Copyright
by Randima Fernando, Matt Pharr
GPU Gems 2: Programming Techniques for High-Performance Graphics and General-Purpose Computation
- Copyright
- Foreword
- Preface
- Contributors
- I. Geometric Complexity
- 1. Toward Photorealism in Virtual Botany
- 2. Terrain Rendering Using GPU-Based Geometry Clipmaps
- 3. Inside Geometry Instancing
- 4. Segment Buffering
- 5. Optimizing Resource Management with Multistreaming
- 6. Hardware Occlusion Queries Made Useful
- 7. Adaptive Tessellation of Subdivision Surfaces with Displacement Mapping
- 8. Per-Pixel Displacement Mapping with Distance Functions
- II. Shading, Lighting, and Shadows
- 9. Deferred Shading in S.T.A.L.K.E.R.
- 10. Real-Time Computation of Dynamic Irradiance Environment Maps
- 11. Approximate Bidirectional Texture Functions
- 12. Tile-Based Texture Mapping
- 13. Implementing the mental images Phenomena Renderer on the GPU
- 13.1. Introduction
- 13.2. Shaders and Phenomena
- 13.3. Implementing Phenomena Using Cg
- 13.3.1. The Cg Vertex Program and the Varying Parameters
- 13.3.2. The main() Entry Point for Fragment Shaders
- 13.3.3. The General Shader Interfaces
- 13.3.4. Example of a Simple Shader
- 13.3.5. Global State Variables
- 13.3.6. Light Shaders
- 13.3.7. Texture Shaders
- 13.3.8. Bump Mapping
- 13.3.9. Environment and Volume Shaders
- 13.3.10. Shaders Returning Structures
- 13.3.11. Rendering Hair
- 13.3.12. Putting It All Together
- 13.4. Conclusion
- 13.5. References
- 14. Dynamic Ambient Occlusion and Indirect Lighting
- 15. Blueprint Rendering and “Sketchy Drawings”
- 15.1. Basic Principles
- 15.2. Blueprint Rendering
- 15.3. Sketchy Rendering
- 15.4. Conclusion
- 15.5. References
- 16. Accurate Atmospheric Scattering
- 17. Efficient Soft-Edged Shadows Using Pixel Shader Branching
- 18. Using Vertex Texture Displacement for Realistic Water Rendering
- 19. Generic Refraction Simulation
- III. High-Quality Rendering
- 20. Fast Third-Order Texture Filtering
- 21. High-Quality Antialiased Rasterization
- 22. Fast Prefiltered Lines
- 23. Hair Animation and Rendering in the Nalu Demo
- 24. Using Lookup Tables to Accelerate Color Transformations
- 25. GPU Image Processing in Apple’s Motion
- 26. Implementing Improved Perlin Noise
- 27. Advanced High-Quality Filtering
- 28. Mipmap-Level Measurement
- IV. General-Purpose Computation on GPUS: A Primer
- 29. Streaming Architectures and Technology Trends
- 30. The GeForce 6 Series GPU Architecture
- 31. Mapping Computational Concepts to GPUs
- 31.1. The Importance of Data Parallelism
- 31.2. An Inventory of GPU Computational Resources
- 31.3. CPU-GPU Analogies
- 31.3.1. Streams: GPU Textures = CPU Arrays
- 31.3.2. Kernels: GPU Fragment Programs = CPU “Inner Loops”
- 31.3.3. Render-to-Texture = Feedback
- 31.3.4. Geometry Rasterization = Computation Invocation
- 31.3.5. Texture Coordinates = Computational Domain
- 31.3.6. Vertex Coordinates = Computational Range
- 31.3.7. Reductions
- 31.4. From Analogies to Implementation
- 31.5. A Simple Example
- 31.6. Conclusion
- 31.7. References
- 32. Taking the Plunge into GPU Computing
- 33. Implementing Efficient Parallel Data Structures on GPUs
- 34. GPU Flow-Control Idioms
- 35. GPU Program Optimization
- 36. Stream Reduction Operations for GPGPU Applications
- V. Image-Oriented Computing
- 37. Octree Textures on the GPU
- 38. High-Quality Global Illumination Rendering Using Rasterization
- 39. Global Illumination Using Progressive Refinement Radiosity
- 40. Computer Vision on the GPU
- 41. Deferred Filtering: Rendering from Difficult Data Formats
- 42. Conservative Rasterization
- VI. Simulation and Numerical Algorithms
- 43. GPU Computing for Protein Structure Prediction
- 44. A GPU Framework for Solving Systems of Linear Equations
- 45. Options Pricing on the GPU
- 46. Improved GPU Sorting
- 47. Flow Simulation with Complex Boundaries
- 48. Medical Image Reconstruction with the FFT
- Inside Front Cover
- Inside Back Cover
About the Cover: The Nalu character was created by the NVIDIA Demo Team to showcase the rendering power of the GeForce 6800 GPU. The demo shows off advanced hair shading and shadowing algorithms, as well as iridescence and bioluminescence. Soft shafts of light from the water surface are blocked by her body, and her skin is lit by the light refracted through the water’s surface, with her body and hair casting soft shadows on her as she swims.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
GPU gems 2 : programming techniques for high-performance graphics and general-purposecomputation / edited by Matt Pharr ; Randima Fernando, series editor. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-321-33559-7 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Computer graphics. 2. Real-time programming. I. Pharr, Matt. II. Fernando, Randima. T385.G688 2005 006.66—dc22 2004030181
GeForce™ and NVIDIA Quadro® are trademarks or registered trademarks of NVIDIA Corporation.
Nalu, Timbury, and Clear Sailing images © 2004 NVIDIA Corporation.
mental images and mental ray are trademarks or registered trademarks of mental images, GmbH.
Copyright © 2005 by NVIDIA Corporation.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior consent of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Published simultaneously in Canada.
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Text printed in the United States on recycled paper at Quebecor World Taunton in Taunton, Massachusetts.
Second printing, April 2005
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