In this chapter, you learned additional methods and procedures for working with raster layers in R. We now know how to crop, aggregate, or reproject a raster to bring it to the desired extent, resolution, and CRS. We discussed how focal filtering and clumping can be applied to highlight patterns of interest in a raster. We also discussed how topography-related variables can be derived from a DEM, and how spatio-temporal raster data can be aggregated.

In the next chapter, you will learn about the interface between rasters and vector layers, and the different ways in which both can be combined in a spatial analysis.