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IBM FlashSystem Best Practices and Performance Guidelines
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Preface
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Chapter 2. Storage area network
2.1 SAN topology general guidelines
2.1.1 SAN performance and scalability
2.1.2 ISL considerations
2.2 SAN topology-specific guidelines
2.2.1 Single switch SANs
2.2.2 Basic core-edge topology
2.2.3 Edge-core-edge topology
2.2.4 Full MeSH topology
2.2.5 IBM FlashSystem as a SAN bridge
2.2.6 Device placement
2.2.7 SAN partitioning
2.3 IBM FlashSystem 9200 controller ports
2.3.1 Slots and ports identification
2.3.2 Port naming and distribution
2.4 Zoning
2.4.1 Types of zoning
2.4.2 Pre-zoning tips and shortcuts
2.4.3 IBM FlashSystem 9200 internode communications zones
2.4.4 IBM FlashSystem 9200 host zones
2.5 Distance extension for Remote Copy services
2.5.1 Optical multiplexors
2.5.2 Long-distance SFPs or XFPs
2.5.3 Fibre Channel over IP
2.5.4 SAN extension with Business Continuity configurations
2.5.5 Native IP replication
2.6 Tape and disk traffic that share the SAN
2.7 Switch interoperability
Chapter 3. Storage backend
3.1 Internal storage types
3.1.1 NVMe storage
3.1.2 SAS drives
3.1.3 Internal storage considerations
3.2 Arrays
3.2.1 Supported RAID types
3.2.2 Array considerations
3.2.3 Compressed array monitoring
3.3 General external storage considerations
3.3.1 Storage controller path selection
3.3.2 Guidelines for creating optimal backend configuration
3.3.3 Considerations for compressing and deduplicating back-end
3.4 Controller-specific considerations
3.4.1 Considerations for DS8000 series
3.4.2 Considerations for IBM XIV Storage System
3.4.3 Considerations for IBM FlashSystem A9000/A9000R
3.4.4 Considerations for FlashSystem 5000, 5100, 7200, 9100, and 9200
3.4.5 Considerations for IBM FlashSystem 900
3.4.6 Path considerations for third-party storage with EMC VMAX and Hitachi Data Systems
3.5 Quorum disks
Chapter 4. Storage pools
4.1 Introduction to pools
4.1.1 Standard pool
4.1.2 Data reduction pools
4.1.3 Standard pools versus data reduction pools
4.1.4 Data reduction estimation tools
4.1.5 Understanding capacity use in a data reduction pool
4.2 Storage pool planning considerations
4.2.1 Planning for availability
4.2.2 Planning for performance
4.2.3 Planning for capacity
4.2.4 Extent size considerations
4.2.5 External pools
4.3 Data reduction pools best practices
4.3.1 Data reduction pools with IBM FlashSystem NVMe attached drives
4.3.2 DRP and external storage considerations
4.3.3 Data reduction pools and VMware vVols
4.3.4 Data reduction pool configuration limits
4.3.5 DRP provisioning considerations
4.3.6 Standard and DRP pools coexistence
4.3.7 Data migration with DRP
4.4 Operations with storage pools
4.4.1 Creating data reduction pools
4.4.2 Adding external MDisks to existing storage pools
4.4.3 Renaming MDisks
4.4.4 Removing MDisks from existing storage pools
4.4.5 Remapping managed MDisks
4.4.6 Controlling extent allocation order for volume creation
4.5 Considerations when using encryption
4.5.1 General considerations
4.5.2 Hardware and software encryption
4.5.3 Encryption at rest with USB keys
4.5.4 Encryption at rest with key servers
4.6 Easy Tier, tiered and balanced storage pools
4.6.1 Easy Tier concepts
4.6.2 Easy Tier definitions
4.6.3 Easy Tier operating modes
4.6.4 MDisk tier types
4.6.5 Changing the tier type of an MDisk
4.6.6 Easy Tier overload protection
4.6.7 Removing an MDisk from an Easy Tier pool
4.6.8 Easy Tier implementation considerations
4.6.9 Easy Tier settings
4.6.10 Monitoring Easy Tier using the GUI
Chapter 6. Copy services
6.1 Introduction to copy services
6.1.1 FlashCopy
6.1.2 Metro Mirror and Global Mirror
6.1.3 Volume Mirroring
6.2 FlashCopy
6.2.1 FlashCopy use cases
6.2.2 FlashCopy capabilities overview
6.2.3 FlashCopy functional overview
6.2.4 FlashCopy planning considerations
6.3 Remote Copy services
6.3.1 Remote Copy use cases
6.3.2 Remote Copy functional overview
6.3.3 Remote Copy network planning
6.3.4 Remote Copy services planning
6.3.5 Multiple site remote copy
6.3.6 1920 error
6.4 Native IP replication
6.4.1 Native IP replication technology
6.4.2 IP partnership limitations
6.4.3 VLAN support
6.4.4 IP Compression
6.4.5 Remote Copy groups
6.4.6 Supported configurations examples
6.4.7 Native IP replication performance consideration
6.5 Volume Mirroring
6.5.1 Read and write operations
6.5.2 Volume mirroring use cases
6.5.3 Mirrored volume components
6.5.4 Volume Mirroring synchronization options
6.5.5 Volume Mirroring performance considerations
6.5.6 Bitmap space for out-of-sync volume copies
Chapter 7. Business continuity
7.1 Business continuity with HyperSwap
7.2 Third site and IP quorum
7.2.1 Quorum modes
7.3 HyperSwap Volumes
7.4 Other considerations and general recommendations
Chapter 8. Hosts
8.1 General configuration guidelines
8.1.1 Number of paths
8.1.2 Host ports
8.1.3 Port masking
8.1.4 N-port ID virtualization (NPIV)
8.1.5 Host to I/O group mapping
8.1.6 Volume size as opposed to quantity
8.1.7 Host volume mapping
8.1.8 Server adapter layout
8.1.9 Host status improvements
8.1.10 Considerations for NVMe over Fibre Channel host attachments
8.1.11 Considerations for iSER host attachments
8.2 Host pathing
8.2.1 Path selection
8.3 I/O queues
8.3.1 Queue depths
8.4 Host clusters
8.4.1 Persistent reservations
8.4.2 Clearing reserves
8.5 AIX hosts
8.5.1 Multipathing support
8.5.2 Configuration recommendations for AIX
8.6 Virtual I/O server hosts
8.6.1 Multipathing support
8.6.2 Physical and logical volumes
8.6.3 Methods to identify a disk for use as a virtual SCSI disk
8.7 Windows hosts
8.7.1 Multipathing support
8.7.2 Windows configuration
8.8 Linux hosts
8.9 Oracle Solaris hosts
8.9.1 Solaris MPxIO
8.9.2 Symantec Veritas Volume Manager
8.9.3 DMP multipathing
8.10 VMware ESXi server hosts
8.10.1 Configuring VMware
8.10.2 Multipathing configuration maximums
Chapter 9. Monitoring
9.1 Generic monitoring
9.1.1 Monitoring with the GUI
9.1.2 Monitoring using quotas and alert
9.2 Performance monitoring
9.2.1 Performance monitoring with the GUI
9.2.2 Performance monitoring with IBM Spectrum Control
9.2.3 Performance monitoring with IBM Storage Insights
9.3 Capacity metrics for block storage systems
9.3.1 Storage system capacity metrics
9.3.2 Pool capacity metrics
9.3.3 Volume capacity metrics
9.4 Creating alerts for IBM Spectrum Control and IBM Storage Insights
9.4.1 Alert examples
9.4.2 Alert to monitor back-end capacity: Available Physical Space (%)
9.5 Error condition example with IBM Spectrum Control: FC port
9.6 Important metrics
9.7 Performance support package
9.8 Metro and Global Mirror monitoring with IBM Copy Services Manager and scripts
9.8.1 Monitoring MM and GM with scripts
9.9 Monitoring Tier1 SSD
Chapter 10. Maintenance
10.1 User interfaces
10.1.1 Management GUI
10.1.2 Service Assistant Tool GUI
10.1.3 Command line interface
10.2 Users and groups
10.3 Volumes
10.4 Hosts
10.5 Software updates
10.5.1 Deciding the target software level
10.5.2 Hardware considerations
10.5.3 Update sequence
10.5.4 SAN fabrics preparation
10.5.5 Storage controllers preparation
10.5.6 Hosts preparation
10.5.7 Copy services considerations
10.5.8 Running the Upgrade Test Utility
10.5.9 Updating the software
10.6 Drive firmware updates
10.7 SAN modifications
10.7.1 Cross-referencing WWPN
10.7.2 Cross-referencing LUN ID
10.8 Server HBA replacement
10.9 Hardware upgrades
10.9.1 Adding control enclosures
10.9.2 Upgrading nodes in an existing cluster
10.9.3 Upgrading NVMe drives
10.9.4 Moving to a new IBM FlashSystem cluster
10.9.5 Splitting an IBM FlashSystem cluster
10.9.6 Adding expansion enclosures
10.9.7 Removing expansion enclosures
10.9.8 IBM FlashWatch
10.10 I/O Throttling
10.10.1 General information on I/O throttling
10.10.2 I/O throttling on front-end I/O control
10.10.3 I/O Throttling on back-end I/O control
10.10.4 Overall benefits of using I/O throttling
10.10.5 Considerations for I/O throttling
10.10.6 Configuring I/O throttling using the CLI
10.10.7 Configuring I/O throttling using the GUI
10.10.8 Creating a volume throttle
10.10.9 Creating a host throttle
10.10.10 Creating a host cluster throttle
10.10.11 Creating a storage pool throttle
10.10.12 Creating an offload throttle
10.11 Automation
10.11.1 Red Hat Ansible
10.11.2 RESTful API
10.12 Documenting IBM FlashSystem and SAN environment
10.12.1 Naming conventions
10.12.2 SAN fabric documentation
10.12.3 IBM FlashSystem documentation
10.12.4 Storage documentation
10.12.5 Technical support information
10.12.6 Tracking incident and change tickets
10.12.7 Automated support data collection
10.12.8 Subscribing to IBM FlashSystem support
Chapter 11. Troubleshooting and diagnostics
11.1 Starting troubleshooting
11.1.1 Recommended actions and fix procedure
11.2 Diagnostic data collection
11.2.1 IBM FlashSystem data collection
11.2.2 Host multipath software data collection
11.2.3 Additional data collection
11.3 Common problems and isolation techniques
11.3.1 Host problems
11.3.2 SAN problems
11.3.3 Storage subsystem problems
11.3.4 Native IP replication problems
11.3.5 Remote Direct Memory Access based clustering
11.3.6 Advanced Copy services problems
11.3.7 Health status during upgrade
11.3.8 Managing physical capacity of over provisioned storage controllers
11.3.9 Replacing a failed flash drive
11.3.10 Recovering from common events
11.4 Remote Support Assistance
11.5 Call Home Connect Cloud and Health Checker feature
11.5.1 Health Checker
11.6 IBM Storage Insights
11.6.1 Storage Insights Customer Dashboard
11.6.2 Customized dashboards to monitor your storage
11.6.3 Creating support tickets
11.6.4 Updating support tickets
11.6.5 SI Advisor
Appendix A. IBM i considerations
IBM i Storage management
Single-level storage
IBM i response time
Planning for IBM i storage capacity
Storage connection to IBM i
Setting of attributes in VIOS
Disk drives for IBM i
Defining LUNs for IBM i
Data layout
Fibre Channel adapters in IBM i and VIOS
Zoning SAN switches
IBM i Multipath
Boot from SAN
IBM i mirroring
Copy services considerations
Db2 mirroring for IBM i
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Prev
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Tables
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Notices
Tables
1-1 IBM Storwize V5100 host, drive capacity, and functions summary 8
1-2 IBM Storwize V7000 host, drive capacity and functions Summary 10
1-3 Machine type and model comparison for the IBM FlashSystem 5000 13
1-4 IBM FlashSystem 5015 host, drive capacity and functions summary 13
1-5 2.5 inch supported drives for the IBM FlashSystem 5000 14
1-6 3.5 inch supported drives for the IBM FlashSystem 5000 14
1-7 IBM FlashSystem 5035 host, drive capacity and functions summary 15
1-8 IBM FlashSystem 5100 host, drive capacity, and functions summary 16
1-9 IBM FlashSystem 5200 host, drive capacity, and functions summary 18
1-10 IBM FlashSystem 7200 host, drive capacity and functions summary 20
1-11 IBM FlashSystem 9100 host, drive capacity, and functions summary 22
1-12 IBM FlashSystem 9200 host, drive capacity, and functions summary 24
1-13 Clustering control nodes matrix 25
1-14 IBM FlashSystem 9200R Rack Solution combinations 27
2-1 FlashSystem 9200 44
2-2 Alias names examples 49
2-3 Template examples 50
3-1 FlashCore module capacities 66
3-2 Supported SCM drive capacities 67
3-3 Maximum number of drive slots per SAS expansion chain 68
3-4 Supported RAID levels 72
3-5 XIV minimum volume size and quantity recommendations 93
3-6 Host connections for A9000 94
3-7 Host connections for A9000R 94
4-1 Compression ratios of common data types 114
4-2 DRP Capacity Uses 121
4-3 Capacity Terminology in 8.4.0 126
4-4 Data reduction pool properties 132
4-5 Pool size by extent size and IO group number 134
4-6 Minimum recommended pool size by extent size and IO group number 134
4-7 Easy Tier settings 165
4-8 Recommended 3-tier Easy Tier mapping policy 168
4-9 4 and 5 Tier mapping policy4 and 5 Tier mapping policy 169
4-10 Unsupported temporary 4 and 5 Tier mapping policy 169
4-11 Migration target tier priorities 173
5-1 Maximum number of volumes in IBM FlashSystem 190
5-2 Migration types and associated commands 212
5-3 Sample syncrate values 214
6-1 Relationship between the rate and data rate per second 234
6-2 Summary table of the FlashCopy indirection layer algorithm 243
6-3 FlashCopy properties and maximum configurations 247
6-4 Relationship of bitmap space to FlashCopy address space for the specified I/O Group 248
6-5 Workload distribution for back-end I/O operations 254
6-6 Maximum round trip 276
6-7 IBM Spectrum Virtualize intersystem heartbeat traffic (megabits per second) 276
6-8 Remote Copy maximum limits 287
6-9 IP replication limits 315
6-10 Relationship between the rate value and the data copied per second 333
6-11 Relationship of bitmap space to Volume Mirroring address space 335
9-1 Features in IBM Storage Insights and IBM Storage Insights Pro 374
9-2 Feature comparison 377
9-3 Event examples for IBM Flash System 399
9-4 Alert severities 400
9-5 Field changes to drive and array devices 413
10-1 UNIX commands available in the CLI 418
10-2 Available memory configuration for one node in a control enclosure 443
10-3 Base memory features 444
10-4 Additional memory features 445
10-5 IBM FlashSystem 7200 memory options 445
10-6 Memory options 445
10-7 IBM FlashSystem 9200 control enclosure adapter card options 446
10-8 IBM FlashSystem 9100 control enclosure adapter card options 446
10-9 IBM FlashSystem 5000 family configurations 447
10-10 IBM FlashSystem 5000 family adapter cards 447
10-11 IBM FlashWatch product matrix for IBM FlashSystem products 456
10-12 Files created by the backup process 472
A-1 Comparing IBM i native and Virtual I/O Server attachment 532
A-2 Limits increased for Max Disk Arms and LUN size 542
A-3 Throughput of Fibre Channel adapters 543
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