Index
- abortion rights, 120
- Abrams, Stacey
- gubernatorial bid (2018), 118
- Soros and, 98, 118, 126, 129
- Abu Ghraib prison, 106
- Academy of Sciences, 166
- ACLU. See American Civil Liberties Union
- ACT. See America Coming Together
- Adelson, Sheldon, 126
- Affordable Care Act, 128
- AFL-CIO, 107
- African National Congress, 163
- Age of Fallibility, The (Soros), 107, 130
- Agnelli, Gianni, 66–67
- Albright, Madeleine, 141
- Alchemy of Finance, The (Soros), 40, 166, 251
- Alexander, Michelle, 93, 119
- Algebra Project, 104–105
- Allen, Woody, 131n
- Allianz, 42
- Amazon, 40
- America Coming Together (ACT), 97, 108, 109, 110–111, 128, 129
- American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 83, 92, 93, 94, 100
- American Constitution Society, 113
- American University of Central Asia, Bishkek, 175
- America Votes, 109–110, 128
- Angola
- corruption/inequality, 86–87
- Open Society Foundation/human rights abuses and, 86–87
- Annie Hall (film), 131n
- anti-Semitism
- America, 249–250
- attacks on Soros and, x, 21, 124, 125, 130, 174, 184, 253–254, 255
- Hungary, 11–13, 15–29, 215, 218, 219, 221, 222–223, 224–225, 226, 232–237, 238, 242–243, 247, 254
- Poland, 218, 220, 226–227
- roots of, 235–237
- See also Holocaust
- Aquino, Benigno, 123
- Aquino, Corazon, 123
- Arab-Israeli War (1973), 52
- Arbery, Ahmaud, 96
- arbitrage, international
- end of, 44
- examples, 41–43
- Arendt, Hannah, 215–216, 217, 244, 257
- Arnhold & S. Bleichroeder, 43, 44, 46–47, 51, 223
- Aron, Raymond, 152
- Arpaio, Joe, 121
- Arrow Cross Party, 13, 22, 25, 218, 233, 238, 242
- attacks on Soros
- anti-Semitism and, x, 21, 124, 125, 130, 174, 184, 253–254, 255
- attitudes on Israel and, 255
- CEU and, 130, 174
- color revolutions and, 150, 189–190
- descriptions, x, 122, 123, 127, 130
- Eastern Europe and, 150–155
- “global government” and, 136, 154
- by illiberal forces (summary/twenty-first century), 150–155
- international Jewish conspiracy theories, 253–255
- by nationalists, 154
- by Orbán, x, 130, 180–181, 183–184, 186, 254
- politics, 122, 123
- right-wing fundraising and, 123–124, 125
- See also specific individuals
- Audacity of Hope, The (Obama), 116
- Auschwitz, 18, 19, 154
- Austro-Hungarian Empire, 2
- Ayala, Aramis, 121, 122
- Bacon, Louis, 65
- Bak, János, 170
- Baker, James, 56, 58
- ballot initiatives, 101–102
- Baltimore
- description, 89–90
- Open Society Foundation/projects, 89–91
- racism/consequences, 89–90
- Bankers Trust, 63–64
- Bank of England, 62, 64, 65, 66, 99
- Bárdossy, László, 232
- Bartley, Anne, 108
- Baruch, Bernard, 116
- Baufluss, 20–21, 22–23
- Bauman, Patricia, 108
- BBC, 6, 15, 24, 244
- Belarus, 187
- Belgrade, 148, 166
- Benardo, Leonard, 123, 128, 131n
- Benhabib, Sela, 88
- Berdyczewski, Micha Josef (Bin-Gorion), 239–242, 246
- Bergen-Belsen, 25
- Bergson, Henri, 139–140, 214, 246
- Berkshire Hathaway, 71
- Berlin Wall, 61, 80, 140, 149, 152–153, 167
- Bernstein, Robert, 202
- Bertram, James, 84
- Bessent, Scott, 62
- Bezos, Jeff, 40
- Bibó, István, 133
- Biden, Joe, 119
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, 74, 93, 145
- Bin-Gorion (Berdyczewski, Micha Josef), 239–242, 246
- birthday celebrations, 208
- Bismarck, Otto von, 43
- Black Lives Matter, 95–96
- Blitz, Chuck, 102
- Bloomberg, Michael, 125, 128
- Bolsheviks, 153
- Bolton, Tamiko (wife), 178, 203, 205, 207, 208, 210
- boom-bust cycle in US conglomerates, 48–51
- Borg, Björn, 52
- Bosnia, 148
- Botstein, Leon, xii, 88
- Bradley, Bill, 105, 107
- Bradley Foundation, 112
- Brennan Center for Justice, 105, 115
- Bribe Payers Index, 86
- Briggs Initiative, California, 102
- Brock, David, 124, 128
- Brown v. Board of Education, 249
- Bruszt, László, 170, 171
- Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 141
- Buber, Martin, 13, 240
- Budapest
- battle for (World War II), 26–27
- bridge between Buda/Pest, 26
- character/Western regions comparison, 3
- description, prewar, 2–3
- “Judapest,” 219
- Soros/Tamiko visits, 178
- World War II and, 16, 17–18, 23–28
- See also Holocaust; Jews/Hungary; specific individuals
- Budapest Festival Orchestra, 251
- Buddhism, 192–193
- Buffett, Warren, 71
- Bulgaria, 153
- Burden of Consciousness, The (Soros, unfinished), 75, 137
- Bush, George W.
- “compassionate conservatism,” 104
- 9/11 attacks/war on terror and, 95, 106
- Rove and, 114
- Soros/partners efforts to defeat, 97, 106–111, 125
- Soros views on, 95, 100, 106, 119, 122, 124, 255
- Cafe Mienk, 25, 26
- Califano, Joseph, 103
- Calvinism, 220, 222, 232, 236
- Cambodian forests, 86
- cancel culture, 124
- Carlson, Tucker, 122
- Carnegie, Andrew, 73–74, 84, 157, 160–161
- Carter, Jimmy, 112
- Cassidy, John, 125
- Catalist, 113, 114, 130
- Center for American Progress, 112, 113
- Center for Community Change, 115
- Center for Court Innovation, 89
- Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 115
- Central European University (CEU)
- attacks on Soros and, 130, 174
- background, 158–159, 163–166
- Budapest, 167
- Budapest relocation and, 174–175
- curriculum/departments, 169–170
- demography changes/beginnings, 176
- description/need, 81
- dissidents and, 158–159
- effects on Soros, 187–188
- Fidesz regime “relations” and, 178–182, 183–184
- funding/Soros, 167, 170, 172–173, 187
- governance/Soros, 172
- Ignatieff and, xi, 182–183, 185
- “lex CEU” law/opposition, 184–186
- locations/openings, 167, 170, 253
- motive/goal for Soros, 159, 160–161, 166–168, 207
- Orbán attacks on, 184–185
- political climate (regional) and, 173–174, 177–186, 187–188
- shared accreditation/New York, 171
- Soros gatherings and, 203
- Soros not claiming credit, 94
- students, 170
- success and, viii, 171–172, 188
- unintended consequences and, 176–177, 188
- Vienna and, 186, 187
- Chen Feng, 191, 192–193, 194–197, 200–201, 202
- Chen Yizi, 189
- China
- beginning of Soros’s interest/history, 189–199, 201–202
- Cultural Revolution, 195
- entrepreneurs/foreign investors, 190, 194–196, 197–198
- “going out” policy, 200
- intellectual property and, 198
- leaving/closing Soros foundation, 144, 196, 199, 202
- limited access for Soros, 123
- name for/view of Soros, 190, 191
- Open Society Foundation and, 80, 144
- Soros visit (2005), 189, 191–193, 194–196, 197–199
- Soros warning on China/Xi, 201–202
- Xi/autocratic tendencies, 200–202
- China Fund, 189
- Church Peace Union, 160
- Citizens United v. FEC, 105
- Clausewitz, 142
- Clinton, Bill/administration, 88, 92, 107, 110, 112, 116, 124
- Clinton, Hillary, 96, 116, 255
- Cold War end
- Berlin Wall falling/consequences, 61, 80, 140, 149, 152–153, 167
- Soros and, 136–137, 140–141, 141, 143, 144–145, 175
- Soviet Union collapse, ix, 80, 143, 147, 175
- West and, 140–141, 143, 175
- Colom, Scott, 121
- Color of Change PAC, 129
- Community Change Action, 129
- Cornstein, David, 186
- Corruption Perception Index, 86
- COVID pandemic, 121, 124, 206
- Cracker Barrel customers, 114
- Creuzot, John, 121
- crime (US)
- city examples/symbols, 89
- Clinton administration crackdown on, 88
- “tough on crime” approach (since 1970s), 98
- See also drugs (US); prisons (US)
- criminal justice reform/Soros
- alternative sentencing programs, 121
- death penalty and, 119–120, 121, 122
- mass incarceration and, 119
- overcriminalization of America, 129
- overview, 119–122
- prosecutors and, 120–121
- stop-and-frisk policing, 119
- See also specific individuals
- Crisis of Global Capitalism, The: Open Society Endangered (Soros), ix
- criticism of Soros
- politics, 125–127
- See also attacks on Soros
- Critique of Pure Reason (Kant), 164
- Croatia, 173–174
- Csurka, István, 174
- Cullman, Dorothy/Lewis, 108
- Cultural revolution, China, 195
- currency pegs shift, 67–68
- Curtiz, Michael, 217
- Czech Republic, 80, 172, 174, 177, 180
- Czechoslovakia, 141, 173
- Dahrendorf, Ralf, 172
- de Blasio, Bill, 118
- Dehghani-Tafti, Parisa, 121
- democracy
- Soros on, 75–76
- See also open societies; Open Society Foundations
- Democracy Alliance
- activities, xi, 113–115, 129
- data and, 113–114
- members/contributions, xi, 108, 113–115
- Deutsche Bundesbank, 61–62, 63
- Die Sagen der Juden/The Myths of the Jews (Berdyczewski/Bin-Gorion), 239, 240–242
- disability rights, 95
- dos Santos, José Eduardo, 86
- Double Eagle, 46–47, 51, 70
- Dreams from My Father (Obama), 115, 116
- Dresdner Bank, 42
- Dreyfus Affair, 154
- Druckenmiller, Stanley
- Europe’s exchange-rate mechanism/crisis (1992), 61–67, 71
- Quantum Fund and, 39, 60–67, 70–71
- drugs (US)
- Baltimore/Open Society Foundation and, 89, 90–91
- drug sting/Black population, Tulia, Texas, 119
- injustices/inconsistencies and, 101
- Lindesmith Center/drug policy, 101
- Rockefeller drug laws, 120
- treatment vs. prison, 103, 104
- wars on drugs, 88, 89–90, 101, 103
- See also marijuana
- Dubrovnik, 173–174
- Dubrovnik seminars, 164–165, 166
- Dworkin, Ronald, 171
- Dylan, Jesse, 33
- East European Constitutional Review, 171–172
- Eastern Europe
- diversity fears, 152
- emigrating to West (after Berlin Wall collapse), 152
- immigrants/refugee crisis and, 151–153, 181
- 1989 revolutions, 81, 144–145, 152–153
- political émigré archetype, 141
- population declines with revolutions of 1989, 153
- populism/authoritarianism rise and, 151, 153, 173, 183–184
- regime longevity and, 188
- See also specific individuals
- Eastern Europe/Soros
- attacks on Soros, 150–155
- Berlin Wall collapse/Cold War end and, 136–137, 140–141, 144–145
- changing agenda, 142–143
- cosmopolitanism and, 133, 162
- current role, 131–132, 134
- mindset/suspicions of people and, 133
- move to London (1990) and, 144
- persecuted minorities and, 139, 149
- stateless statesman myth and, 146, 149
- See also specific components; specific countries/individuals
- Eastern European countries
- Open Society Foundation and, 77–82, 85
- See also specific countries
- ECU, 63
- Edmond de Rothschild Group, 70
- Edsall, Thomas, 110
- Egypt and Suez Canal, 41
- Eichmann, Adolf, 19, 242
- Eichmann in Jerusalem (Arendt), 244
- 8 O’Clock News (newspaper), 132
- Einstein, 70
- El Mirador, Southampton, 204–206
- Elkana, Yehuda, 154, 173, 177, 178
- Elon, Amos, 139
- Emily’s List, 107
- Emma Lazarus Fund, 92
- Enzensberger, Hans Magnus, 141–142
- Equal Justice Initiative, 93
- equilibrium theory of currency markets/dollar, 55–60
- Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip, 188
- Ericsson, 43
- Especially Good View, An: Watching History Happen (Osnos), ix
- Esperanto language/movement, 3–4, 6, 13, 134, 159–160, 169, 225–226
- euro, 61, 63, 68, 178, 187
- European Commission, 177–178
- European Community, 145
- European Council, 177–178
- European Court of Justice, 186
- European Humanities University, Minsk, 175
- European Parliament, 177–178
- European Union (EU), 145, 154, 177–178, 180, 181, 186
- European University, St. Petersburg, 175
- Europe’s exchange-rate mechanism/crisis (1992)
- British pound/sterling, 62, 63–67, 99, 158
- France/franc and, 67, 68
- German unification/effects, 61–62
- Germany/interest rates and, 61–62, 63, 64
- harm from, 62
- Italian lira/currency, 62, 63, 64, 67
- overview, 61–67, 68, 71
- Soros/Quantum, 61–67, 68, 71, 99
- Sweden/krona, 67
- exchange rates, 41, 55, 60, 61, 63, 65, 66, 159
- Fair Fight, 118
- Farkas, Gyorgi, 6
- Federalist Society, 112, 113
- “fertile fallacy,” 143
- Fiat car company, 66–67
- Fidesz party, 178–179, 180, 181, 183, 186
- finances
- dollar-gold link, 37, 44, 55
- dollar significance, 37
- financiers need to adapt, 43–44
- situation in 1950s, 37
- finances/Soros
- boom-bust cycle in US conglomerates and, 48–51
- British pound/sterling, 62, 63–67, 99, 158
- conflict of interest, 51
- diary, 54–55
- global outlook, 37–38, 40, 42–43, 58, 59, 67
- hedge funds, 44–47, 51
- language skills and, 43
- McLean Trucking/future theory and, 45–46
- market instability, 38–39
- model portfolio/sixteen “slots,” 44–47
- money relationship, 157–158
- philosophical training and, 43, 45–51
- qualities/beliefs summary, 37–40
- reputation as financial wizard, 250–251
- risk taking/risk assessment, 39–40, 52–54, 56–58, 59, 60, 63–65, 67
- vanity and, 70
- See also specific companies; specific events
- financial crisis (2000s), 117, 178
- Financial Times, 53, 117, 189, 205, 209
- Finnish people/Soros donation, 7, 132–133
- First Eagle, 46
- Fischer, Iván, 251
- Fish, Hamilton, V, 99–100
- Floyd, George, 96, 124
- F. M. Mayer, 41
- Foglia, Alberto, 44, 45
- Foglia, Antonio, 45
- Foley, Katherine, 210–211
- Ford, Henry/heirs, 73–74
- Ford Foundation, xi, 73–74, 85, 89, 91–92, 94
- Ford Motor Company, 41
- Fortune, 44, 46
- Fox News, 113, 124
- Foxx, Kim, 121
- Franz Joseph, Emperor, 223
- French revolution, 153, 235
- Freud, 32, 45
- Frydman, Roman, 170, 172
- Fujimori, Alberto, 87
- Fukuyama, Francis, 140
- future, remembering the future, 2, 55
- Gardner, Kim, 121
- Gaspard, Patrick, 111
- Gates, Bill, 84
- Gates, Bill and Melinda Foundation, 74, 93, 145
- Gates, Frederick Taylor, 84
- Gellner, Ernest, 140, 170
- Gentleman’s Agreement (film), 248–249
- ghettos and Holocaust/anti-Semitism, 19, 23, 25, 28, 235
- Gillum, Andrew, 118
- Gingrich, Newt, 122, 124
- Ginsberg, Asher Zvi, 240
- Giuliani, Rudolph, 124
- Glantz, Gina, 107–108, 110–111
- Glaser, Rob, 108
- glasnost, ix, 165
- Global Witness, 86
- globalization
- finances/Soros global outlook, 37–38, 40, 42–43, 58, 59, 67
- global comparisons/inequality and, 152
- Golden Ding Club, 194, 195, 202
- Goldwater, Barry, 103
- Golob, Paul, viii
- Göncz, Árpád, 252
- Gorbachev, Mikhail, 141, 142, 165
- Gore, Al, 107
- Gospel of Wealth, The (Carnegie), 74
- Great Society programs, 111
- Green Revolution, 74
- Greenpeace, 86
- Greskovits, Béla, 179
- Grossman, Alexander, 224–225
- Grove, Andrew, 159, 217, 252
- Guantanamo Bay detention camp, 106
- Gupta, Vanita, 119
- Ha’am, Ahad, 240
- “Habsburg dilemma,” 140
- Hague, The, international tribunal, 160
- Hainan Airlines, 189, 191, 192, 195, 196, 197, 200
- Haiti, 116
- Halperin, Morton, 100
- Hanák, Péter, 169, 170
- Harvard Business Review Press, ix
- Hauser, Arnold, 217
- Havel, Václav, 174
- Health Care for America Now!, 128
- Hebrew language, 14
- hedge (hedged) fund
- beginnings, 44
- Soros and, 44–47
- Hegel, 140
- Heine, Heinrich, 223
- Helsinki Accords, 135–136
- Helsinki Watch, 135
- See also Human Rights Watch
- “Hep-Hep” slogan/riots, 234, 235
- Heritage Foundation, 112
- “heroes of retreat,” 141–142
- Herzl, Theodor, 224, 240
- Higher Education Support Program, 175, 176
- Hitler, 14, 27–28, 83
- HNA Group, 197, 200
- Hoffman, Eva, x–xi
- Hoffman, Reid, 125
- Hogan, Frank, 120
- Holmes, Stephen, 170
- Holocaust
- ghettos and, 19, 23, 25, 28, 235
- heroic figures, 24
- Hungary, 12, 15–16, 17–28, 218, 232–233, 234, 235, 242–243, 244
- Jewish Councils and, 17–18, 23, 244
- Jewish Houses, 23
- Jewish successful integration and, 139
- Jewish survivors blame and, 139
- “laughing Jew” trope and, 184
- significance to individuals, 2
- United States and, 15, 19
- Yellow Star houses, 23
- yellow Star of David, 23
- See also specific individuals/locations
- Homestead Strike, 157
- Hopkins, Johns, 157
- Horthy, Miklós, 14, 24–25, 160, 220, 232, 233
- Hoyer, Steny, 100
- Hu Jintao, 189–190
- Human Condition, The (Arendt), 215–216
- human rights evolution, 135
- Human Rights Watch, viii, 83, 92, 135, 163, 191, 202
- See also Helsinki Watch
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences / George Soros Foundation, 78, 163
- Hungarian Revolution (1848), 219, 221, 227, 233
- Hungary
- anti-communist uprising/crushing, 32, 78, 79, 141
- Arrow Cross Party, 13, 22, 25, 218, 233, 238, 242
- citizenship proof, 12–13, 18–20, 21–22, 25–27
- Compromise (1867)
- consequences, 217
- copying machines/effects, 79–80, 163–164
- Dual Monarchy, 217–218, 221, 223
- “Goulash Communism,” 78
- Holocaust/anti-Semitism, 12, 15–16, 17–28, 218, 232–233, 234, 235, 242–243
- language and, 13–14
- last visit, Soros, 182–183
- Open Society Foundation/Soros philanthropy and, 77–80, 144, 251–252
- population decline (2010s), 153
- post-World War II, 28–29
- Soros as celebrity, 251
- Soros identity, 159–160, 182
- World War II and, 11, 12–13, 14–16, 17–29
- See also Central European University; Jews/Hungary; specific individuals/locations
- Ickes, Harold, 107, 108, 109
- Ignatieff, Michael, xi, 182–183, 185
- illiberalism described, 151–152
- immigrants/rights
- after 9/11, 95
- Clinton administration, 92
- Orbán and, 181, 183, 186
- Patriot Act and, 95
- refugee crisis and Eastern Europe, 151–153, 181
- Syrian refugees, 181
- Imrédy, Béla, 11
- In Defense of Open Society (Soros), 204
- Indonesia, 87
- Institutional Investor, 52
- Intel, 159, 217
- International Criminal Court, 136
- International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, 136
- internationalism and Soros, 136, 142, 150, 151, 159, 160, 239, 253
- investments, Soros on, 161
- Iraq War opposition, 110
- Iron Curtain, 74
- Israel
- Arabs/Palestinians and, 256
- Soros and, 255–256
- See also Zionism
- Jan Hus Educational Foundation, 163
- Jászi, Oscar, 224
- Jewish Board of Guardians, London, 246
- Jewish Councils and Holocaust, 17–18, 23, 244
- Jewish identity/Soros
- acceptance, 213, 252
- America, 257
- childhood/youth and, 213–214, 215–217, 237
- as Hungarian Jew, 252, 253, 257
- Susan Weber marriage/sons and, 250
- Switzerland skiing incident (1949), 213–214
- World War II and, 214, 215
- Jewish Legends (Buber), 13
- Jewish Life in Words and Pictures/Jüdisches Leben in Wort und Bild (Sacher-Masoch), 229–231, 233
- Jews
- in America, 248–250
- Black people and, 249–250
- circumcision and, 216
- conversion rates/Vienna, 246–247
- “laughing Jew” trope, 184, 254
- Nazis on, 249
- New York and, 250
- See also anti-Semitism; Holocaust; specific individuals
- Jews/Hungary
- anti-Semitism/anti-Jewish laws, 11–13, 15–29, 215, 218, 219, 221, 222–223, 224–225, 226, 232–237, 238, 242–243, 247, 254
- Arrow Cross Party and, 13, 22, 25, 218, 233, 238, 242
- Budapest Jews, 217, 218–219
- changing names, 222, 228–229
- contrast with Poland, 219–220, 226–227, 232
- deportation to Ukraine, 12
- history overview, 217, 219–232
- Holocaust and, 15, 17–28, 218, 232–233, 242–243, 244
- Hungarian language, 219, 221, 228
- Magyarization and, 219, 221, 227–228, 232, 233, 238
- Neolog Judaism, 228–229, 231, 232, 236–237, 241, 252
- official Jewish organizations/Holocaust and, 17–18, 23, 243, 244
- religious reform/conversion, 221, 222–223, 225, 227, 228–229, 231, 232, 236–237, 241, 252
- statistics, 217–219, 221
- World War II and, 218, 242–245
- See also Holocaust; specific individuals
- Jobs, Laurene Powell, 96
- John Paul, II, Pope, ix
- Johnson, Lyndon, 111
- Johnson, Rob, 117
- Johnson, Robert, 63–64
- József, Attila, 182
- Jüdisches Leben in Wort und Bild/Jewish Life in Words and Pictures (Sacher-Masoch), 229–231, 233
- justice. See criminal justice reform/Soros
- Justice and Public Safety PAC, 120–121, 122
- Kaczyński, Jarosław, 180, 188
- Kádár, János, 251
- Kálmán, Emmerich, 217
- Kant, Immanuel, 164
- Kaufman, Michael, 8, 10, 40, 164, 193
- Kemp, Brian, 118
- Kennedy, John F., 44
- Kerry, John, 97, 109, 111
- Kertész, André, 217
- Kertész, Imre, 217
- Keynes, John Maynard, 70, 137
- Kieslowski, Krzysztof, 155
- Kis, János, 164, 169, 170
- Kissinger, Henry, 46, 198–199
- Klaniczay, Gábor, 168, 169, 170
- Klaus, Václav, 174, 180
- Klein, Gyorgi, 18
- Koch brothers/network, 114, 126, 127
- Kontler, László, 166–167
- Kossuth, Lajos, 219, 227, 229, 233
- Kovner, Bruce, 55, 66
- Kozma, Lajos, 20, 23, 26–27
- Krasner, Larry, 121
- Krastev, Ivan, xi
- Kun, Béla, 221, 225
- Kurtág, György, 217
- Laborey, Annette, 163
- Lake, Celinda, 102
- LaMarche, Gara, 92, 93
- Lamont, Norman, 66
- Laski, Harold, 31
- László, Bíró, 217
- Latin American defaults/effects, 56, 57
- Latvia population decline, 153
- Legal Defense and Educational Fund, NAACP, 94, 119
- Lepenies, Wolf, 172
- Lewis, Peter B.
- Democracy Alliance, 112, 113, 114
- drug policy and, 102–104, 108
- election work, 109, 110
- LGBTQ community
- Briggs Initiative, California, 102
- Open Society Foundation, 92–93
- liberals-nationalists relationships, 153–154
- Lifetime Cultivation of Body and Soul (Chen), 193
- Ligeti, György, 217
- Lindesmith, Alfred, 101
- Lithuania population decline, 153
- Lockheed, 53
- London School of Economics, 31, 37, 38, 75, 137, 147, 158, 161, 246
- Loscalzo, Matthew, 211
- LTV Corporation, 49
- Lueger, Karl, 223
- Lukács, György, 217
- Lupa News (newspaper), 7
- Lutz, Carl, 24
- Ma, Jack, 190, 200–201
- Magyar, Bálint, 182
- Mahathir bin Mohamad, 87
- Major, John, 66
- Malaysia, 87
- Malcolm, Ellen, 107–108, 109
- Mallaby, Sebastian, xi
- Mandatory Palestine, 24
- Mandela, Nelson
- apartheid South Africa/prison, 76
- release from prison, 83
- Mannheim, Karl, 217, 257
- Mao Zedong, 198–199
- Marcos, Ferdinand, 123
- marijuana
- ballot initiatives, 102–104
- dropping misdemeanor cases, 121
- legalization/efforts to legalize, 95, 102–104
- medicinal purposes, 101
- risks/arrests and, 101
- marriage equality, 95
- Martin, Trayvon, 95–96
- Marx, Karl, 257
- “masochism” origins, 229
- Masquerade (Tivadar Soros), 4, 13, 16, 17, 19, 24, 28, 238
- foreword (George Soros), 2, 4–5
- McCain-Feingold campaign finance reforms, 97, 105–106, 107–108
- McCain Institute, 127
- McCain, Senator, 127
- McDonald, Laquan, 121
- McKay, Rob, 108
- McLuhan, Marshall, 131n
- Mečiar, Vladimír, 173, 180
- Media Fund, 108, 109, 110
- Media Matters for America, 113, 124
- medieval history, 168–169
- Mendelssohn, Felix, 223
- Mendelssohn, Moses, 227, 257
- Merkel, Angela, 181
- midterm elections (US/2010), 126
- Mirabaud, Pierre, 161
- Mitteleuropa, 2–3
- Moholy-Nagy, László, 217
- Molière, 137
- Mondale, Walter, 107
- Morales, Stephanie, 121
- Morgan Stanley, New York, 42
- Morgenthau, Robert, 120
- Morris, Diana, 89
- Mortimer, Joanne, 211
- Moscow foundation, 147
- Moses, Robert Parris, 105
- Moskovitz, Dustin, 125
- Mossad, 213
- MoveOn.org, 110
- Moyers, Bill, 105, 111, 112, 113
- Moyn, Samuel, 135
- Mugabe, Robert, 87
- Munk, Peter, 159
- Musil, Jiří, 168
- Muslims, discrimination against, 95
- Myths of the Jews, The/Die Sagen der Juden (Berdyczewski/Bin-Gorion), 239, 240–242
- NAACP, Legal Defense and Educational Fund, 94, 119
- Nadelmann, Ethan
- criminal justice reform, 120
- drug policy and, 101, 102–103, 104
- Lindesmith Center/drug policy, 101
- Open Society Institute, 88
- Nagy, Imre, 79
- Nana (Zola), 230
- Napoleon, 235
- NASCAR fans, 114
- Nastase, Ilie, 52
- National Committee for Responsive Philanthropy (NCRP) report (late 1990s), 111
- National Memorial for Peace and Justice, 93
- nationalists-liberals relationships, 153–154
- Neier, Aryeh
- Baifang Schell and, 202
- fighting corruption, 86
- Human Rights Watch, 83
- Soros/Open Society Foundation and, 83–84, 86, 88, 91, 135, 136
- Neolog Judaism, 228–229, 231, 232, 236–237, 241, 252
- New Georgia Project, 118
- New Jim Crow, The (Alexander), 93, 119
- New York Times, 89, 103, 106, 205
- New Yorker, The, 125, 149
- Newsmax, 124
- Newton-Smith, William
- CEU and, 167, 168, 172
- Dubrovnik seminars, 165
- Soros and, 163, 165, 168
- 9/11 attacks, 95, 106
- Nixon, Richard, 88, 101, 198–199
- “No” campaign, Chile, 123
- Norquist, Grover, 125
- Northspan Uranium, 41–42
- Novick, Tom, 107
- Obama, Barack
- Orbán and, 183
- presidency/administration, 111, 117–118, 119, 128, 183
- Soros and, 98, 111, 115–118, 128, 129, 255
- oil stocks (1950s), 41
- Olin Foundation, 112
- Olympics (1936), 6
- open societies
- concept, 75–76
- as critique of fascism/communism, 248
- Jewish identity/Soros and, 215
- origins of, 139–140, 214
- See also Popper, Karl
- Open Society and Its Enemies (Popper), 137, 138, 161–162, 246, 248
- Open Society Foundations
- art centers, 80, 82
- beginning motive, 75
- beginning name, 75
- campaign finance reform and, 105–106
- closing offices, Budapest, 186
- impoverished countries/with natural resources and, 86
- locations (by 1989/1993), 80
- open society concept, 75–76
- policy branch, Washington, 95, 100, 119
- significance of, viii
- Soros background and, 19, 34
- Soros on, 81–82
- torture and, 9
- transpositions of ideas/practices and, 143
- travel grants and, 77–78
- United States/beginnings, xi, 87–89
- See also philanthropy/Soros; specific individuals; specific locations
- Open Society Institute, 84, 88, 89, 196
- Open Society University Network, 187
- Orbán, Viktor
- attacks on CEU, 184–185
- attacks on Soros, x, 130, 180–181, 183–184, 186, 254
- becoming prime minister (2010), 178–179
- as dissident/speech, 165
- fellowship/Soros and, x, 153–154, 165, 180, 254
- immigrants and, 181, 183, 186
- political views/as leader, x, 153, 179–186
- as prime minister (1998–2002), 179
- Soros criticism of, 181
- Osiatyński, Wiktor, 171
- Osnos, Peter L. W., viii–ix
- Palkovics, László, 183
- Pataki, George, 99
- Patricof, Alan, 113
- Patriot Act (US), 95, 106
- Peking Union Medical College, 74
- Pelosi, Nancy, 100, 109
- Pentagon weaponry/speculation, 52–53
- perestroika, ix, 165
- Peru, 87
- Petschauer, Attila, 217
- philanthropy/philanthropists
- Center for Effective Philanthropy report, 94
- “egos and logos” problem, 94
- examples, 73–74
- as global, 74
- messianic sensibility and, 145
- multiyear/unrestricted funding, 94
- university founders, 157
- See also specific individuals
- philanthropy/Soros
- beginnings/timing, 74–75, 162–163
- comparisons to other philanthropists, 73–74, 84, 91
- education importance, 77–78, 79–80, 81, 89, 91, 175
- fighting corruption, 86–87, 150
- first donation/Finnish people, 7, 132–133
- gatherings/guests, 203–208
- hope and, 199
- human dignity and, 135
- humanitarian spending and, 148–149
- impact vs. approval, 75, 82–83, 85–86, 94
- as influence/legacy (summary), 96
- keeping “day job” and, 84
- local knowledge and, 144, 148, 149
- messianic sensibility and, 145
- motives/significance, 162–163, 190–191, 193–194, 202–208
- move to London (1989), 60–61
- network of networks and, 190–191, 203–211
- Quantum Fund role change and, 60–61
- racism understanding, 77
- recognizing mistakes and, 146
- Sarajevo, 146, 148–149
- scale, 74
- Soros reactions, 82–83
- Soviet Union scientists and, 146–148
- vision, 73, 74, 85, 91, 95, 158
- See also Central European University (CEU); Open Society Foundations; specific components
- Pinochet, Augusto, 123
- Pithart, Petr, 167, 174
- Plank, The (newspaper), 3–4
- Planned Parenthood, 109–110, 128, 129
- Platform Books, ix
- Plaza Accord/Soros bet against dollar, 58–60, 66
- Plaza Hotel, New York, 58
- Podesta, John, 112
- Poland
- anthem, 133
- anti-Semitism, 218, 220, 226–227
- emigration/demographic changes, 153
- Jewish populations, 218
- Open Society Foundation, 77–78, 80, 82
- Polish Jews compared to Hungarian Jews, 219–220, 226–227, 232
- Solidarity movement, 78
- Polanyi, Michael/Karl, 217
- politics/Soros
- America Votes, 109–110, 128
- change beginnings (1999), 99–100
- contributions/organization, 99–100
- contributions (pre-2000), 98, 99
- criminal justice reform, 119–122
- criticism of Soros, 125–127
- data importance, 113–114, 128
- description/politics (pre-2000), 98
- efforts to defeat Bush/second term, 97, 106–111, 125
- emerging leaders and, 115–118
- global activities, 122–123
- Iraq war and, 110
- legacy, 127–130
- money in politics and, 98, 127
- MoveOn.org, 110
- presidential election night (US/2004), 97
- public image (1990s), 99
- right-wing attacks, 122, 123
- on right-wing money motives, 127
- summary, 97–98
- views on Republican Party, 127
- See also attacks on Soros; marijuana; specific components; specific individuals/organizations
- Ponzi dynamic, 50
- Pope, Carl, 107, 108, 109
- Popper, Karl
- comparison with Soros, 138, 247
- correspondence/meeting Soros (late 1970s), 137–138
- parents and, 246–247, 257
- philosophy, ix, 38, 47, 75, 124, 137, 138, 139–140, 142–143, 143, 165–166, 248
- Soros and, 31–32, 38, 47, 75, 124, 137–138, 161–162, 165–166, 246, 247–248, 251, 257
- Popper-Lynkeus, Joseph, 247
- Powell, Lewis F., 111–112
- prisons (US)
- Baltimore and, 89
- Equal Justice Initiative, 93
- mass incarceration and, 119
- as race-/class-based, 93
- Prohászka family, 22–23
- Project on Death in America, 95, 100–101, 210
- Project Syndicate, 172
- Proposition 13, California, 102
- prosecutors
- attacks on, 122
- numbers/tenure, 120
- See also specific individuals
- Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The, 254
- PublicAffairs, ix
- Public Campaign, 105
- Putin, Vladimir, 189–190
- Quakers, 147
- Quantum Fund
- Europe’s exchange-rate mechanism/crisis (1992), 61–67, 68, 71
- finances and, 52–54
- following/Europe’s exchange-rate mechanism/crisis (1992), 67–70
- See also finances/Soros; Soros Fund Management
- Quinn, Laura, 130
- Radek, Karl, 131
- Rákosi, Mátyás, 225
- Rand, Ayn, 96
- Reagan, Ronald, 56, 57, 101
- Red Cross, 23
- reflexivity/reflexivity cycle, 209, 215
- equilibrium theory of currency markets, 56, 58, 59–60
- people’s expectations and, 138, 209
- Soros and, x, 31–32, 39–40, 49–50, 53, 56
- Reiner, Fritz, 217
- Reiner, Rob, 113
- Research Support Scheme, 175
- Rév, István, 166, 168
- revolutions
- 1989 revolutions/Eastern Europe, 81, 144–145, 152–153
- color revolutions (Georgia, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan), 150, 189–190
- demographic disruptions with, 153
- Soros views on, 138
- See also specific revolutions
- Richards, Ann, 109
- Richards, Cecile, 109–110, 128
- right-wing talk radio, 113, 124
- Robben Island, South Africa, 76
- robber barons, 157
- See also specific individuals
- Robertson, Julian, 71
- Rockefeller drug laws, 120
- Rockefeller, John D./foundations, 73–74, 84, 91, 93, 143, 157
- Rockefeller, Nelson, 98, 120
- Rockefeller University, 84
- Rockefeller, Winthrop, 108
- Rogers, Jim, 51, 52–53, 54
- Rolls-Royce, 53
- Roma community, 139, 251
- Roosevelt, Franklin D., 15, 116
- Rosé, Arnold, 246
- Rosen, Berlin, 121
- Rosenthal, A. M., 103
- Rosenthal, Steve, 107, 108, 109, 110
- Rosicrucianism, 237
- Roth, Joseph, 224
- Rothman, David, 88
- Rove, Karl, 114
- Russia
- attacks on Soros/anti-Semitism, 253–254
- corruption/oligarchs, 87
- Open Society Foundation and, 187, 199
- Ryan, Alan, 88
- Sacher-Masoch, Leopold von, 229–231, 233, 242
- Sajó, András, 168, 171–172
- Sakharov, Andrei, ix, 33, 142
- Sanders, Bernie, 96
- Sandler, Marion/Herbert, 112
- Sarajevo, 146, 148–149
- Scaife Foundation, 112
- Scanlon, Tim, 88, 134
- Schell, Baifang, xi, 202, 210–211
- Schell, Orville, xi
- China/Soros and, 189, 190–193, 194–196
- son on Soros gatherings, 207–208
- support from Soros, 210–211
- Schell, Orville, Jr., 202
- Schiller, Friedrich, 230, 231, 242
- Schlesinger, Helmut, 63, 64
- Schlick, Moritz, 247
- Schmitt, Mark, 105–106
- Schmoke, Kurt, 89
- Schoenberg, Arnold, 246
- Schumann Foundation, 105
- Scott, MacKenzie, 96
- Scott, Rick, 122
- SEIU. See Service Employees International Union
- Serbians/forces, 148, 173–174
- Service Employees International Union (SEIU), 107, 108, 129
- S.G. Warburg, London, 42
- Shanghai Cooperation Organization meeting, 189–190
- Shattuck, John, 182
- Shey, Chauncey, 190
- Sierra Club, 107
- Singer & Friedlander, London, 40–41, 43
- SKF, 43
- Slovakia, 80, 172, 173, 177, 180, 218, 237
- Soares, David, 120
- Solidarity movement, Poland, 78
- Solti, Georg, 217, 222
- Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 142
- Somfai, László, 251–252
- Soros, Alexander (son), 116, 150, 250, 256
- Soros, Annaliese (first wife), 250
- Soros, Erzebet (mother)
- character/description, 5, 7, 13, 21–22, 237
- death/effects on George, 95, 100–101, 210
- marriage/relationship, 5, 10, 35
- mother of, 21, 28, 237
- relationship with George, 9
- United States and, 32, 237
- World War II and, 21–22, 25, 237, 242, 245
- See also Soros family
- Soros, George
- bar mitzvah/Hebrew classes, 13, 14, 216
- birth/location, 1, 216
- brother relationship, 8–9
- college and, 31
- descriptions/activities, 2, 5, 6–7
- “far-from-equilibrium situations,” 138
- father relationship/influence, x, 7–8, 9, 16, 19, 27–28, 29, 32–33, 133–134, 138, 159–160, 215, 239, 241–244, 245, 248, 252, 256
- Jewish identity and, 213–214, 215–217, 237
- languages, 13
- letters to family/example, 30–31
- London/education, 30–32, 138, 246
- move to United States, 32, 41
- philanthropy beginnings, 7
- psychoanalysis, 32, 34, 54
- remembering the future, 2, 55
- tennis and, 6, 204
- World War II/following, 1–2, 16, 17, 20–21, 22–23, 26, 27–28, 34–35, 39, 74, 133, 139, 198, 245
- See also Soros family; specific individuals
- Soros, Jonathan (son), 99, 113
- Soros, Paul (brother)
- anti-Semitism, 248–249
- birth, 3
- brother relationship, 8–9
- childhood/youth, 6, 7–9, 12, 216
- memoir of, 3, 8
- on prewar Budapest, 3
- skiing, 10
- Torah and, 250
- United States and, 32, 34, 248–249
- World War II and, 2, 21, 25, 27, 29, 245
- See also Soros family
- Soros, Robert (son), 99
- Soros, Susan (wife). See Weber, Susan
- Soros, Tivadar (father)
- America and, 32, 239
- on anti-Semitism, 12
- anti-Semitism/Holocaust and, 16, 17–29, 234, 238
- birth/childhood, 217, 220, 234
- change in, following World War I, 4–5, 16
- character/knowledge and values, 3, 4–6, 7–8, 13, 14–15, 16, 24, 32, 134, 215, 216, 237–239, 240, 241–242, 243, 244, 248, 256
- death/effects on George, 100–101
- escape during World War I and return home, 4
- Esperanto language/movement, 3–4, 6, 134, 159–160, 226, 238
- false identity papers/hiding arrangements, 18–29
- father-in-law’s businesses and, 5, 216
- flirtations, 10, 35
- following World War II and, 29
- Hungarian identity, 238–239
- Jewish tradition and, 13
- lawyer background, 3, 4, 216, 236, 247
- lessons from World War I, 4–5, 16, 33
- marriage/relationship, 5, 10, 35
- Neolog Judaism/Judaism and, 238, 241–242, 252
- relationship with sons, x, 4, 7–9, 32–33
- Russian capture during World War I and, 3–4, 216
- World War I stories and, 134
- See also Soros family; specific individuals
- Soros family
- anti-Semitism/Holocaust and, 11, 12, 13, 15–29
- changing name/name meanings, 5–6, 160, 222
- excursions/activities, 9, 10–11
- German soldier during World War II and, 27–28
- hiding and false identity papers, 18–28, 214, 242
- Lupa Island cottage/activities, 6–8
- as nonobservant Jews/Jewish holidays, 216
- Orthodox Jewish relatives, 216, 237
- See also specific individuals
- Soros Fund Management
- Arab-Israeli War (1973) effects, 52–53
- beginnings, 51
- CEU endowment and, 178
- early years/stress, 53–54
- See also finances/Soros; Quantum Fund
- Soros Justice Fellowship, 119
- Soros on Soros (Soros), 125
- South Africa
- apartheid system, 76, 83, 163, 239
- housing issues, 85
- multiracial democracy transition, 83
- Open Society Foundation, 76–77, 78, 83, 85, 141
- Soweto township/riots, 76
- South Korea currency, 68–69
- Southwood, Richard, 170
- Soviet Union
- collapse, ix, 80, 143, 147, 175
- Helsinki Accords, 136–137
- Open Society Foundation and, 33
- scientists and philanthropy/Soros, 146–148
- watches and, 33
- World War II and, 24, 26–27
- See also Soros, Tivadar/World War I
- speculation
- governments vs., 66, 67–68, 71
- harm caused, 62, 66, 68–69, 71
- speculation/Soros
- denouncing speculation/split-personality on, 68–70
- Europe’s exchange-rate mechanism/crisis (1992), 61–67
- legacy summary, 71–72
- Plaza Accord/trade, 58–60, 66
- Russia and, 69
- See also specific examples
- Sperber, Dan, 177
- Sperling, John, 103–104
- Spinoza, Baruch, 257
- Spitz, Louis, 228–229
- Stalin, 131, 225
- Standard Oil, 157
- Stanford, Leland, 157
- Stein, Rob, Democracy Alliance, 112, 113, 114, 115
- Steinhardt, Michael, 47, 71
- Steitz, Mark, 107, 111
- Stepan, Alfred, 171, 172, 173
- Stern, Andrew (“Andy”)
- Democracy Alliance, 112
- efforts to defeat Bush, 107, 109
- politics/Soros, 129, 130
- Stevenson, Bryan, 92–93
- Stewart, James, 121
- Steyer, Tom, 128
- Stryker, Jon, 96
- Students for a Democratic Society, 83
- Sturz, Herb, 88–89
- Suez Canal, 41
- Suharto, 87
- Summers, Larry, 117
- Supek, Ivan, 165
- Supportive Care Program, 210–211
- Sussman, Donald, 125
- Szálasi, Ferenc, 25, 218
- Széchenyi, István, Count, 233
- Széchenyi, László, Count, 233
- Szell, George, 217
- Szigeti, Joseph, 217
- Szilard, Leo, 217, 229
- Szilard, Louis, 228–229
- Szucs, Erzebet, 5
- See also Soros, Erzebet
- Szucs, Mor, 5
- Talbott, Strobe, 149
- Taylor, Breonna, 96
- Taylor, Charles, 163
- Tea Party wave, 126
- Teledyne, 49
- Teleki, Pál, Count, 11, 232
- Thai baht devaluation, 68
- Three Colors (film trilogy), 155
- Tian, Edward, 190
- Tiananmen Square, 144
- Tiger Management, 71
- Tocqueville, 250
- Torah, 250
- Transcon, 46
- Transparency International, 86
- Treaty of Trianon/“Trianon trauma,” 11, 218
- Treisman, Uri, 104–105
- Trianon, Treaty of Trianon/“Trianon trauma,” 11, 218
- tribalism
- closed societies and, 154
- universalism vs., 139–140
- Trichet, Jean-Claude, 68
- Trump, Donald/administration
- death penalty and, 120
- Orbán and, 183, 186
- resistance to, 121, 124, 127
- Soros views of, 255
- Two Sources of Morality and Religion, The (Bergson), 214
- Tymas, Whitney, 121, 122
- Vachon, Michael, x, 115, 118, 126–127
- Varnhagen, Rahel, 223
- Vasarhelyi, Miklos, 79–80
- Vera Institute of Justice, 89
- Vilakazi, Herbert, 76
- Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act (US/1994), 88
- von Neumann, John, 217
- voting
- behavior predictions/data use, 113–114
- niche audiences/campaigning, 114
- voting rights
- Fair Fight, 118
- Open Society Foundation, 93–94
- suppression of Black votes and, 93–94
- Voting Rights Act (US), 94
- Vrba-Wetzler Report, 18
- Wade, Henry, 120
- Walgreen Lectures, 215–216
- Walker, Darren, xi
- Wallenberg, Raoul, 24
- Walmart, 40
- Walton, Sam, 40
- Wang Jianlin, 201
- war on terror, 95
- warranties, 42
- Warren Court 1960s rulings, 112
- wars on drugs, 88, 89, 101, 103
- Washington Post, The, 110
- Weber, Susan, 250
- Weber, Murray, 250
- wedding of Soros/Bolton, 208
- Weiner, Leó, 217
- Wertheim & Co., 42, 44
- What We Owe to Each Other (Scanlon), 134
- White (film), 155
- Wiley, Maya, 118
- Williams, Bernard, 88
- Wilson, Woodrow, 116
- Win Justice, 129
- Working Families Party, 120
- World Economic Forum, Davos, 102, 201–202
- World Health Organization, 74
- World Trade Organization, 186
- World War II
- Budapest and, 16, 17–18, 23–28
- Hungary and, 11, 12–13, 14–16, 17–29
- invasion of Yugoslavia/Soviet Union, 11
- Nazi’s sadistic practices, 245
- significance to individuals, 2
- suicides, 11, 19
- talented/creative generation and, 34–35
- See also Holocaust; specific events; specific groups/individuals
- Xi Jinping, 200–202
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