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16. Command-Line Tools

Appendix A: Curriculum CKA 1.19: September 2020

Cluster Architecture, Installation, and Configuration (25%)

Manage role-based access control (RBAC) .

“Authorization,” Chapter 11

Use kubeadm to install a basic cluster.

Chapter 1

Manage a highly available Kubernetes cluster.

Chapter 1

Provision underlying infrastructure to deploy a Kubernetes cluster.

Chapter 1

Perform a version upgrade on a Kubernetes cluster using kubeadm.

Chapter 15

Implement etcd backup and restore.

“Back Up a Cluster,” “Restore a Cluster,” Chapter 15

Workloads and Scheduling (15%)

Understand deployments and how to perform rolling update and rollbacks .

“ReplicaSet Controller,” “Deployment Controller,” “Update and Rollback,” and “Deployment Strategies,” Chapter 5

Use ConfigMaps and Secrets to configure applications.

Chapter 6

Know how to scale applications.

Chapter 7

Understand the primitives used to create robust, self-healing, application deployments.

Chapter 8

Understand how resource limits can affect Pod scheduling.

“Resource Requests,” Chapter 9

Awareness of manifest management and common templating tools.

“Helm,” “Kustomize,” Chapter 16

Services and Networking (20%)

Understand host networking configuration on the cluster nodes .

Chapter 1

Understand connectivity between Pods.

Chapter 1

Understand ClusterIP, NodePort, and LoadBalancer service types and endpoints.

Chapter 10

Know how to use Ingress controllers and Ingress resources.

Chapter 10

Know how to configure and use CoreDNS.

Chapter 1

Choose an appropriate container network interface plugin.

Chapter 1

Storage (10%)

Understand storage classes and persistent volumes .

Chapter 12

Understand volume mode, access modes, and reclaim policies for volumes.

“Access Modes,” “Claiming a Persistent Volume,” Chapter 12

Understand persistent volume claims primitive.

“Claiming a Persistent Volume,” Chapter 12

Know how to configure applications with persistent storage .

“Persistent Volume,” Chapter 12

Troubleshooting (30%)

Evaluate cluster and node logging .

Chapter 2

Understand how to monitor applications.

“Auto-scaling,” Chapter 7; “kubectl,” Chapter 16

Manage container stdout and stderr logs.

Logging in the Chapter 14

Troubleshoot application failure.

Basic logging, “kubectl,” Chapter 16

Troubleshoot cluster component failure.

Chapter 2

Troubleshoot networking.

Chapter 2, Chapter 10, “kubectl,” Chapter 16

Appendix B: Curriculum CKAD 1.18: April 2020

Core Concepts (13%)

Understand Kubernetes API primitives .

Chapters 4 and 5

Create and configure basic Pods.

Chapter 5

Configuration (18%)

Understand ConfigMaps .

Chapter 6

Understand SecurityContexts.

“Security Contexts,” Chapter 11

Define an application’s resource requirements.

“Resource Requests,” Chapter 9; “Resource Limits and Quality of Service (QoS) Classes,” Chapter 8

Create and consume Secrets.

Chapter 6

Understand ServiceAccounts

“Service Account Authentication,” Chapter 11

Multi-container Pods (10%)

Understand multi-container Pod design patterns (e.g., ambassador, adapter, sidecar) .

Chapter 13

Observability (18%)

Understand LivenessProbes and ReadinessProbes .

“Liveness Probes,” “A Note About Readiness Probes,” Chapter 8; “Readiness Probes,” Chapter 10

Understand container logging.

Basic logging

Understand how to monitor applications in Kubernetes.

“Auto-scaling,” Chapter 7

Understand debugging in Kubernetes

“Interacting with the Application,” Chapter 16

Pod Design (20%)

Understand Deployments and how to perform rolling updates .

“Update and Rollback,” “Deployment Strategies,” Chapter 5

Understand Deployments and how to perform rollbacks.

“Update and Rollback,” Chapter 5

Understand jobs and cronjobs.

“Running Jobs,” Chapter 5

Understand how to use Labels, Selectors, and Annotations.

“Labels and Selectors ,” “Annotations,” Chapter 4; Service Selectors in Chapter 10, “Using Label Selectors to Schedule Pods on Specific Nodes,” Chapter 9

Services and Networking (13%)

Understand Services .

Chapter 10

Demonstrate basic understanding of NetworkPolicies.

“Network Policies,” Chapter 11

State Persistence (8%)

Understand PersistentVolumeClaims for storage .

“Persistent Volume,” Chapter 12

Index

A, B

Adapter container

Ambassador container

API server request

non-response

response

Authorization

Auto-scaling

ClusterIP

Configuration file

ConfigMap

Pod fields

resource fields

secret

sources

Configuring applications

Args field

environment variables

Container spec

capabilities

SELinux

users/groups

Container specs

Control plane components

Control plane services

CronJob controller

concurrencyPolicy

schedule format

time-based schedule

Curriculum CKA 1.19

cluster architecture

cofiguration

installation

networking

scheduling

services

storage

troubleshooting

workloads

Curriculum CKAD 1.18

concepts

configuration

multi-container pods

networking

observability

pod design

services

state persistence

D, E, F

Debugging

inside containers

service

Declarative values

environment variables

imperative form

Deployment controller

recreate strategy

rollingupdate strategy

Docker registries, imagePullSecrets

Docker service

Giving credentials, kubelet

Helm

chart

creation

installation

Linux

macOS

Windows

HorizontalPodAutoscaler(HPA) resource

Ingress

accessing applications

access points

HTTPS protocol

nginx installation

Init containers

JSON Web Tokens (JWTs)

kubeadm

compute resources

control plane node

installation

workers

kubectl

annotate

application resources

authorization

command

configuration

ConfigMap

directives

disableNameSuffixHash option

index.html file

Kustomize

nginx container

PodTemplate

configuring workloads

dev machine

dev/production environments

command

create files

-f command

kustomization/associated files

kustomization.yaml file

modifiers

resources-patch.yaml

documentation

exposing pods

generic commands

installation

interacting, application

kubeconfig file

label

Linux

macOS

managing clusters

Windows

kubectl describe command

kubectl describe service command

kubectl exec command

kubectl get events command

kubectl logs command

kubectl rollout

kubectl top command

kubelet service

kube-proxy

kube-system namespace

Kustomize

Logging

cluster level

commands

node level

particular pods

set of pods

stdout/stderr

Manual scaling

Metrics Server

Monitoring

Multi-container pods

backend service

initialize storage

N, O

NetworkPolicy resource

NodePort

Normal user authentication

bearer token authentication

client certificate

different methods

HTTP basic Auth

P, Q

Persistent volumes (PV)

access modes

auto-provisioned

cleanup

declaration

NFS volume

PersistentVolumeClaim resource

Pods

controllers

Job controller

run one Pod

run, several Pods one completes

run, several Pods until several Pods complete

spec.backoffLimit

specification fields

update/rollback

Pre-pulling images

Prometheus system

alert manager

application developers

cluster administrators

definition

Grafana dashboard

server

RBAC mode

RoleBinding/ClusterRoleBinding

role/ClusterRole

role-read role

Referencing all values

declarative form

imperative form

Pod fields

resource fields

Referencing specific values

declarative form

imperative form

ReplicaSet controller

Resources, Kubernetes

annotations

events

kubectl get events

labeles/sectors

namespace

parts

types

events

RollingUpdate strategy

S, T

Scheduling pods

adding label to nodes

DaemonSet Kubernetes

declare resource requests

kubectl set resources command

label selectors

manual scheduling

nodeName field

node selectors to pods

resource requests

running multiple schedulers

scheduler-round-robin

static pods

Security contexts

Pod spec

SELinux context

Sysctls

users/groups

Self-healing

command liveness probe

deployment

HTTP request liveness probe

liveness probe

maintenance mode

OoS

readiness probe

scheduled

TCP connection liveness probe

Service account authentication

Service Kubernetes resource

ClusterIP

endpoints

externalname

kubectl expose command

loadbalancer

NodePort

readiness probes

selectors

Sidecar container

Static Pods

systemd command-line tools

Upgrading cluster

back up

controller

operating system

restore

workers

V, W, X, Y, Z

Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)

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