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by William Nespoli Zanatta, Ashraf Ali Thajudeen, Kulwinder Singh, Reshma Prathap,
IBM PowerHA SystemMirror for AIX Cookbook
Front cover
Notices
Trademarks
Preface
Authors
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Summary of changes
October 2014, Second Edition
Part 1 Introduction
Chapter 1. Introduction to PowerHA SystemMirror for AIX
1.1 What is PowerHA SystemMirror for AIX
1.1.1 High availability (HA)
1.1.2 Cluster multiprocessing
1.2 Availability solutions: An overview
1.2.1 Downtime
1.2.2 Single point of failure (SPOF)
1.3 History and evolution
1.3.1 PowerHA SystemMirror Version 7.1.1
1.3.2 PowerHA SystemMirror Version 7.1.2
1.3.3 PowerHA SystemMirror Version 7.1.3
1.4 High availability terminology and concepts
1.4.1 Terminology
1.4.2 Concepts
1.5 Fault tolerance versus high availability
1.5.1 Fault-tolerant systems
1.5.2 High availability systems
1.6 Software planning
1.6.1 AIX level and related requirements
1.6.2 Licensing
1.7 PowerHA software installation
1.7.1 Checking for prerequisites
1.7.2 New installation
1.7.3 Installing PowerHA
Chapter 2. High availability components
2.1 PowerHA configuration data
2.2 Software components
2.3 Cluster topology
2.3.1 CAA and RSCT
2.3.2 TCP/IP networks
2.3.3 IP address takeover (IPAT) mechanism
2.3.4 Persistent IP label or address
2.3.5 Cluster heartbeat settings
2.3.6 Network security considerations
2.4 Resources and resource groups
2.4.1 Definitions
2.4.2 Resources
2.4.3 NFS
2.4.4 Application controller scripts
2.4.5 Application monitors
2.4.6 Tape resources
2.4.7 Workload Manager (WLM) integration
2.4.8 Workload partitions (WPARs)
2.4.9 User defined resources
2.4.10 Resource groups
2.5 Smart assists
2.6 Other features
2.6.1 Notifications
2.6.2 Rootvg system event
2.6.3 Capacity on demand (CoD) and dynamic LPAR support on fallover
2.6.4 File collections
2.6.5 PowerHA SystemMirror Enterprise Edition
2.7 Limits
2.8 Storage characteristics
2.8.1 Shared LVM
2.9 Shared storage configuration
2.9.1 Shared LVM requirements
2.10 PowerHA cluster events
Part 2 Planning, installation, and migration
Chapter 3. Planning
3.1 High availability planning
3.2 Planning for PowerHA 7.1.3
3.2.1 Planning strategy and example
3.2.2 Planning tools
3.2.3 Getting started
3.2.4 Current environment
3.2.5 Addressing single points of failure
3.2.6 Initial cluster design
3.2.7 Completing the cluster overview planning worksheet
3.3 Planning cluster hardware
3.3.1 Overview of cluster hardware
3.3.2 Completing the cluster hardware planning worksheet
3.4 Planning cluster software
3.4.1 AIX and RSCT levels
3.4.2 Virtual Ethernet and vSCSI support
3.4.3 Required AIX file sets
3.4.4 PowerHA 7.1.3 file sets
3.4.5 AIX files altered by PowerHA 7.1.3
3.4.6 Application software
3.4.7 Licensing
3.4.8 Completing the software planning worksheet
3.5 Operating system considerations
3.6 Planning security
3.6.1 Cluster security
3.6.2 User administration
3.6.3 HACMP group
3.6.4 Planning for PoweHA file collections
3.7 Planning cluster networks
3.7.1 Terminology
3.7.2 General network considerations
3.7.3 IP Address Takeover planning
3.7.4 Additional network planning considerations
3.7.5 Completing the network planning worksheets
3.8 Planning storage requirements
3.8.1 Internal disks
3.8.2 Cluster repository disk
3.8.3 SAN-based heartbeat
3.8.4 Shared disks
3.8.5 Enhanced Concurrent Mode (ECM) volume groups
3.8.6 How fast disk takeover works
3.8.7 Enabling fast disk takeover
3.8.8 Shared logical volumes
3.8.9 Completing the storage planning worksheets
3.9 Application planning
3.9.1 Application controllers
3.9.2 Application monitoring
3.9.3 Availability analysis tool
3.9.4 Completing the application planning worksheets
3.10 Planning for resource groups
3.10.1 Resource group attributes
3.10.2 Completing the planning worksheet
3.11 Detailed cluster design
3.12 Developing a cluster test plan
3.12.1 Custom test plan
3.12.2 Cluster Test Tool
3.13 Developing a PowerHA 7.1.3 installation plan
3.14 Backing up the cluster configuration
3.15 Documenting the cluster
3.15.1 Native HTML report
3.16 Change and problem management
3.17 Planning tools
3.17.1 PowerHA cluster simulator
3.17.2 Paper planning worksheets
3.17.3 Cluster diagram
Chapter 4. Installation and configuration
4.1 Basic steps to implement a PowerHA cluster
4.2 Configuring PowerHA
4.2.1 General considerations for the configuration method
4.2.2 Standard configuration path
4.2.3 Defining cluster, nodes, and networks
4.2.4 Configuring repository and heartbeat method
4.2.5 Create shared volume groups
4.2.6 Create shared logical volumes
4.2.7 Creating a jfslog2 logical volume
4.2.8 Creating a new file system
4.2.9 Create one more or more application controllers
4.2.10 Create service IP labels
4.2.11 Create resource group
4.2.12 Add resources into resource group
4.2.13 Verify and synchronize cluster configuration
4.3 Installing PowerHA SystemMirror for IBM Systems Director plug-in
Chapter 5. Migration
5.1 Migration planning
5.1.1 PowerHA SystemMirror 7.1.3 requirements
5.1.2 Deprecated features
5.2 Understanding the PowerHA 7.1 migration process
5.2.1 Stages of migration
5.2.2 Migration options
5.3 The clmigcheck program
5.4 Migration scenarios
5.4.1 Legacy migrations to PowerHA SystemMirror 7.1.3
5.4.2 Rolling migration from PowerHA v6.1 to PowerHA v7.1.3
5.4.3 Rolling migration from PowerHA v7.1.x to PowerHA v7.1.3
5.4.4 Snapshot migration to PowerHA SystemMirror 7.1.3
5.4.5 Performing offline migration to PowerHA SystemMirror 7.1.3
5.4.6 Nondisruptive migration from PowerHA v7.1.2 to PowerHA 7.1.3
5.5 Common migration errors
5.5.1 Node name not set to host name
5.5.2 Stuck in migration
5.5.3 Non-IP network not deleted after migration completed
5.5.4 Clodmget not found
Part 3 Cluster administration
Chapter 6. Cluster maintenance
6.1 Change control and testing
6.1.1 Scope
6.1.2 Test cluster
6.2 Starting and stopping the cluster
6.2.1 Cluster Services
6.2.2 Starting cluster services
6.2.3 Stopping cluster services
6.3 Resource group and application management
6.3.1 Bringing a resource group offline by using SMIT
6.3.2 Bringing a resource group online by using SMIT
6.3.3 Moving a resource group by using SMIT
6.3.4 Suspending and resuming application monitoring
6.4 Scenarios
6.4.1 PCI hot-plug replacement of a NIC
6.4.2 Service Packs
6.4.3 Storage
6.4.4 Applications
6.5 Updating multipath drivers
6.5.1 Cluster wide update
6.5.2 Individual node update
6.5.3 Pre-PowerHA v7.1.3 SP1 steps for maintenance
6.6 Repository disk replacement
6.7 Critical volume groups (voting disks) for Oracle RAC
6.8 Cluster Test Tool
6.8.1 Custom testing
6.8.2 Test duration
6.8.3 Considerations
6.8.4 Automated testing
6.8.5 Custom testing
Chapter 7. Cluster management
7.1 Cluster Single Point of Control (C-SPOC)
7.1.1 C-SPOC SMIT menu
7.2 File collections
7.2.1 Predefined file collections
7.2.2 Managing file collections
7.3 User administration
7.3.1 C-SPOC user and group administration
7.3.2 Password management
7.4 Shared storage management
7.4.1 Updating LVM components
7.4.2 Enhanced concurrent volume group (ECVG) LVM limitations
7.4.3 Dynamic volume expansion (DVE)
7.4.4 C-SPOC Storage
7.4.5 Examples
7.4.6 C-SPOC command-line interface (CLI)
7.5 Time synchronization
7.6 Cluster verification and synchronization
7.6.1 Cluster verification and synchronization using SMIT
7.6.2 Dynamic cluster reconfiguration with DARE
7.6.3 Changing between multicast to unicast
7.6.4 Verification log files
7.6.5 Running automatically corrective actions during verification
7.6.6 Automatic cluster verification
7.7 Monitoring PowerHA
7.7.1 Cluster status checking utilities
7.7.2 Cluster status and services checking utilities
7.7.3 Other cluster monitoring tools
7.7.4 Topology information commands
7.7.5 Resource group information commands
7.7.6 Log files
7.7.7 Error notification
7.7.8 Application monitoring
7.7.9 Measuring application availability
Chapter 8. Cluster security
8.1 Cluster security
8.1.1 The /etc/cluster/rhosts file
8.1.2 Additional cluster security features
8.1.3 Cluster communication over VPN
8.2 Using encrypted internode communication from CAA
8.2.1 Self-signed certificate configuration
8.2.2 Custom certificate configuration
8.2.3 Symmetric fixed key only configuration
8.2.4 Symmetric key distribution using asymmetric key pair
8.3 Secure remote command execution
8.4 PowerHA and firewalls
8.5 Federated security for cluster-wide security management
8.5.1 Federated security components
8.5.2 Federated security configuration requirement
8.5.3 Federated security configuration details
Part 4 Advanced topics, with examples
Chapter 9. PowerHA and PowerVM
9.1 Virtualization
9.2 Virtual I/O Server
9.3 DLPAR and application provisioning
9.3.1 Requirements
9.3.2 Application provisioning
9.3.3 Configuring DLPAR to PowerHA
9.3.4 Troubleshooting HMC verification errors
9.3.5 Test cluster configuration
9.3.6 Test results
9.4 Live Partition Mobility (LPM)
9.4.1 Performing LPM with SANcomm defined
Chapter 10. Extending resource group capabilities
10.1 Settling time attribute
10.1.1 Behavior of settling time attribute
10.1.2 Configuring settling time for resource groups
10.1.3 Displaying the current settling time
10.1.4 Settling time scenarios
10.2 Node distribution policy
10.2.1 Configuring a resource group node-based distribution policy
10.2.2 Node-based distribution scenario
10.3 Dynamic node priority (DNP)
10.3.1 Configuring a resource group with predefined RMC-based DNP policy
10.3.2 How predefined RMC based dynamic node priority functions
10.3.3 Configuring resource group with adaptive fallover DNP policy
10.3.4 Testing adaptive fallover dynamic node priority
10.4 Delayed fallback timer
10.4.1 Delayed fallback timer behavior
10.4.2 Configuring delayed fallback timers
10.4.3 Displaying delayed fallback timers in a resource group
10.5 Resource group dependencies
10.5.1 Resource group parent/child dependency
10.5.2 Resource group location dependency
10.5.3 Start and stop after dependency
10.5.4 Combining various dependency relationships
10.5.5 Displaying resource group dependencies
Chapter 11. Customizing resources and events
11.1 Overview of cluster events
11.2 User-defined resources and types
11.2.1 Creating a user-defined resource type
11.2.2 Creating a user-defined resource
11.2.3 Adding a user-defined resource to a resource group
11.3 Writing scripts for custom events
11.4 Pre-event and post-event commands
11.4.1 Parallel processed resource groups; pre-event and post-event scripts
11.4.2 Configuring pre-event or post-event scripts
11.5 Automatic error notification
11.5.1 Disk monitoring consideration
11.5.2 Setting up automatic error notification
11.5.3 Listing automatic error notification
11.5.4 Removing automatic error notification
11.5.5 Using error notification
11.5.6 Customizing event duration
11.5.7 Defining new events
Chapter 12. Networking considerations
12.1 Multicast considerations
12.1.1 Multicast concepts
12.1.2 Multicast guidelines
12.2 Distribution preference for service IP aliases
12.2.1 Configuring service IP distribution policy
12.2.2 Lab experiences with service IP distribution policy
12.3 Changing heartbeat settings
12.4 Site-specific service IP labels
12.5 Understanding the netmon.cf file
12.5.1 The netmon.cf format for virtual Ethernet environments
12.5.2 Implications
12.6 Understanding the clhosts file
Chapter 13. WPARs and PowerHA scenario
13.1 Introduction to WPARs
13.2 Planning for high availability
13.2.1 General considerations
13.2.2 PowerHA and rootvg WPARs
13.2.3 WPAR on local disk
13.2.4 Planning for NFS-based file systems
13.2.5 Planning for a versioned WPAR
13.3 Support for a WPAR in PowerHA
13.3.1 Creating a WPAR before you define a Resource Group
13.3.2 Creating a WPAR with the Resource Group menu
13.4 Scenario with a local WPAR
13.4.1 Creating a local WPAR on two nodes
13.4.2 Configuring PowerHA
13.5 SAP scenario on AIX 7.1 NFS WPAR
13.5.1 NFS WPARs overview
13.5.2 Specific commands to fit the SAP environment
13.5.3 SAP installation
13.5.4 Setting the cluster
13.5.5 Using the command line to create the cluster
13.6 NFS versioned 5.2 WPAR
13.6.1 Creating the resource group
Part 5 Appendixes
Appendix A. Paper planning worksheets
TCP/IP network planning worksheets
TCP/IP network interface worksheet
Fibre Channel disks worksheets
Shared volume group and file system worksheet
NFS-exported file system or directory worksheet
Application worksheet
Application server worksheet
Application monitor worksheet (custom)
Resource group worksheet
Cluster events worksheet
Cluster file collections worksheet
Appendix B. C-SPOC CLI commands
C-SPOC CLI man pages
Appendix C. Cluster Test Tool log
Sample output from Cluster Test Tool log
Related publications
IBM Redbooks
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IBM System x Reference Architecture for Hadoop: IBM InfoSphere BigInsights Reference Architecture
Introduction
Business problem and business value
Reference architecture use
Requirements
InfoSphere BigInsights predefined configuration
InfoSphere BigInsights HBase predefined configuration
Deployment considerations
Customizing the predefined configurations
Predefined configuration bill of materials
References
The team who wrote this paper
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