Latex Notes

Practical Tips for Preparing
Technical Documents

J. Kenneth Shultis

Department of Nuclear Engineering
Kansas State University
Manhattan, Kansas

P T R Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Shultis, J. Kenneth
Latex notes : practical tips for preparing technical documents :
version 1.4 / compiled by J. Kenneth Shultis.
p. cm.
Includesbibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-13-120973-6
1. LaTeX (Computer file) 2. Computerized typesetting.
3. Mathematics printing—Data processing. I. Title.
Z253.4.L38S48 1994
686.2‘2544--dc20                                                                        93-40263
                                                                              CIP

©1994 P T R Prentice Hall
A Pearson Education Company
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

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Contents

Preface

1 Fonts

1.1 Special Characters

1.2 Accents and Special Symbols

1.3 Font Sizes

1.4 Font Styles

1.5 Computer Modern Fonts

1.5.1 Changing the Size of a Font

1.5.2 Font Faces and Scaling

1.5.3 Style and Size Availability

1.5.4 Ligatures

1.6 Using Nonstandard Fonts

1.6.1 Specifying a Particular Font Character

1.6.2 Nonstandard Fonts in Math Mode

1.7 Really Large Fonts

1.8 Improvised Special Characters

1.8.1 Symbol for Cents

1.8.2 Blackboard Fonts

1.8.3 Smiley Faces

1.9 The New Font Selection Scheme (NFSS)

2 Text Formatting and Lists

2.1 Microspacing Adjustments for Text

2.2 Forcing Line Breaks

2.3 Document Line Spacing

2.2.1 Changing Line Spacing in Footnotes

2.4 Hyphenation

2.4.1 Forcing Hyphenation

2.4.2 Forcing a Line Break at a Required Hyphen

2.4.3 Preventing Hyphenation at a Line Break

2.4.4 Turning Hyphenation Off

2.5 Ragged Right

2.5.1 Ragged Right without Hyphenation

2.5.2 Ragged Right with Hyphenation

2.6 Headings

2.6.1 Headings without Numbers

2.6.2 Breaking a Long Heading

2.7 Consistent Underlining

2.8 Vertical and Horizontal Spacing

2.8.1 Variable Space

2.9 Text in Boxes

2.9.1 Right-justifying a Box

2.9.2 Paragraphs with Hanging Indents

2.9.3 A Macro for Indentation

2.9.4 Centering Boxes

2.10 Lists

2.10.1 Itemized List

2.10.2 Enumerated Lists

2.10.3 Lists with Key Words

2.11 Customized Lists

2.11.1 Examples of the List Environment

2.11.2 Creating a New List Environment

2.11.3 Example List Environments

2.12 The Verbatim Environment

3 Formatting Pages

3.1 Page Layout

3.1.1 Marginal Notes

3.2 Headers and Footers

3.2.1 Head and Foot for the First Page

3.2.2 A Head and Foot Macro

3.2.3 More Elaborate Headers and Footers

3.3 Blank Pages

3.4 Widows and Orphans

3.5 Counters

3.6 Floats

3.6.1 Positioning Floats

3.6.2 Keeping a Group of Tables or Figures Together

3.6.3 Piling up of Floats

3.6.4 Putting Many Floats on a Page

3.7 Two-column Format

3.7.1 Page Layout

3.7.2 Spanning Both Columns

3.7.3 Floats in Two-column Format

3.7.4 Clearing Pages and Columns

3.7.5 Marginal Notes

4 Math and Equations

4.1 Displaying Math Expressions

4.2 Composing Math Expressions

4.3 Math Spacing Commands

4.4 Types of Equations

4.4.1 Simple Equations

4.4.2 Multiconditional Equations

4.4.3 Multiline and Multiple Equations

4.5 Equal Spacing in Equations and Eqnarrays

4.6 Text in Eqnarray

4.7 Vertical Spacing With Struts

4.8 Math-mode Font Sizes

4.8.1 Nested Fraction Constructions

4.8.2 Display sty le in Eqnarrays and Arrays

4.9 Manual Equation Numbering

4.10 Equations With Left and Right Tags

4.11 Multiletter Variables in Math Mode

4.12 Roman Font in Math Mode

4.13 Boldface in Math Mode

4.13.1 Accents in Boldmath

4.14 A Better Dot Product Operator

4.15 Two Compound Math Operators

4.16 Matrix Expressions

4.17 Continued Fractions

4.18 Chemical Reaction Arrows

4.19 Placing Frames around Equations

4.20 Word Equations in Boxes

4.21 Math in Section Titles

5 Tables

5.1 Types of Tables

5.1.1 Captions and Reference Labels

5.2 The tabbing Environment

5.2.1 An Instructional Example

5.3 The tabular Environment

5.3.1 Aligning Numbers on the Decimal Point

5.3.2 Vertical Alignment of Tables Headings

5.3.3 A Simple Floating Table Example

5.3.4 Tables in a Minipage

5.3.5 Side-by-Side Tables

5.3.6 Vertical Alignment of Column Entries

5.3.7 Paragraphs in a Box

5.3.8 Controlling Spacing in Tables

5.4 TABLE Macros

5.4.1 Using the TABLE Macros

6 Graphics

6.1 Methods for Including Graphics

6.1.1 Cut and Paste

6.1.2 Use the picture Environment

6.1.3 Extend LATEX’s picture Capabilities

6.1.4 Use Other Programs to Generate LATEX Pictures

6.1.5 Use Non-LATEX Graphics

6.2 The Picture Environment

6.2.1 Summary of Picture Commands

6.2.2 Reusing Picture Elements

6.3 Extending the picture Environment

6.4 Programs to Generate LATEX Pictures

6.4.1 A GNUPLOT Example

6.5 Using Non-LATEX Graphics

6.5.1 Importing PCL Graphics Files

6.5.2 Importing PostScript Graphic Files

6.6 Producing Graphic Files for LATEX

6.6.1 Converting from HPGL Format

6.6.2 More General Graphic Conversion Programs

6.6.3 Creating PostScript Graphics with PSTricks

7 Large Documents

7.1 The Root File

7.2 Macros in the Preamble

7.3 Loading Style Files

7.4 Front Matter

7.4.1 Title Page

7.4.2 Preface

7.4.3 Table of Contents

7.4.4 Lists of Figures and Tables

7.4.5 Adding Entries to Contents, Tables, and Figures Lists

7.4.6 Roman Page Numbering for Front Matter

7.4.7 Reformatting the Table of Contents

7.5 Excluding Part of the Input

7.6 Footnotes

7.6.1 Footnotes in a Heading

7.6.2 Changing the Footnote Symbol

7.6.3 Footnotes inside Boxes

7.7 Cross References

7.8 Citations and Bibliography

7.8.1 The Bibliography List

7.8.2 Making References in the Text

7.8.3 Printing the Bibliography

7.8.4 Citation Variations

7.9 References and Citations in Captions

7.10 Making an Index

7.10.1 Doing It Yourself

7.10.2 The MAKEINDEX Program

8 Useful Styles

8.1 Finding and Obtaining Style Files

8.1.1 Where to Find Style Files

8.2 Verbatim Text from an External File

8.3 Captions with Hanging Indents

8.4 More Flexible Numbering of Equations

8.4.1 A Corrected eqnarray Environment

8.4.2 The eqalign Environment

8.4.3 The eqalignno Environment

8.4.4 The eqaligntwo Environment

8.4.5 The cases Environment

8.4.6 The subequations Environment

8.5 Wrapping Text around a Figure: I

8.6 Wrapping Text around a Figure: II

8.7 Customizing Headers and Footers

8.7.1 Simple Use

8.7.2 Rules in Header and Footer

8.7.3 Headers and Footers Wider Than the Text

8.7.4 Multiline Headers and Footers

8.7.5 Headers and Footers for Even and Odd Pages

8.7.6 Separate Headers and Footers for Chapter Pages

8.7.7 Defaults

8.7.8 Section Titles in the Headers and Footers

8.8 Frames and Boxes

8.8.1 Fancy Boxes

8.8.2 Large Frames

8.9 Multicolumns of Text

8.9.1 The User Interface

8.9.2 Balancing Columns

8.9.3 Floats

8.9.4 Warnings

9 Macros and Miscellaneous Tricks

9.1 Basics of Macro Programming

9.1.1 Defining New Commands

9.1.2 Some Commands Used in Macros

9.2 Page Layout Tricks

9.2.1 Macro for Side-by-Side Displays

9.2.2 Underlining and Striking out Text

9.2.3 San Serif Section Headings

9.2.4 Outdenting Headings

9.2.5 Right Headers to Reference Last Section

9.2.6 New Environment for Indentation of Text

9.3 Changing the Caption Format

9.3.1 Changing the Caption Font Size and Width

9.3.2 Changing the Style of the Caption Label

9.3.3 Changing Figure to Fig.

9.4 Numbering Things

9.4.1 Page Numbering with “chapter-page”

9.4.2 Page Numbers to the Right of Text

9.4.3 Numbering Equations as “(Section. Equation)

9.5 Equation Tricks

9.5.1 Dashed Lines in Arrays and Tabulars

9.5.2 Equal Spacing in Equations and Eqnarrays

9.5.3 Math Macro for Over- and UnderBrackets

9.6 References, Bibliographies, and Endnotes

9.6.1 Superscripts for References

9.6.2 Line Breaks for Long Citations

9.6.3 Bibliographies at Chapter Ends

9.6.4 Macro for Endnotes

Appendix A: Symbols Available in Math Mode

Appendix B: Format Parameters

Index

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