Accessories: cameras, 42
Action shots, 4, 6, 12, 63–5, 137–43, 324
Adobe Camera RAW (ACR), 185–8
Adobe Photo Downloader (APD), 182–4
Adobe Photoshop, 175–6, 189–204
Adobe Photoshop Elements, 174–5, 189–204
ADP see Adobe Photo Downloader
AF (auto focus) mode, 65–6, 141
Agitation in developing, 212, 301
Air bells on negatives, 301
Albums, 282
Albums online, 295–6
Analog to digital conversion, 59–60
Aperture control, 30, 31–2, 36, 37, 65–9, 73
Archiving digital images, 278–82
Artificial light, 89, 116, 307
ASA speed rating see ISO
Aspect ratios, 8
Audio on digital slide shows, 286
Automatic camera settings, 37, 39–41, 43, 73, 101
contrast control, 92
exposure, 76–7
sharpening, 94
B shutter setting, 65, 234–5, 338
Babies, 104–5
Back to front images, 313
Backgrounds, 2–3, 7, 107, 108, 122, 311
Back light mode, 41
Backlit subjects, 75, 79, 148, 311
Back-up procedures for digital images, 278–82
Balanced composition, 10
Barndoor attachments, 163
Barrel distortion, 115
Basic image enhancement, 189–93
Batteries, 329
Beach/snow mode, 40
Beginners’ cameras, 36
Bellows units, 132–3
Blackout:
dark rooms, 215–16
Black and white film, 27, 51–2, 210–31, 242
Black and white images see Monochrome images
Bleaching, 331–2
Blemishes:
troubleshooting, 213, 229, 301, 303, 305–6, 312
Blend modes: digital images, 256, 257
Blurred motion, 141
Bracketing:
exposure, 77
white balance, 90–1
Bridge file management software, 185
Brightness:
see also Exposure
Brown, Russell, 250
Built environment:
exteriors, 109–13
interiors, 114–16
night photography, 117, 235, 237, 320
people’s relationship, 112–13
reflections, 238–9
Built-in flash units, 156, 157
Burning-in (printing-in):
digital tools, 198–9
film printing, 227
Cameras:
accessories, 42
digital sensors, 28, 44–8, 319
film types, 51–5
in phones, 167–8
principles, 25–33
types, 33–43
Candid shots, 108–9
Canister light leaks, 302
Capture formats, 48–50
Capture settings in digital cameras, 88–101
CDs:
digital slide shows, 287
web galleries, 292
Center of interest, 9–12
Centre weighted light measurement, 76
Channel mixing, 251
Children, 104–5
Clear film errors, 213, 301, 303, 305
Clear image mode (noise reduction), 98
Clip art in digital slide shows, 286
Clone stamp, 195
Cloning tools, 195–6
Close up mode, 41
Cloudy setting, 90
Color, 20–2
black and white combination, 256–7
conversion to monochrome, 5, 249–51
digital adjustment, 191–2, 249–59
distortion at printing, 311, 315
film processing, 27
landscapes, 129
light sources, 14–15, 20–2, 116, 163–4, 307, 308
mood, 21–2
saturation
camera settings, 88–9
digital adjustment, 187, 199, 250–1, 253, 255, 259
see also Monochrome images; White balance
Color slide films, 52
Color Variations effects, 254
Compact cameras, 33–5, 36, 37, 43
Composition, 1–24, 107, 108, 109, 297
Computer connections, 317
Constructed images:
digital, 246, 248–9, 265–6, 267
film prints, 230
joiners, 266–7
multiple exposures, 246–7
panoramas, 264–6
projection, 244
slides, 244–5
Contact sheets:
digital images, 209
film printing, 215–21
mosaic images, 267
Continuous auto focus mode, 141
Continuous shooting modes, 139
Contrast:
composition, 11–12
digital in camera settings, 88, 92–3
digital correction, 187, 191, 315
film printing, 218, 222–3, 225–7
lighting, 13–14
light metering, 77
scanning, 313
studio lighting, 165
Converging verticals, 83, 114–15, 136
Copying using photography, 41, 153
Crescent marks on negatives, 213, 303
Cropping images, 8, 190–1, 270
Dark rooms, 215–16
Daylight setting, 90
Depth of field, 2, 3, 69–70, 323
aperture relationship, 66–7, 69–70
focal length relationship, 69–70, 84
Developer solution, 211, 212, 228, 229
Developing process, 210–14, 218, 219, 300, 301
Diffused lighting:
flashguns, 158
objects, 152
studios, 163
Digital cameras, 34
advanced compact, 37
beginners’, 36
capture formats, 48–50, 99–101
capture settings, 88–101
continuous shooting modes, 139
download utilities, 181–2
ISO equivalence, 46–7, 88, 95–7
Lens Multiplication Factors, 47–8, 81–2, 114
mobile phones, 167–8
pixels, 44–6
principles, 28–9
RAW format, 48, 49, 50, 99–101, 180
single lens reflex, 34–5, 39, 47–8, 81–2, 114
white balance, 15, 22, 88, 89–91, 163–4
Digital images:
analog to digital conversion, 59–60
basic enhancement, 189–93
color manipulation, 22, 249–60
constructed images, 246, 248–9, 265–6, 267
downloading to computer, 179–85
editing and enhancing, 171–2, 189–204
emailing, 287–9
file formats, 48–50, 99–101, 185, 193, 203
joiners, 267
monochrome conversion, 5, 249–51
online sharing, 295–6
organizing, 189–90, 276–7, 278
panoramas, 265–6
printing, 205–9
processing, 171–204
RAW files, 48–50, 99–101, 168, 180, 185–8
scanning, 55–62, 306, 312–14, 320–2
slide shows, 283–7
special optical effects, 241
web galleries, 290–5
Direct lighting, 146
Displaying prints, 273–4
Disposable cameras, 36
Documentary series of pictures, 274–6
Dodging:
digital tools, 198–9
film printing, 227–8
Double printing, 230
Downloading digital images, 179–85
Drawing tools, 177
Driver software, 179
Drying prints, 220
Dry mounting, 272
DSLR cameras, 34–5, 39, 47–8, 81–2, 114
Dust and scratch filters, 194, 273
DVDs:
digital slide shows, 283–4, 287
Edge numbers: faulty negatives, 300–1
Editing software, 171–2, 173–204
basic enhancements, 189–93
in camera feature comparison, 98
filters, 192–3, 194, 200–2, 241–2
types, 173–6
Electrical equipment safety, 216, 330
E-mail photocards, 287–9
Enlargers: film printing, 221–30
Entry-level editing applications, 173–4, 175
Equipment, 25–62
back-up hardware, 281
cameras, 25–50
close-ups, 133
contact printing, 216–17
enlarging, 221–3
film processing, 211
films, 51–5
landscapes, 126
lighting, 162–3
low light photography, 118
SLR accessories, 42
studio setup, 162–3
Evaluation, 296–8
EXIF camera data, 99
Experimental images, 232–69
Exposure:
action shots, 140–1
bracketing, 77
camera controls, 30, 31, 72–3, 78–80
contact prints, 218–19
digital correction, 315–16
effects, 71–80
enlargement prints, 224–5, 226
scanning, 313
time see Shutter speed
troubleshooting, 302, 307, 311
Extension rings, 132–3
Extension shutter release, 42, 65
Extension tubes, 42
External hard drives, 278, 281
Fairground rides, 234
Farmer’s reducer, 331
Faults, 213–14, 228–9, 299–316
Fiber-based paper, 220
File formats, 48–50, 99–101, 185, 193, 203
File transfer protocol (FTP), 292, 294
Film:
black and white processing, 27, 210–31
editing and enhancing pictures, 171
leader problems, 301
loading, 55
principles, 26–7
storage, 53
types, 51–5
wind-on mechanisms, 33, 37, 38, 304, 305
contrast graded for enlargers, 222, 223, 225–6, 227
neutral density, 242
special optical-effect, 240–1
Filters (software), 200–2
replicating lens filter effects, 241, 242
sharpness, 192–3
special optical effects, 241
Finishing photos, 270–4
Fish-eye lenses, 87
Fixed focus, 36
‘Fixing first’ error, 301
Fixing solution, 211, 212, 213, 228, 229
Flash lighting, 155–61
camera modes, 161
flashguns, 42
freezing action, 141
guide numbers, 324
studios, 162
troubleshooting, 304, 308, 309
white balance, 90
Flatbed scanners, 55, 56, 57–9, 60–1
Flat surface close-ups, 135
Flowers, 134–5
Fluorescent setting: white balance, 90
Fluted glass attachments, 240, 241
Focal length, 80–7
depth of field relationship, 69–70, 84
Lens Multiplication Factors, 47–8, 81–2, 114
long, 83–4
short, 84–5
troubleshooting, 312
Focal point (center of interest), 9–10
Focusing, 65–70
action shots, 141
auto tracking, 141
close-ups, 132–3
see also Depth of field
Frames (mounting), 270–6
Frame within frame composition, 7, 8, 12
Framing up shots, 1–2, 5–8, 131, 311
Freezing action, 140–1
Front lighting, 147
F-stops, 66–8
see also Aperture
FTP (file transfer protocol), 292, 294
‘Full frame’ DSLR cameras, 47
Galleries: web based, 290–5
General light readings, 74–5
Golden mean, 9–10
Graded enlargement filters, 222, 223, 225–6, 227
Graded light sensitive paper, 218, 222–3, 225–6
Graphics on digital slide shows, 286
Greyscales conversion, 250, 251
Groups of people, 105–8
Group tags: naming image files, 184
Hand-held light meters, 327–9
Healing brushes, 196
Health and safety, 6, 130, 329, 330–1
Heat sensitive mounting tissue, 272
Hot-air dryers, 220
HTML: photo emails, 289
Hue/saturation:
in camera settings, 88–9
digital adjustment, 187, 199, 250–1, 253, 255, 259
Hybrid scanners, 56
‘Hypo’, 211
Ideas communication, 297
Imperfections:
troubleshooting, 213, 229, 301, 303, 305–6, 312
In-camera capture settings:
digital cameras, 88–101
RAW format, 89–101
Incandescent setting, 90
Insurance photos, 131
Interiors, 114–16
indoor camera mode, 40
indoor close-ups, 136
Internal hard drives, 277, 282
Internet:
online backup, 282
web galleries, 290–5
see also ISPs
Iodine bleaching, 334
ISO (International Standards Organisation) sensitivity:
digital equivalence, 46–7, 88, 95–7
exposure relationship, 72
film types, 52–3
uses, 322
ISPs (Internet service providers), 290, 292, 294
Jasc: Paintshop Pro, 174
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) format, 48, 290
Kodak Easy Share Gallery service, 295
Laboratories:
film processing/printing, 77, 299, 305, 306, 311
printing digital images, 205
Lamps: studios, 162–3
Layers: image editing, 202–3, 248
Lenses:
action photography, 138–9
close-ups, 132–3
focal length, 80–7
hoods, 42
optical-effect attachments, 240–3
sensor size effects, 47–8
see also Filters
Lens Multiplication Factors, 47–8, 81–2, 114
Lightening, 119
Light fogging of film, 302, 303, 310
Lighting:
animals, 121
color influences, 15, 20–2, 89
contrast, 3
direction, 13–14, 17, 147–8, 165
interiors, 115–16
outside photography, 13–15, 153–5
places, 110–12
quality, 13–14
skies, 130
texture, 17
time of day, 14–15
zoo exhibits, 123–4
see also White balance
Light pattern images, 232–7, 243
Light sensitive paper, 218, 220, 222–3, 225–6
Limitations of cameras, 1–5
Lines: points of emphasis, 9–12
Lith printing techniques, 335–7
Loading film, 305
Location product photography, 154
Longer focal lengths, 83–4
Long exposures, 116–19, 232–7, 243
Low light photography, 64, 95, 97, 116–19, 320
see also Night photography
Macro lenses, 133
Manual SLR cameras, 38–9
Matrix metering, 77
Maximum depth of field, 69, 70
Medium format cameras, 325–6, 327
Memory cards, 50, 126, 179, 180–1, 317–18
Menus: editing software, 178
Minimum depth of field, 70
Mis-framing, 311
Mobile phones, 167–8
Monochrome images, 5
black and white film processing, 27, 51–2, 210–31
chemically treating bromide prints, 331–7
colored filters, 242
digital conversion from color, 5, 249–51
film processing and printing, 210–31
lith printing techniques, 335–7
multi-brown toning, 333–4
scanning, 312
sepia toning, 252–4, 263–4, 332–3, 334
Mosaic images, 266–7
Motion:
close-ups, 135
experimental images, 232–7, 243
framing, 6
portraits, 149–50
Mounting photos, 270–6
Multi-color filters, 242
Multi-contrast filters: enlargers, 222, 223, 225–6, 227
Multigrade light sensitive paper, 218, 222–3, 225–6, 227
Multi-pattern light measurement, 76–7
Multiple exposures, 246–7, 304
Multiple images:
joiners, 266–7
lens attachments, 240–1
sets of pictures, 274–6
see also Constructed images
Museum mode, 41
Narrative stories, 274–5
Negatives:
edge numbers, 300–1
processing, 210–14
storage, 282
troubleshooting, 299–307
Neutral density filters, 242
Night photography:
built environment, 95, 117–18, 320
digital noise, 97
ISO settings, 95–7
landscape mode, 41
portrait mode, 40
shutter speeds/apertures, 64–5, 118, 320
Noise (digital), 88, 95, 96, 97–8, 187
Non-traditional presentations, 283–96
Normal focal length, 81–2
Observation, 1
Online backup files, 282
Online sharing of photos, 292, 295–6
Open flash technique, 160–1
Optical-effect attachments, 240–1
Organising digital images, 189–90, 276–7, 278
Over developed negatives, 214, 300
Over exposure, 71, 214, 229, 302, 307, 315
Paintshop Pro, 174
Panoramas, 264–6
Pan and zoom, 286
Paper:
inkjet printing, 206, 207, 314
light sensitive, 218, 220, 222–3, 225–6, 335
Party/indoor mode, 40
Patterns in composition, 13, 16–20
PDF slide show email, 289
see also Portraits
Permission to photograph, 109, 123, 140
Pets, 120–4
Photo-essays, 276
Photograms, 230–1
PhotoImpact, 174
Photoshop Elements, 174–5, 189–204
Photoshop Showcase, 292
Photo stacks: grouping digital images, 184
PhotoSuite, 174
Places, 109–19
Points of emphasis, 9–12
Polarizing filters, 242
Portraits, 104–5
animals, 120–4
camera modes, 40
groups, 105–9
lighting, 12, 15, 145–50, 153–4
Pre-emptive focusing, 141
Presentation, 270–96
Printing:
black and white film, 210, 215–31, 305, 306, 311
Printing-in (burning in):
digital tools, 198–9
film printing, 227
Prints:
constructed images, 262–3, 264–5
hand coloring, 263–4
joiners, 266–7
manipulation, 262–7
montaging, 262–3
panoramas, 264–5
presentation, 270–6
retouching, 273
storage, 282
Print scanners, 55, 56, 57–9, 60–1
Processing:
black and white film, 210–14
troubleshooting, 299–307
Product photography, 150–3, 154, 164–5
Professional editing applications, 175–6
Projects, 23–4, 101–2, 143–4, 166, 168–9, 231
Quality:
evaluation, 297
lighting, 13–14
scanning, 314
RAW file formats, 48–50, 99–101, 168, 180, 185–8
RC see Resin coated
Recyclable cameras, 36
Reducing printed images (chemically), 331
Reflective surfaces, 135, 152, 238–9
Reflectors (lighting), 149, 150, 163
Resin coated (RC) paper, 218, 220, 222
Resolution:
Rewinding film, 304
Ring of light fault, 310
Rollfilm, 225–7
Roxio: PhotoSuite, 174
Russell Brown technique, 250
Saturation:
camera settings, 88–9
desaturating images, 250–1
Raw files, 187
varying parts of image, 259
Scanning:
direct photography, 168–9
process, 61–2
Selection tools, 177, 202, 256, 257–8, 259, 260
Selective toning, 255
Semi-professional editing applications, 174–5
Sensitivity see ISO
Sensors: digital cameras, 28, 44–8, 319
Sepia toning, 252–4, 263–4, 332–3, 334
Sets of pictures, 274–6
Shape:
aspect ratio formats, 8
in composition, 18–19
Sharing photos:
e-mail photocards, 287–9
web galleries, 290–5
Sharpening:
Adobe Camera Raw tool, 187
digital in camera settings, 88, 93–4
editing tools, 192–3
high ISO settings, 96
Sheet film cameras, 325, 326–7
Shooting faults, 307–12
Shooting modes, 40–1, 65–6, 73, 88–101, 141
Shorter focal lengths, 84–5
Shot advance mechanisms, 33, 37, 38
Shutter release extension, 42, 65
Shutter speed:
advanced compact cameras, 37
aperture/exposure relationship, 72–3
beginners’ cameras, 36
effects, 63–5
freezing action, 324
low light levels, 116
minimum to stop camera shake, 323
priority mode, 73
troubleshooting, 304
Side-top lighting, 147–8
Silverware, 152
Single auto focus mode, 141
Single lens reflex (SLR) cameras:
advanced, 39
close-ups, 132–3
compact comparison, 43
digital, 34–5, 39, 47–8, 81–2, 114
lens focal lengths, 82–3
manual, 38–9
Size of sensors, 47–8
‘Slave’ flash units, 159
Slides:
combining pictures, 244–5
copying, 153
film, 52
projecting, 283
storage, 283
Slide shows (digital), 283–7, 289, 296
SLR see Single lens reflex
Snoot attachments, 163
Soft boxes, 149
Software:
downloading digital images, 179–85
image backups, 279–80
perspective correction, 114, 115
slide shows, 284–7
Special effects:
constructed prints, 230
filters, 242–3
movement, 232–7
optical-effect attachments, 240–2
reflections, 238–9
see also Constructed images
Speed of film see ISO
Speedlight setting, 90
Split tone effects, 253–4
Sponge tools, 199
Sports photography, 64, 137–43, 236, 237, 324
Spot healing brush, 196
Spot reading light measurement, 77
Spotting see Imperfections
Starburst attachment, 240, 241
Still-frame-capture: digital video cameras, 168, 171
Still life photography, 164–5, 166
see also Objects; Product photography
Stitching digital panoramas, 265–6
Storage options:
negatives/prints, 83
Straightening images, 190–1
Structuring picture, 1–22, 297
Sunlight, 13–15, 21, 130, 306, 310
Sunset mode, 40–1
SVCD: digital slide shows, 287
Tags: naming image files, 184
Technical quality evaluation, 297
depth of field, 70
Lens Multiplication Factors, 47–8, 82, 114
Temperature: developing, 212, 217, 218
Tent lighting, 152
Test strips: film printing, 223, 224–5
Text:
digital slide shows, 286
‘writing with light’, 236, 237
Thiocarbamide toner, 333–5
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format), 48–9
Time of day, 14–15, 111–12, 125, 127, 130, 154–5
TLR see Twin lens reflex cameras
Tonal interchange, 11–12
Toning:
prints, 264–5
Traffic at night, 235, 243, 320
Transitions in slide shows, 286
Tripods, 42, 65, 118, 126, 133
Troubleshooting, 213–14, 228–9, 299–316
Twin lens reflex (TLR) cameras, 325–6
Ulead: PhotoImpact, 174
Under exposure, 71, 214, 228, 302–3, 307, 316
Under fixed negatives, 300
Unloading film, 304
Variable focal length lenses, 37, 83
VCD: digital slide shows, 287
View cameras (sheet film), 326–7
Vignetting, 260
Water reflections, 238
Weather conditions, 110, 111–12, 119, 125, 127, 139
Web based backup, 282
Web galleries, 171, 172, 290–6
Web sharing, 295–6
bracketing, 90–1
customized, 91
digital in camera settings, 88, 89–91
film, 163–4
interiors, 116
RAW files, 100–1
studio lighting, 163–4
Wide angle lenses, 80–1, 82–3, 84–5
fish-eye, 87
perspective, 83, 85, 86, 87, 114–15, 312
Wildlife parks, 122–4
Windows in pictures, 238–9, 309, 311
Workflow, 167–72
‘Writing with light’, 236, 237
Zone of focus see Depth of field
Zoo animals, 122–4