Index
- ABS. See Asset-backed securities (ABS)
- Absolute priority
- Accounting, financial stability and
- Accounting rules
- Affirmative individual action
- Affordable Health Care Act
- AIG
- AIGFP
- American International Group (AIG). See AIG
- American International Group Financial Products (AIGFP). See AIGFP
- American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
- American Revolutionary War, finance and
- Americans for Tax Reform
- Ameriquest
- Armageddon (2007-2009)
- Arvanitis, Robert
- Askin Capital Management
- Askin funds
- Asset, selling of
- Asset-backed securities (ABS)
- Attorney's opinion:
- qualifications, limitations, or disclaimers in
- true sale and non-consolidation
- Automobiles:
- production of
- US demand for
- Bagehot, Walter
- Bagehot's dictum. See also Greenspan put
- on charging punitive rate on interest
- Great Depression and
- on keeping interest rates high
- Morgan bank and
- premium of
- principle of
- U.S. Supreme Court and
- Bair, Sheila
- Banc One
- Banc One of Ohio
- Bankers Trust
- Bank for International Settlement (BIS)
- Bank holding companies, Michigan and
- Banking:
- British central
- business of
- commercial, in early 1980s
- Depression-era
- disputes over
- history of
- separation of commerce and
- shadow
- U.S.
- Bank of America
- Bank of England (BOE)
- Bank One
- Bankruptcy
- AIG and
- Citigroup reporting loss
- covered bonds introduction
- Fed discount rate reduction
- Fed emergency power
- Fed rates reduction
- Fed speeches in NYC and Berlin
- filing of
- G-7 nationalization cum monetization
- GSE conservatorship
- ISM service sector report
- Lehman Chapter 11
- Obama economic team
- PDFC announcement
- PWG report and Bear's crisis
- SIV fund
- subprime crisis
- tax cuts approval
- TSLF announcement
- U.S. election day
- Banks. See also Banking
- borrowing on secured basis
- checking accounts
- London
- nationalization in 1933
- New York, in 1907
- private national
- state-chartered
- too-big-to-fail (TBTF)
- U.S crisis of 1929 and
- wildcat
- Bank spreads
- Barclays Bank
- Baruch, Hurd
- Bear Stearns & Co.
- equitable insolvency
- failure of
- Fed's intervention
- issue of fraud and
- PWG report and crisis of
- refusal to support investors
- sale to JP Morgan
- “The Beautiful Machine” (O' Harrow, and Dennis)
- Benedict v. Ratner
- Benevolence
- Bernanke, Ben
- Berlin speech
- Fed and
- Geithner on
- international trade imbalances
- market reaction to fraud
- nationalization cum monetization
- on role of central bank
- speech at Jackson Hole
- speech in DC
- US and world leaders and
- on worldwide cooperation
- Bin Laden, Osama, death of
- BIS. See Bank for International Settlement (BIS)
- BOE. See Bank of England (BOE)
- Bond markets
- Bond market spreads, equity market trends and
- Bonds, covered, Treasury and
- Bonhoeffer, Diet-rich
- Borden, Bradley
- Borrowing, secured
- Brandeis, Louis:
- Article 9 and pledges and sales of assets
- Benedict case
- on disclosure and transparency
- on fraud
- on public disclosure of financial information
- use of common-law pledges
- US Supreme Court ruling of 1925
- Breeden, Richard
- Brigadier Industries
- British central banking
- Bubbles, conditions of developing
- Bush, George W.
- Bush, George H. W.
- Bush Administration
- Capital:
- in mid-1990s
- sources of
- Capital goods:
- in 2005
- before the crash
- debt and
- productivity and
- Capital investment
- Capital needs
- Capra, Frank
- Carter, Jimmy
- Cash, Fed and
- Cassano, Joseph
- CDOs. See Collateralized debt obligations (CDOs)
- Chase Manhattan
- Check, as defined by UCC
- Chemical Bank
- China
- Chrysler
- Citibank
- Citigroup
- Citigroup reports loss
- Civil War:
- American
- banking demand following
- Lincoln during
- Clinton, Bill
- Clinton administration policy
- CLOs. See Collateralized loan obligations (CLOs)
- CMO. See Collateralized Mortgage Obligation (CMO)
- Collateral, Fed pledge for
- Collateralized debt obligations (CDOs)
- Collateralized loan obligations (CLOs)
- Collateralized Mortgage Obligation (CMO)
- Freddie Mac's
- homebuilders and market of
- market volatility and
- reduced loan repayment uncertainty and
- rise of bonds issued by homebuilders and
- riskless arbitrage and
- sucker bonds and
- use of
- use of guaranteed cash flows
- Volcker and
- Colonialism
- Comerica
- Commercial paper (CP)
- Common Era, in Jerusalem
- Companion class bondholders
- Companion class investors
- Comstock, William
- Congress stimulus plan
- Consolidated reporting 1930s
- Continental Illinois National Bank & Trust, in Chicago in 1984
- Corporate bond credit spreads
- Corporate bond markets
- Corporate bond risk premiums, 2007-2014
- Corporate spreads
- Corrigan, E. Gerald
- Countrywide Financial
- Covered bonds, Treasury and
- CP. See Commercial paper (CP)
- Credit:
- democratization of
- trust and
- Credit default swaps
- Credit markets
- Creditors of transferor
- Credit spreads:
- changes in
- corporate bond
- at equilibrium
- explosion of
- fall of
- impact of changing
- reduction of
- spike of
- widening of
- Debt ceiling crisis
- Deficit spending
- Democratization of credit
- Dennis, Brady
- Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation (DTCC)
- Deposits, short-term
- Depression-era banking
- Depression-era financial model
- Depression- era laws
- Depression-era model
- Depression-era rules
- Depression-era securities laws
- Deregulation
- Desert Storm, success of
- Detroit:
- by 2013
- big three auto companies
- Economic Club of
- Great Cash impact on
- during 1950s and 1960s
- Deubel, Achim
- Deuteronomy, book of
- Disclosed leverage
- Discount rate, Fed reduction of
- Diversification
- Dodd- Frank law, 2010
- Dodd-Frank Orderly Liquidation Authority (OLA)
- Drew, Daniel
- Drexel Burnham Lambert
- Drexel Burnham's junk bond
- DTCC. See Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation (DTCC)
- Durant, William
- ECB
- Economic Club of Detroit
- Economic growth, in 1960s
- Economics, laws of
- Economic Stimulus Act of 2008
- Economist (newspaper)
- Economy:
- financial crises and
- stand-alone collateralized mortgage obligation and
- U.S.
- 1865 to great depression, financial markets during
- Einstein, Albert
- Emergency Economic Stabilization Act
- Emergency power, Treasury questioning
- Employment, following Civil War
- England
- Equitable insolvency
- Equity markets in 1994
- Euro debt crisis
- Europe, banking system in
- European Central Bank (ECB). See ECB
- European feudal law
- Exporters:
- currency of major
- US real estate taxes and
- Fannie Mae (Federal National Mortgage Association)
- FASIT. See Financial asset securitization investment trust (FASIT)
- FDIC. See Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
- FDICIA law
- Fed. See Federal Reserve (Fed)
- Federal Deposit Insurance Act
- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991
- Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. See Freddie Mac (Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation)
- Federal Housing Administration
- Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA)
- Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC)
- Federal Reserve Act 1913
- Federal Reserve Bank of New York
- Federal Reserve Board
- Federal Reserve (Fed)
- between 2008 and 2013
- Bernanke and
- at the end of 1993
- GOP threats and actions of
- Martin on role of
- pledge for collateral
- purchasing risk-free financial assets
- reduction of rates
- role during Great Depression
- speeches in NYC and Berlin
- Volcker as Chairman of
- Feldkamp, Fred
- FHFA. See Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA)
- F.I.A.S.C.O. (Portnoy)
- Finance, American Revolutionary War and
- Financial Armageddon of 2007–2009
- Financial Assets
- Financial asset securitization investment trust (FASIT)
- Financial bubble, in 1987
- Financial Corp.
- Financial crises
- Financial firms, 1930s consolidated reporting
- Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA). See FINRA (Financial Industry Regulatory Authority)
- Financial institutions:
- accountants and fraud by
- loss of customers
- off-balance sheet liabilities and
- Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989
- Financial markets, from 1865 to great depression
- Financial monopoly
- Financial stability:
- accounting and
- bubbles and
- establishing
- fraud and
- incomplete financial asset sale and
- international trade and
- law and
- laws of economics and
- laws of mathemtics and
- process of
- professionals, regulators, investors, and
- punishing acts of fraud and
- Smith treatise on moral philosophy and
- theory of
- Financial Times
- FINRA (Financial Industry Regulatory Authority)
- First Chicago
- Fisher, Irving
- FOMC. See Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC)
- Ford, Henry
- Ford Motor Company
- Fraud
- Bear Stearns and
- crisis and
- defined
- fear of
- by financial institutions
- financial stability and
- free banking model and
- in free society
- incomplete sale and
- instability and
- laws to prosecute
- stand-alone collateral mortgage obligation and
- truth and
- Freddie Mac (Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation)
- Free banking model
- Free markets
- Freemont
- Free trade, dangers of
- Friedman, Milton
- Frontline (PBS Program)
- Funding crisis
- GAAP (generally accepted ac- counting principles)
- Garrett, Scott
- Gates, Robert
- GE
- GE Capital Corporation
- Geithner, Timothy
- General Electric (GE). See GE
- General Motors Acceptance Corporation (GMAC). See GMAC
- General Motors (GM). See GM
- Germany
- Gilded Age
- Glass-Steagall Act
- “Global Imbalances: Recent Developments and Prospects” (Bernanke)
- Glorious Revolution
- GM
- Durant about
- establishing national banks
- filing for receivership
- financial crises and
- during Great Depression
- nonbank financings
- reorganization of
- GMAC
- G-7 nationalization cum monetization
- GNMA
- Golden Rule
- Goldilocks era:
- 1993-1998
- in 1992
- Goldman Sachs
- GOP, winning the house
- Gorton, Gary
- Government-backed mortgages
- Government bank monopoly
- Government monopoly, concept of
- Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA; Ginny Mae). See GNMA
- Government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs). See GSE
- Great Crash
- Great Depression
- of 1930
- Detroit before
- FDR and
- hangover of
- role of the Fed before and throughout
- Sloan's GM and
- United States and
- U.S. financial markets and
- writings on
- Great Inflation of the 1970
- Great Recession
- Great wheel (Smith)
- Greek banking crisis
- Greek budget restraints
- Greenberg, Hank
- Greenspan, Alan
- Greenspan put
- GSE
- competition with
- conservatorship
- exporters and
- ratings of securities
- relief
- selling of
- stand-alone CMOs and
- underwriting standards of
- Hanover family. See also Windsor family
- Hedge fund crisis, of 1998
- Hetzel, Robert
- Hidden leverage
- High frequency trading (HFT) practices
- Holding companies, creation of
- Holland, central bank in
- Homebuilders:
- rise of CMO bonds issued by
- unconsolidated finance affiliates of
- Hoover, Herbert Clark
- House of Morgan
- IBM
- Inflation, of late 1970s
- Instability
- Institute of Supply Management. See ISM
- Institutional Risk Analyst (Arvanitis)
- Interest on reserves
- Interest rates:
- depression-era financial model and
- Fed reduction of
- increase at the end of 1993
- lowering of
- raising of
- short-term
- Internal Revenue Service
- International trade, financial stability and
- Investment Company Act of 1940
- Investment Company Act Rule 2a-7
- Investment grade risk premiums 2007-2014
- Investment measures
- Iran
- Iraq, invasion of Kuwait
- Isaac, William
- ISM service sector report
- It's a Wonderful Life (film)
- Japan:
- in the 1970 and 180
- corporate reorganization law and
- as victim or capital market speculations
- Jefferson, Thomas
- Johnson, Lyndon
- Johnson administration
- Jones, Jesse
- JPMorgan
- JPMorgan Chase Bank
- J.W. Seligman, Kuhn and Loeb
- Karl, Max
- Kassuba, Walter
- Kemp, Jack
- Keynes, John Maynard
- Kidder, Peabody & Co.
- Kohn, Donald
- Kovacevich, Richard
- Kudlow, Larry
- Kuttner, Kenneth
- The Law and Economics of Financial Markets (Fieldkamp, Lane, and Jung)
- Law of compound interest
- Laws of economics
- Laws of mathematics
- Lebor, Adam
- Legal insolvency
- Legal isolation requirements
- Lehman Brothers
- Lehman Chapter 11
- Leverage
- bankers and hiding
- banking as business of
- disclosed
- hidden, creation of
- secret
- Levitt, Arthur
- Liability, off-balance sheet and
- Lincoln, Abraham
- Liquidity:
- central bank use of
- financial
- to fund bank speculations
- Lockhart, James B., III
- London's Lombard Street
- Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth
- Long Term Capital Management in 1998
- Long-term rates
- Louisiana, Uniform Commercial Code in
- Madoff, Bernard
- Manufactured housing
- Manufacturers, unconsolidated finance affiliates of
- The March of Folly: From Troy to Vietnam (Tuchman)
- Markets:
- bond
- corporate bond
- credit
- equity
- financial
- free
- mortgage, in 2009
- in 1992
- Markham, Jerry
- Marshall, George C.
- Martin, William McChesney
- Mathematics, laws of
- MBS. See Mortgage-backed security (MBS)
- McNamara, Robert
- Mercantilist nations
- Mercantilist trade patterns
- Merrill Lynch
- Merriman, John
- Meyer, Eugene
- MF Global Securities
- Michigan, law in
- Miller, Harvey
- Mitchell, Lawrence
- Monopoly/monopsony
- Morgan, J. Pierpont
- Morgan's bank
- Morgan Stanley
- Mortgage-backed security (MBS)
- Mortgage finance, scarlet letter of risk in
- Mortgage insurance
- Mortgage markets:
- in 2009
- Congress and
- Mortgages:
- corporate bond markets and
- foreclosure of
- toxic waste
- Mortgage spreads
- Mortgage underwriting guidelines
- Mulally, Alan
- Naked shorting (shorts)
- Napoleonic Code
- National Bank of Detroit
- National debt
- Nationalization cum monetization
- Negative convexity
- New Century Financial
- New stimulus agreement
- New York banks
- New York Stock Exchange, daily trading volume on
- New York Times
- 1989-1992 slump
- 1980-1990, auto recession of
- 1987:
- mortgage-backed securities market in
- stock market crash of
- 1987-2012, crises and recoveries in
- 1998-2009, financial crises in
- 1994, crisis of
- 1998:
- hedge fund crisis of
- policy makers mistakes in
- SEC in
- 1992, markets in
- 1992-2008
- achieving equilibrium
- events leading to bankruptcy
- 2001-2007 build-up to disaster
- 2007-2009 Armageddon
- 1930:
- deflationary downdraft in
- government agencies restructuring loans
- thrift model
- U.S. financial experiences during
- 1929, stock market crash in
- 1987-2012, crises and recoveries
- 1929-1973, finance during
- Nixon, Richard
- Nixon administration
- Non-consolidation opinion
- Norquist, Grover
- OAD. See Open-adjusted duration (OAD); Option-adjusted duration (OAD)
- Obama, Barack:
- Affordable Health Care Act
- economic team announcement
- path in 2008
- state of equitable insolvency
- support of Congress stimulus plan
- U.S. election and
- Obama administration
- Off-balance sheet, liability and
- O' Harrow, Robert, Jr.
- OLA. See Dodd-Frank Orderly Liquidation Authority (OLA)
- OPEC, oil crises of the 1970s
- Open-adjusted duration (OAD)
- Opinion Language, inadequate
- Option-adjusted duration (OAD)
- Orderly Liquidation Authority
- OTC (over the counter) derivatives markets
- Overend, Gurney & Company
- PAC. See Planned amortization class (PAC)
- Paulson, Henry (Hank)
- approval of GSE preferred stock
- economic policy
- on sale of Lehman Brothers
- scheme of Troubled Asset Relief Program
- as source of instability
- Super SIV fund
- on using covered bonds
- PDFC, Fed announcing
- Penn Square Bank, failure of
- Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation
- “The People's Lawyer”
- Pittman, Mark
- Planned amortization class (PAC) CMO
- Portnoy, Frank
- Post-Depression mortgage-backed security
- President's Working Group (PWG). See PWG
- Primary Dealer Credit Facility (PDCF). See PDFC
- Private markets, financial stability and
- Private national banks
- Pulte Home Corporation
- PWG report and Bear's crisis
- Rakoff, Jed S.
- RAP. See Regulatory accounting principles (RAP)
- Rate spread
- Reagan, Ronald
- Reagan administration
- Real estate, bust of late 1920s
- Real estate investment trusts (REITs)
- Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits (REMIC). See REMIC
- RealtyTrac
- Reconstruction Finance Corporation
- Reduced loan repayment uncertainty
- Regulation Q
- Regulatory accounting principles (RAP)
- Reiss, David
- REITs. See Real estate investment trusts (REITs)
- REMIC
- Repo 105
- Repo agreements
- Rescission, fraud and
- Reserves, mandatory
- Resurrection phase of crisis (2008-2014)
- “Rethinking the Role of Recourse in the Sale of Financial Assets,” (Pantaleo, et al)
- Return, hidden leverage and
- Risk-free arbitrage
- Risk-free financial asset, Fed purchasing
- Riskless arbitrage:
- defined
- innovation in 1983
- Risk premiums, 2007-2014:
- corporate bond
- high-yield risk
- Investment grade
- Robins, Marty
- Roosevelt, Franklin
- Rubin, Robert
- Rule 2a-7
- Rule 3a-7
- Rule by vote, principle of
- Rule of 3-6-3
- Russia
- Safe-harbor rule
- Sale, incomplete
- Sale treatment, legal isolation requirements and
- Sanders, Sol
- Savage, Thomas R.
- Scarlet letter of risk
- Schwartz, Alan
- Scottish banks
- Scottish Enlightenment
- Scottish Highlands
- Seafirst in Seattle, in 1983
- Sears, Roebuck & Co.
- Sears Regs
- SEC
- Rule 2a-7 and
- Rule 3a-7 and
- Secured borrowing
- Securities Act of 1933
- Securities Industry Protection Act
- Seidman, Bill
- Self-interest
- Self-interest, financial stability and
- Selling Group
- September 11, 2001
- Shadow banking
- Short sellers
- Short-term interest rates
- Short-term rate
- Silver Rule
- SIPC (Securities Investor Protection Corporation)
- SIV
- S&L crisis of the 1980s
- Sloan, Alfred
- Smith, Adam
- in 1776
- in 1790
- on colonialism
- great wheel of circulation
- London banks and the thinking of
- loyalty to King of England
- outline of reserve banking
- philosophical treatise in 1790
- theory of financial stability
- The Theory of Moral Sentiments
- SOMA. See System Open Market Account (SOMA)
- Sosin, Howard
- South Seas Bubble
- Spreads
- corporate
- corporate bond
- credit
- fall of
- low
- narrow
- rise of
- 2008 spike of
- Stamp taxes
- Stand-alone Collateralized Mortgage Obligation (CMO)
- beneficial attributes of
- economy and
- first
- fraud and
- global economy and
- GM-GMAC resolution and use of
- GSE and
- newly originated mortgages and
- Pulte and
- risk-free
- risk-free arbitrage and
- steps for issuing
- Standard & Poor's
- Stanford, Allen
- State banks
- State-chartered banks
- Stewart, James
- Stock market, American economy and
- Stocks, value of
- Stress Test (Geithner)
- Strong, Benjamin
- Structured investment vehicles (SIV). See SIV
- Subprime crisis
- Sucker bonds
- Suicide monopoly
- Summers, Lawrence
- Super SIV
- Systematic fraud
- System Open Market Account (SOMA)
- TARGET (Trans-European Automated Real-Time Gross Settlement Express Transfer) system
- TARP law (Troubled Asset Relief Program)
- Tax cuts, approval of
- TBTF. See Too-big-to-fail (TBTF)
- Tea Party:
- extortion
- uprising
- Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Co. (TC&I)
- Term Securities Lending Facility (TSLF). See TSLF
- The Theory of Moral Sentiments (Smith)
- Theory of relativity
- Thrift crisis in 1980s
- Thrift institutions
- Thrifts, by 1982
- Too-big-to-fail (TBTF)
- Tower of Basel (Lebor)
- Toxic waste mortgages, issuers of
- Toxic waste securities
- Transaction Account Guarantee Program
- Trollope, Anthony
- Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP law). See TARP law (Troubled Asset Relief Program)
- True sale opinion
- Trust:
- credit and
- fraud and
- Truth, fraud and
- TSLF, Fed announcing
- Tuchman, Barbara
- Twentieth century bubble
- 2008:
- interest on reserves
- November 20
- United States during the crises of
- World recovery after
- 2008-2014 resurrection, recovery, and reform
- 2008-2009 liquidity crisis, Ford and
- 2000 liquidity crisis
- 2001-2007 build-up to disaster
- 2001-2002 tech bubble
- 2007-2014:
- corporate risk premiums
- high-yield risk premiums
- investment grade risk premiums
- 2007-2009 crisis
- 2010, safe-harbor rule in
- UCC. See Uniform Commercial Code (UCC)
- UFTA. See Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act (UFTA)
- Ukraine
- Uniform Commercial Code (UCC)
- Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act (UFTA)
- Union Guardian Trust Company
- United Kingdom, solutions for panics in
- United States:
- backing of United Kingdom
- business lending and
- capital goods and debt in
- disputes over banking in
- economy, stock market and
- expanding oil production in
- Japan corporate reorganization law and
- as leading economic power
- market structuring in
- U.S. Assignment of Claims Act of 1940
- U.S. Bankruptcy Code (USBC)
- U.S. based transferor
- U.S. Constitution
- U.S. Constitution, Article I of
- U.S. economy
- U.S. Election Day
- U.S. equity markets
- U.S. Federal Reserve System
- U.S. Financial Accounting Standards Board
- U.S. financial asset markets
- U.S. financial sinkhole
- U.S. government shut down
- U.S. Home
- U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. See SEC
- U.S. Steel
- U.S. Supreme Court
- U.S. thrift industry
- U.S. Treasury, announcement of SIV fund
- U.S. Treasury Department
- USBC. See U.S. Bankruptcy Code (USBC)
- Veterans Administration
- Vietnam War
- Villani, Kevin
- Volatility, of the market
- Volcker, Paul
- Wachovia Corp.
- Wall Street Journal
- Washington Mutual
- Washington Post
- Water balloon, managing
- The Way We Live Now (Trollope)
- The Wealth of Nations (Smith)
- Wells Fargo
- Whalen, Chris
- Wildcat banks
- William I
- William III
- Williams, Roger
- William the Conqueror
- Windsor family
- World War I and II
- World War II, federal government during
- Yardeni, Ed
- Yellen, Janet
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