asia/jacinda-ardern-new-zealand-christchurch.html.

8. Michael Hirtzer, “Cotton Makes a Comeback in U.S. Plains as Farmers Sour on Wheat,” Reuters, May 29, 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-cotton-plantings-idUSKCN1IU0E4.

9. “Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella: How Empathy Sparks Innovation,” Knowledge@Wharton, February 22, 2018, https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/microsofts-ceo-on-how-empathy-sparks-innovation.

Chapter 5. Discipline 5: Achieves Transformation

1. Matthew J. Gibney and Randall Hansen, eds., Immigration and Asylum: From 1900 to the Present, vol. 2 (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO), 405.

2. Iain Walker, “Saudi Arabia and Its Immigrants,” Centre on Migration, Policy, and Society (COMPAS), August 13, 2013, https://www.compas.ox.ac.uk/2013/saudi-arabia-and-its-immigrants.

3. Justin Wolfers, “Fewer Women Run Big Companies Than Men Named John,” New York Times, March 2, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/03/upshot/fewer-women-run-big-companies-than-men-named-john.html.

4. “‘One Hundred Percent Wrong Club’ Speech,” January 20, 1956, Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Branch Rickey Papers, https://www.loc.gov/collections/jackie-robinson-baseball/articles-and-essays/baseball-the-color-line-and-jackie-robinson/one-hundred-percent-wrong-club-speech.

5. David Oshinsky, “The Man Who Hired Jackie Robinson,” New York Times, March 25, 2011, https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/27/books/review/the-man-who-hired-jackie-robinson.html.

6. Vivian Nunez, “Monica Ramirez Talks the Bandana Project, Her Latinidad, and Her Career in Farmworkers Advocacy,” Forbes, April 25, 2019, https://www.forbes.com/sites/viviannunez/2019/04/25/monica-ramirez-talks-the-bandana-project-her-latinidad-and-her-career-in-farmworkers-advocacy/#442155153ecb.

7. Mónica Ramírez, interview, available at Today, “America Ferrera Speaks Out About ‘Time’s Up’ Anti-Harassment Plan,” video, 4:57, January 4, 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9qQNn9Ip-nE.

8. Tamara Best, “Mónica Ramírez’s #MeToo Lesson for Hollywood, Straight from the Farm,” Daily Beast, March 12, 2018, https://www.thedailybeast.com/monica-ramirezs-metoo-lesson-for-hollywood-straight-from-the-farm.

9. Intel Newsroom, “Intel Diversity in Technology Initiative,” press kit, December 10, 2019, https://newsroom.intel.com/press-kits/intel-diversity-in-technology-initiative/#gs.xoflyu.

10. Ben Hubbard and Vivian Yee, “Saudi Arabia Extends New Rights to Women in Blow to Oppressive System,” New York Times, August 2, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/02/world/middleeast/saudi-arabia-guardianship.html.

11. Bonnie Reilly Schmidt, “Women on the Force,” Canada’s History, March 15, 2016, https://www.canadashistory.ca/explore/women/women-on-the-force.

12. Manitoba Status of Women Division, Women and Policing in Canada: A Status Brief and Discussion Paper (Winnipeg: Manitoba Status of Women Secretariat, 2014).

13. Manitoba Status of Women Division, Women and Policing in Canada, 4.

14. Bonnie Ann Reilly Schmidt, “Women in Red Serge: Female Police Bodies and the Disruption to the Image of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police” (PhD diss., Simon Fraser University, 2013).

Chapter 7. John Deere: Inclusive Leadership Feeds the World

1. Roberto Baldwin, “John Deere Wants to Remind the World That It’s a Tech Company,” Engadget, January 17, 2019, https://www.engadget.com/2019/01/17/john-deere-autonomous-technology.

2. John Deere, “Feed the World: A Challenge and an Opportunity,” John Deere Journal, December 2, 2015, https://johndeerejournal.com/2015/12/smallholder-farmers-big-challenges.

Chapter 8. Marriott: Where Everyone Belongs

1. Sarah Clemence, Ed Frauenheim, and Christopher Tkaczyk, “A New Marriott—for All and By All,” Great Place to Work Institute, https://www.greatplacetowork.com/resources/reports/a-new-marriott-for-all-and-by-all.

2. Abha Bhattarai, “Lavish Indian Weddings Help DC-Area Hotels Turn Handsome Profit,” Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2015/02/13/89e874e8-b210-11e4-886b-c22184f27c35_story.html.

3. Meredith Barack, “Muncie-Based Program Urging Employers to Hire More People with Disabilities,” Hiring Hoosiers, January 3, 2019, https://www.theindychannel.com/news/hiring-hoosiers/muncie-based-program-urging-employers-to-hire-more-people-with-disabilities.

4. Danielle Douglas, “Marriott’s Next Boss May Sound Like Its Namesake, but Arne Sorenson Is No Clone,” Washington Post, December, 18, 2011, https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/marriotts-next-boss-may-sound-like-its-namesake-but-arne-sorenson-is-no-clone/2011/12/15/gIQAqQ1220_story.html.

Chapter 10. Structural Inclusion: Confronting the Reference Man Norms That Leave Most of Us Out

1. Zahra Mulroy, “Chilling Reason Why Women Are More Likely to Die in a Car Crash Then [sic] a Man, Mirror, February 26, 2019, https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/chilling-reason-women-more-likely-14056777.

2. Sukhvinder S. Obhi, email message to authors, March 15, 2020.

3. Inclusive Microsoft Design, Microsoft, 2016, https://download.microsoft.com/download/b/0/d/b0d4bf87-09ce-4417-8f28-d60703d672ed/inclusive_toolkit_manual_final.pdf, 8.

4. Kat Holmes, Mismatch: How Inclusion Shapes Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2018), 4.

5. Kate Clark, “Female Founders Have Brought In just 2.2% of US VC This Year (Yes, Again),” TechCrunch, November 4, 2018, https://techcrunch.com/2018/11/04/female-founders-have-brought-in-just-2-2-of-us-vc-this-year-yes-again.

6. “Our Mission,” Kapor Capital, https://www.kaporcapital.com/who-we-are.

7. “SMASH Academy,” SMASH, https://www.smash.org/programs/smash-academy.

8. Lauren A. Rivera, “The Paper” in Pedigree: How Elite Students Get Elite Jobs, 83–112. Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2015. Accessed June 8, 2020. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv7h0sdf.

9. Neal Goodman, “Unconscious Bias,” Training, July 16, 2014, https://trainingmag.com/trgmag-article/unconscious-bias.

Chapter 11. Identity Inclusion: The Perennial Unfinished Business of Race and Gender

1. Content on colorism and race in this chapter is heavily influenced by thinking and excerpts from Katherine W. Phillips, Paul Calello, and Andrés T. Tapia, “Does Race Still Matter?: Moving Toward a New Global Conversation on Race and Colorism,” Diversity Best Practices News, special issue, July 2013, https://www.diversitybestpractices.com/sites/diversitybestpractices.com/files/import/embedded/anchors/files/does_race_still_matter.7.2013.pdf; Robert Rodriguez and Andrés Tomás Tapia, Auténtico: The Definitive Guide to Latino Career Success (Chicago: Latinx Institute Press, 2017); and various blog posts and articles put out by the Korn Ferry Black, Latino, and Asian think tanks.

2. Don Gonyea, “Majority of White Americans Say They Believe Whites Face Discrimination,” NPR, October 24, 2017, https://www.npr.org/2017/10/24/559604836/majority-of-white-americans-think-theyre-discriminated-against.

3. ANI, “Tackling the ‘Snow White Syndrome’ in India,” Rediff.com, April 12, 2010, http://getahead.rediff.com/report/2010/apr/12/tackling-the-snow-white-syndrome-in-india.htm.

4. Phillip Martin, “Why White Skin Is All the Rage in India,” PRI, November 25, 2009, https://www.pri.org/stories/2009-11-25/why-white-skin-all-rage-asia.

5. “Brazil 2010 Census Shows Changing Race Balance,” BBC, November 17, 2011, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-15766840.

6. Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan, “Are Emily and Greg More Employable Than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination,” American Economic Review 9 (September 4, 2004), 991–1013.

7. Devah Pager, Bruce Western, and Bart Binikowski, “Discrimination in a Low-Wage Labor Market: A Field Experiment,” American Sociological Review 75, no. 5 (2009): 777–799.

8. Brando Simeo Starkey, “Why We Must Talk About the Asian-American Story, Too,” The Undefeated, November 3, 2016, https://theundefeated.com/features/why-we-must-talk-about-the-asian-american-story-too.

9. “Korn Ferry Study Reveals United States Black P&L Leaders Are Some of the Highest Performing Executives in the US C-Suite,” Business Wire, October 10, 2019, https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20191010005567/en/Korn-Ferry-Study-Reveals-United-States-Black.

10. Karen Huang, “Asian American Women as Leaders Abolish So Many Stereotypes,” LinkedIn, July 12, 2019, linkedin.com/pulse/asian-american-women-leaders-abolish-so-many-karen-huang-ph-d-/.

11. Huang, “Asian American Women as Leaders.”

12. Claire Zillman and Emma Hinchliffe, “Where Are Wall Street’s Women CEOs? The Broadsheet,” Fortune, September 19, 2019, https://fortune.com/2019/09/19/where-are-wall-streets-women-ceos-the-broadsheet.

13. Corilyn Shropshire, “Women in the Workplace: The Glass Ceiling May Be Breaking—But Now the ‘Broken Rung’ Blocks Advancement,” Chicago Tribune, October 18, 2019, https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-biz-lean-in-mckinsey-women-work-survey-20191018-nq2hykzxqnbitata7ge5sbdlvy-story.html.

14. World Economic Forum, “Closing the Gender Gap Accelerators,” https://www.weforum.org/projects/closing-the-gender-gap-accelerators.

15. Korn Ferry, “New Report by Korn Ferry and the Conference Board,” March 6, 2019, https://www.kornferry.com/about-us/press/new-report-by-korn-ferry-and-the-conference-board.

16. Sheryl Sandberg and Rachel Thomas, “Sheryl Sandberg: The Gender Gap Isn’t Just Unfair, It’s Bad for Business,” Wall Street Journal, October 15, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/sheryl-sandberg-the-gender-gap-isnt-just-unfair-its-bad-for-business-11571112300.

17. American Express, “Number of Women-Owned Businesses Increased Nearly 3,000% Since 1972, According to New Research,” August 21, 2018, https://about.americanexpress.com/press-release/research-insights/number-women-owned-businesses-increased-nearly-3000-1972-according.

18. Nadya A. Fouad and Romila Singh, “Stemming the Tide: Why Women Engineers Stay in, or Leave, the Engineering Profession,” in Career Choices of Female Engineers: A Summary of a Workshop, ed. Sara Frueh, appendix D (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2011), 30–37. https://www.nap.edu/read/18810/chapter/11.

19. Marcus Noland and Tyler Moran, “Study: Firms with More Women in the C-Suite Are More Profitable,” Harvard Business Review, February 8, 2016, https://hbr.org/2016/02/study-firms-with-more-women-in-the-c-suite-are-more-profitable; “Globally, Companies Lose $160 Trillion in Wealth Due to Earnings Gaps Between Women and Men,” World Bank, May 30, 2018, https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2018/05/30/globally-countries-lose-160-trillion-in-wealth-due-to-earnings-gaps-between-women-and-men; Jodie Gunzberg, Beth Ann Bovino, and Jason Gold, “Adding More Women to the US Workforce Could Send Global Stock Markets Soaring,” S&P Global, 2018, https://www.spglobal.com/_Assets/documents/corporate/Adding-More-Women-To-The-US-Workforce.pdf.

20. Kal Raustiala and Chris Sprigman, “Who Owns the Korean Taco?,” Freakonomics, July 2, 2010, https://freakonomics.com/2010/07/02/who-owns-the-korean-taco/.

21. Andrea Johnson, comment on Andrés T. Tapia’s “Is Identity in Our Blood? What 23andMe Says—and Does Not Say—About Us,” LinkedIn, https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:article:7665017998265119983?commentUrn=urn%3Ali%3Acomment%3A%28article%3A7665017998265119983%2C6575127729765789696%2.

22. Robinson Richard, “Creating an Inclusive Workplace: Integrating Employees with Disabilities into a Distribution Center Environment [Professional Safety],” Insurance News Net, June 14, 2012, https://insurancenewsnet.com/oarticle/Creating-an-Inclusive-Workplace-Integrating-Employees-With-Disabilities-Into-a-a-346155.

Chapter 12. Sociopolitical Inclusion: When the Outside Comes Inside

1. Andrew Ross Sorkin, “BlackRock CEO Larry Fink: Climate Crisis Will Reshape Finance,” New York Times, January 14, 2020 (updated February 24, 2020), https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/14/business/dealbook/larry-fink-blackrock-climate-change.html; Aimee Picchi, “Goldman Sachs’ New IPO Rule: No More All-White, Male Boards,” CBS News, January 24, 2020, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/goldman-sachs-diversity-ipo-women-minorities-david-solomon-davos.

2. United Airlines, “Protecting Immigrant Families and Defending the Rights of Asylum Seekers,” October 29, 2019, https://donate.mileageplus.com/Charity/Details/334818.

3. Trevor Noah, Born a Crime: Stories from a South African Childhood (New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2016), 209.

4. Issa Rae, The Misadventures of Awkward Black Girl (New York: Atria, 2015), 163.

5. Heather Holland, comment on Andrés T. Tapia, “Inclusive Leadership: Standing Up for Those Who Take a Knee,” LinkedIn, https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:article:7717680481133295045?commentUrn=urn%3Ali%3Acomment%3A%28article%3A7717680481133295045%2C6321089528652185600%2.

Conclusion. Creating Inclusive Organizations—Who Has the Last Word?

1. All of the focus groups were conducted virtually. The Africa focus group, with participants from Botswana, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe, was conducted on February 12, 2020; the Latin America focus group, with participants from Chile and Colombia, was conducted on November 26, 2019; the Europe focus group, with participants from Germany, Spain, and Sweden, was conducted on December 16, 2019; the US focus group, with participants from California, Louisiana, New York, Texas, and Washington, DC, was conducted on December 18, 2019; and the India focus group was conducted on December 19, 2019.

2. Capital Global Employment Solutions, “Millennials and Gen Z—The New World of Work,” December 13, 2018, https://www.capital-ges.com/millennials-and-generation-z-the-new-world-of-work.

3. Eliza Barclay and Brian Resnick, “How Big Was the Global Climate Strike? 4 Million People, Activists Estimate,” Vox, September 22, 2019, https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/9/20/20876143/climate-strike-2019-september-20-crowd-estimate.

4. Adam Hayes, “Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI),” Investopedia, July 8, 2019, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gpi.asp.

Appendix A. Bonus Tracks: Spotlights on the Enabling Traits

1. Kellee Terrell, “#LocLife: Ava DuVernay Encourages Black Folks to Show Off Their Luxurious Locs with Pride,” Hello Beautiful, September 6, 2019, https://hellobeautiful.com/playlist/loclife-ava-duvernay-encourages-black-folks-to-show-off-their-luxurious-locs-with-pride/item/29.

2. All quotes from Elaine Welteroth, “Ava DuVernay Is Going to Fix Our Country, One Film at a Time,” Glamour, October 23, 2019, https://www.glamour.com/story/women-of-the-year-2019-ava-duvernay.

3. Mike Woolridge, “Mandela Death: How He Survived 27 Years in Prison,” BBC News, December 11, 2013, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23618727.

4. Andrew Meldrum, “The Guard Who Really Was Mandela’s Friend,” Guardian, May 19, 2007, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/may/20/nelsonmandela.

5. Matthew Taub, “Nelson Mandela’s Prison Cell, Through His Eyes,” Atlas Obscura, https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/nelson-mandela-prison-cell-drawing.

6. Hadley Freeman, “Mindy Kaling: ‘I Was So Embarrassed About Being a Diversity Hire,’” Guardian, May 31, 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/may/31/mindy-kaling-i-was-so-embarrassed-about-being-a-diversity-hire.

7. Brent Lang, “Mindy Kaling Created Her Own Opportunities (and Doesn’t Plan on Stopping),” Variety, January 23, 2019, https://variety.com/2019/film/features/mindy-kaling-late-night-sundance-1203112400.

8. Antonia Blyth, “Mindy Kaling on How ‘Late Night’ Was Inspired by Her Own ‘Diversity Hire’ Experience & the Importance of Holding the Door Open for Others—Deadline Disruptors,” Deadline, May 18, 2019, https://deadline.com/2019/05/mindy-kaling-late-night-the-office-disruptors-interview-news-1202610283.

9. Laura Berger, “Quote of the Day: Mindy Kaling & Nisha Ganatra on the Importance of Opening Doors for Others,” Women and Hollywood, January 23, 2019, https://womenandhollywood.com/quote-of-the-day-mindy-kaling-nisha-ganatra-on-the-importance-of-opening-doors-for-others.

10. Freeman, “Mindy Kaling.”

11. Mindy Kaling, Why Not Me? (New York: Crown Archetype, 2015), 216.

12. Kirk Semple, “ Mexico City as the Director of ‘Roma’ Remembers It and Hears It,” New York Times, January 2, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/02/movies/alfonso-cuaron-roma-mexico-city.html.

13. Kristopher Tapley, “Alfonso Cuarón on the Painful and Poetic Backstory Behind ‘Roma,’” Variety, October 23, 2018, https://variety.com/2018/film/news/roma-alfonso-cuaron-netflix-libo-rodriguez-1202988695.

14. Gustavo Gisbert, “The Overlooked Inclusive Oscars,” Korn Ferry, April 19, 2019, https://www.kornferry.com/insights/articles/oscar-academy-award-inclusion.

Appendix B. Research Methods behind Korn Ferry’s Inclusive Leader Model

1. James L. Lewis and Jeff Jones, “Executive Insights: Fit Matters,” Korn Ferry Institute, https://www.kornferry.com/content/dam/kornferry/docs/article-migration/Korn-Ferry-Institute-Fit-matters.pdf.

2. E. Susanne Blazek, Jeff A. Jones, James L. Lewis, and J. Evelyn Orr, “Proof Point: Leading Indicators,” Korn Ferry Institute, https://www.aesc.org/sites/default/files/uploads/documents-2015/Korn-Ferry-Institute-ProofPoint-CEO-outcomes.pdf.

3. James L. Lewis, “Korn Ferry Four Dimensional Enterprise Assessment: Research Guide and Technical Manual,” August 20, 2019, https://www.kornferry.com/content/dam /kornferry/docs/article-migration//KF4D_Executive_Manual_FINAL.pdf.