NOTES
Chapter 1
1. Phalguni Soni, “Which International Opportunities Is Lowe’s Betting On?” Market Realist, January 27, 2016, https://
2. Megan Lewis, “Mission Accomplished: Houston, We Have 3D Printing,” Lowe’s Open House, August 24, 2016, https://
3. “Lowe’s Introduces LoweBot—The Next Generation Robot to Enhance the Home Improvement Shopping Experience in the Bay Area,” August 30, 2016, press release, https://
4. Kristen Owen, “New Suit, Empowering Employees,” Lowe’s Open House, May 15, 2017, https://
5. “Lowe’s Delivers Augmented Reality, Now Available on Aisle 3,” press release, November 3, 2016, https://
6. Jeremy Kaplan, “Lowe’s Prints Comic Books Imagining Sci-Fi Futures—Then Makes Them Real,” Digital Trends, September 6, 2017, https://
7. Matt McFarland, “These Lowe’s Employees Are Now Wearing Exoskeletons to Work,” CNNTech, May 15, 2017, http://
8. Kaplan, “Lowe’s Prints Comic Books Imagining Sci-Fi Futures—Then Makes Them Real.”
9. Michael Thompson, “How Lowe’s CEO Went from Corner Store to Corner Office,” Lowe’s Open House, September 5, 2016, https://
10. “Kyle Nel (Lowe’s): What We Really Think of AR: A Behavioral Scientist’s View,” Augmented World Expo, June 5, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5QKxcABlHSI.
11. Masahiro Mori, “The Uncanny Valley,” Energy 7.4 (1970): 33–35; Jun’ichiro Seyama and Ruth S. Nagayama, “The Uncanny Valley: Effect of Realism on the Impression of Artificial Human Faces,” Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 16.4 (2007): 337–351; H. Brenton, M. Gillies, D. Ballin, and D. Chatting, “The Uncanny Valley: Does It Exist,” 19th British HCI Group Annual Conference; “Kyle Nel (Lowe’s): What We Really Think of AR: A Behavioral Scientist’s View.”
12. “Lowe’s Purpose: To Help People Love Where They Live,” https://
13. For an example of what Kyle’s AR and VR demonstration looked like, see Kyle Nel, “How Science Fiction Is Shaping the Future of Retailing,” TEDx Talk, February 28, 2015, https://
14. Jon Russell, “Pokémon Go Has Now Crossed $1 Billion in Revenue,” TechCrunch, February 1, 2017, https://techcrunch.com/2017/02/01/report-pokemon-go-has-now-crossed-1-billion-in-revenue/; https://
15. Michael E. Porter and James E. Heppelmann, “Why Every Organization Needs an Augmented Reality Strategy,” Harvard Business Review, November–December 2017.
16. https://
17. “Lowe’s Purpose.”
18. Tali Sharot, The Influential Mind: What the Brain Reveals about Our Power to Change Others (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2017).
19. Aaron De Smet, Gerald Lackey, and Leigh M. Weiss, “Untangling Your Organization’s Decision Making,” McKinsey Quarterly, June 2017, www
20. Voltaire, Philosophical Dictionary, selected and trans. H. I. Woolf (Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2010).
21. Gianfranco Zaccai, “Why Focus Groups Kill Innovation,” Co.Design, October 18, 2012, www
22. Kyle Nel, “Why Attention, Emotion, and Cognition Are the Currency of the Future,” LinkedIn, July 11, 2017, https://
Chapter 2
1. The experiment was eventually published as a book chapter in 1990. See Charles N. Alexander and Ellen J. Langer, Higher Stages of Human Development: Perspectives on Adult Growth (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990). It was then retold in Ellen J. Langer, Counterclockwise: Mindful Health and the Power of Possibility (New York: Random House Digital, 2009).
2. Alia J. Crum and Ellen J. Langer, “Mind-Set Matters: Exercise and the Placebo Effect,” Psychological Science 18, vol. 2 (2007): 165–171.
3. Langer, Counterclockwise; K. Feinberg, “The Mindfulness Chronicles,” Harvard Magazine, September–October 2010.
4. Chanmo Park et al., “Blood Sugar Level Follows Perceived Time Rather Than Actual Time in People with Type 2 Diabetes,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, vol. 29 (2016): 8168–8170.
5. Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow (New York: Macmillan, 2011); Scott Plous, The Psychology of Judgment and Decision Making (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993).
6. Dorothy Leonard, “The Limitations of Listening,” Harvard Business Review, January 2002, 93.
7. Elizabeth F. Loftus and James M. Doyle, Eyewitness Testimony: Civil and Criminal (Charlottesville, VA: Michie Co., 1992).
8. Emily Kerry, “Could Woolly Mammoths Walk Again?,” Science in the News (blog), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, March 18, 2017, http://
9. Richard Malsbarger, “Seeding the Future of Helping People Love Where They Live.” LinkedIn, September 19, 2017, https://
10. Jeremy Kaplan, “Lowe’s Prints Comic Books Imagining Sci-Fi Futures—Then Makes Them Real,” Digital Trends, September 6, 2017, https://
11. Alfred Sonnenfeld, Cesar Biojo, Kyle Nel, Mathieu Carenzo, Mikel Amo, and Paco Gimena, “The Unexpected Way,” TEDx Universidad de Navarra, February 28, 2015, https://
12. “8 Groundbreaking Inventions Inspired by Science Fiction,” Quirky, February 14, 2017, https://
13. Phil Libin, interview with author (Nathan Furr), July 2017; Mike Brown, “Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos Says ‘Star Trek’ Inspired Alexa and Echo,” Inverse, May 18, 2016, www
14. Libin, interview with author.
15. Brian David Johnson, Science Fiction Prototyping: Designing the Future with Science Fiction (San Rafael, CA: Morgan & Claypool, 2011).
16. As quoted in Maria Popova, “Ursula K. Le Guin on Power, Oppression, Freedom, and How Imaginative Storytelling Expands Our Scope of the Possible,” Brain Pickings (blog), May 6, 2016, www
17. Libin, interview with author.
18. Corinne Ruff, “Why Lowe’s Uses Comic Books to Guide Innovation,” RetailDive, October 5, 2017, https://
19. Paula Rogo, “MC Lyte Hosts Socially Conscious Hip-Hop Competition ‘Pitch & Flow,’ ” Essence, September 16, 2017, https://
20. Maria Popova, “Neil Gaiman on How Stories Last,” Brain Pickings (blog), June 16, 2015, www
21. Uri Hasson et al., “Intersubject Synchronization of Cortical Activity during Natural Vision,” Science 303.5664 (March 12, 2004): 1634–1640; Tali Sharot, The Influential Mind: What the Brain Reveals about Our Power to Change Others (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2017).
22. Ibid.
23. Greg J. Stephens, Lauren J. Silbert, and Uri Hasson, “Speaker–Listener Neural Coupling Underlies Successful Communication,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, no. 32 (2010): 14,425–14,430.
24. Jacek P. Dmochowski et al., “Audience Preferences Are Predicted by Temporal Reliability of Neural Processing,” Nature Communications 5 (2014): 4567.
25. Megan French and Jeff Hancock, “What’s the Folk Theory? Reasoning about Cyber-Social Systems” (February 2, 2017), available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2910571; Susan A. Gelman and Cristine H. Legare, “Concepts and Folk Theories,” Annual Review of Anthropology 40 (2011): 379–398.
26. Jeff Hancock, interview with author (Nathan Furr), September 2017.
27. Shmuel “Mooly” Eden, interview with author (Nathan Furr), September 2017.
28. “Friday Poem: ‘Elegy for David Beynon,’ Leslie Norris,” Seren Books (blog), October 21, 2016, https://
29. Raghu Garud, Henri A. Schildt, and Theresa K. Lant, “Entrepreneurial Storytelling, Future Expectations, and the Paradox of Legitimacy,” Organization Science 25, no. 5 (2014): 1479–1492.
30. Richy Rosario, “MC Lyte Hosts ‘Pitch & Flow,’ A Hip-Hop Competition for Socially Conscious Initiatives,” Vibe, September 14, 2017, www
31. Nira Liberman and Yaacov Trope, “The Role of Feasibility and Desirability Considerations in Near and Distant Future Decisions: A Test of Temporal Construal Theory,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75, no. 1 (1998): 5; Yaacov Trope and Nira Liberman, “Temporal Construal,” Psychological Review 110, no. 3 (2003): 403; Garud, Schildt, and Lant, “Entrepreneurial Storytelling.”
32. Garud, Schildt, and Lant, “Entrepreneurial Storytelling.”
33. P. Hansen, “Networks, Narratives, and New Markets: The Rise and Decline of Danish Modern Furniture Design, 1930–1970,” Business History Review 80 (2006): 449–483.
34. Spencer H. Harrison and Samir Nurmohamed, “Hearing Crickets? An Inductive Study of Overcoming Negative Reactions to Radical Creativity,” working paper, INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France, 2018.
35. Harrison and Nurmohamed, “Hearing Crickets?”; Spencer Harrison and Samir Nurmohamed, “Does It Bug You?,” working paper, INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France, 2018.
36. Andrew Hargadon and Robert I. Sutton, “Technology Brokering and Innovation in a Product Development Firm,” Administrative Science Quarterly 42, no. 4 (1997): 716–749.
Chapter 3
1. As reported in Charles Duhigg, The Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do and How to Change (New York: Random House, 2013), 97–101.
2. Ibid.
3. M. S. Christensen et al., “An fMRI Study of the Neural Correlates of Graded Visual Perception,” NeuroImage 31, no. 4 (2006): 1711–1725; M. Overgaard et al., “Is Conscious Perception Gradual or Dichotomous? A Comparison of Report Methodologies during a Visual Task,” Consciousness and Cognition 15, no. 4 (2006): 700–708; Thomas Z. Ramsøy and Martin Skov, “Brand Preference Affects the Threshold for Perceptual Awareness,” Journal of Consumer Behaviour 13, no. 1 (2014): 1–8; Thomas Z. Ramsøy and Morten Overgaard, “Introspection and Subliminal Perception,” Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 3 (2004): 1–23.
4. B. J. Baars, S. Franklin, and Thomas Z. Ramsøy, “Global Workspace Dynamics: Cortical ‘Binding and Propagation’ Enables Conscious Contents,” Frontiers in Psychology 4 (2013): 200; B. J. Baars, Thomas Z. Ramsøy, and S. Laureys, “Brain, Conscious Experience and the Observing Self,” Trends in Neurosciences 26, no. 12 (2003): 671–675.
5. Daniel Kahneman, “A Perspective on Judgment and Choice: Mapping Bounded Rationality,” American Psychologist 58, no. 9 (2003): 697; Keith E. Stanovich and Richard F. West, “Individual Differences in Reasoning: Implications for the Rationality Debate?,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 5 (2000): 645–665; Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow (New York: Macmillan, 2011).
6. Kahneman, “A Perspective on Judgment and Choice”; Ellen J. Langer, Arthur Blank, and Benzion Chanowitz, “The Mindlessness of Ostensibly Thoughtful Action: The Role of ‘Placebic’ Information in Interpersonal Interaction,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 36, no. 6 (1978): 635.
7. Daniel Kahneman, “Maps of Bounded Rationality: Psychology for Behavioral Economics,” American Economic Review 93, no. 5 (2003): 1449–1475.
8. Mark Goodman, interview with author (Kyle Nel), October 2017.
9. Jeffrey Pfeffer, Managing with Power: Politics and Influence in Organizations (Boston: Harvard Business Press, 1992).
10. Thomas Allen and Gunter Henn, The Organization and Architecture of Innovation (New York: Routledge, 2007).
11. Thomas Z. Ramsøy and Martin Skov, “How Genes Make Up Your Mind: Individual Biological Differences and Value-Based Decisions,” Journal of Economic Psychology 31, no. 5 (2010): 818–831.
12. Joseph Campbell, The Hero with a Thousand Faces, vol. 17 (Novato, CA: New World Library, 2008); Joseph Campbell and Bill Moyers, The Power of Myth (New York: Anchor, 2011); Carl Gustav Jung, The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious (New York: Routledge, 2014); Duane P. Schultz and Sydney Ellen Schultz, A History of Modern Psychology (Australia; United States: Cengage Learning, 2015).
13. Ramsøy and Skov, “How Genes Make Up Your Mind.”
14. Thomas Z. Ramsøy et al., “Empathy as a Neuropsychological Heuristic in Social Decision-Making,” Social Neuroscience 10, no. 2 (2015): 179–191; Julian Macoveanu et al., “The Neural Bases of Framing Effects in Social Dilemmas,” Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics 9, no. 1 (2016): 14.
15. Ramsøy et al., “Empathy as a Neuropsychological Heuristic in Social Decision-Making.”
16. Morten Friis-Olivarius et al., “Imaging the Creative Unconscious: Reflexive Neural Responses to Objects in the Visual and Parahippocampal Region Predicts State and Trait Creativity,” Scientific Reports 7, no. 1 (2017): 14,420.
17. Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions, Rev. and expanded ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010).
18. Paul H. Thibodeau and Lera Boroditsky, “Metaphors We Think With: The Role of Metaphor in Reasoning,” PLOS ONE 6, no. 2 (2011): e16782.
Chapter 4
1. Ming Hsu et al., “Neural Systems Responding to Degrees of Uncertainty in Human Decision-Making,” Science 310, no. 5754 (2005): 1680–1683.
2. Ibid.
3. Caroline J. Charpentier et al., “Enhanced Risk Aversion, But Not Loss Aversion, in Unmedicated Pathological Anxiety,” Biological Psychiatry 81, no. 12 (2017): 1014–1022; Mithu Storoni, “The Real Reason Your Brain Is So Scared of Failure,” Inc., accessed April 30, 2018, www
4. Kyle Nel, “Why Attention, Emotion, and Cognition Are the Currency of the Future,” LinkedIn, July 11, 2017, https://
5. “Lowe’s Canada Introduces Lowe’s Holoroom for Immersive Design Experience,” press release, November 21, 2014, https://
6. Author presentation (Kyle Nel) at 2017 Google I/O conference (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BOrg2oc3-rQ); also verified in research for clients unrelated to Lowe’s research.
7. Andrew Gelman, “ ‘Any Old Map Will Do’ Meets ‘God Is in Every Leaf of Every Tree,’ ” Statistical Modeling, Causal Inference, and Social Science (blog), April 23, 2012, http://
8. Because many people have made this statement or a variant of it, we cannot attribute it precisely. Nonetheless, we acknowledge that we are not the first to say this comment, and we are paraphrasing from many giants who have gone before us.
9. Raghu Garud, Henri A. Schildt, and Theresa K. Lant, “Entrepreneurial Storytelling, Future Expectations, and the Paradox of Legitimacy,” Organization Science 25, no. 5 (2014): 1479–1492.
10. Nick Bilton, Hatching Twitter: A True Story of Money, Power, Friendship, and Betrayal (New York: Penguin, 2014).
11. Garud, Schildt, and Lant, “Entrepreneurial Storytelling, Future Expectations, and the Paradox of Legitimacy.”
12. Ellen O’Connor, “Storied Business: Typology, Intertextuality, and Traffic in Entrepreneurial Narrative,” Journal of Business Communication 39, no. 1 (2002): 36–54; Liliana Doganova and Marie Eyquem-Renault, “What Do Business Models Do? Innovation Devices in Technology Entrepreneurship,” Research Policy 38, no. 10 (2009): 1559–1570; Garud, Schildt, and Lant, “Entrepreneurial Storytelling, Future Expectations, and the Paradox of Legitimacy.”
13. G. S. Berns and S. E. Moore, “A Neural Predictor of Cultural Popularity,” Journal of Consumer Psychology: The Official Journal of the Society for Consumer Psychology 22, no. 1 (2012): 154–160.
14. M. A. S. Boksem and A. Smidts, “Brain Responses to Movie-Trailers Predict Individual Preferences for Movies and Their Population-Wide Commercial Success,” Journal of Marketing Research 52, no. 4 (2014): 482–492.
15. B. Knutson et al., “Neural Predictors of Purchases,” Neuron 53, no. 1 (2007): 147–156.
16. J. P. Dmochowski et al., “Audience Preferences Are Predicted by Temporal Reliability of Neural Processing,” Nature Communications 5 (2014): 1–9.
17. S. J. Smith, B. T. Stone, T. Ranatunga, K. Nel, T. Z. Ramsøy, and C. Berka, “Neurophysiological Indices of Human Social Interactions Between Humans and Robots,” in C. Stephanidis (ed.), Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol. 713 (2017), https://
18. A. G. Greenwald, D. E. McGhee, and J. L. K. Schwartz, “Measuring Individual Differences in Implicit Cognition: The Implicit Association Test,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74, no. 6 (1998): 1464–1480, http://
Chapter 5
1. Christopher Bonanos, “Steve Jobs and Edwin Land,” Polaroid Land, January 20, 2012, www
2. Bonanos, “The Man Who Inspired Jobs”; “Why Steve Jobs Said Meeting the Founder of Polaroid Was ‘Like Visiting a Shrine,’ ” The Economist, March 29, 2015, www.businessinsider.com/why-steve-jobs-said-meeting-the-founder-of-polaroid-was-like-visiting-a-shrine-2015-3?IR=T.
3. Nathan McAlone, “This Man Invented the Digital Camera in 1975—And His Bosses at Kodak Never Let It See the Light of Day,” Business Insider, August 17, 2015, www.businessinsider.com/this-man-invented-the-digital-camera-in-1975-and-his-bosses-at-kodak-never-let-it-see-the-light-of-day-2015-8?IR=T.
4. M. Tripsas and G. Gavetti, “Capabilities, Cognition and Inertia: Evidence from Digital Imaging,” Strategic Management Journal 21 (2000): 1147–1161.
5. Ralph Leighton, Surely You’re Joking, Mr. Feynman!: Adventures of a Curious Character (London: Vintage, 1992).
6. Wikipedia, s.v. “negative capability,” last modified December 28, 2017, https://
7. Popova, “The Art of ‘Negative Capability’ ”; Wikipedia, s.v. “negative capability.”
8. Wikipedia, s.v. “Kaospilot,” last modified March 8, 2017, https://
9. Christer Windeløv-Lidzélius and David Storkholm, “KaosPilot Creative Leadership: Christer Windeløv-Lidzélius and David Storkholm at TEDxRVA 2013,” video, YouTube, posted July 1, 2013, www.youtube.com/watch?v=K4U8a6eYyEY.
10. Jeremy Kaplan, “Lowe’s Prints Comic Books Imagining Sci-Fi Futures—Then Makes Them Real,” Digital Trends, September 6, 2017, https://
11. Lowe’s Innovation Labs, “Made in Space,” Lowe’s Innovation Labs web page, accessed April 30, 2018, www
12. Nathan Furr and Andrew Shipilov, “Building the Right Ecosystem for Innovation,” Sloan Management Review, Summer 2018; Nathan Furr, Kate O’Keeffe, and Jeffrey H. Dyer, “Managing Multiparty Innovation,” Harvard Business Review, November 2016, 76–83.
13. Furr and Shipilov, “Building the Right Ecosystem for Innovation.”
14. Alex Knapp, “Made In Space Is Successfully Taking Manufacturing into the Stars,” Forbes, August 31, 2017, www
15. Kristin Owen, “New Suit, Empowering Employees,” Lowe’s Open House, May 15, 2017, https://
16. Nathan Furr, Kate O’Keeffe, and Jeffrey H. Dyer, “Managing Multiparty Innovation,” Harvard Business Review, November 2016, 76–83.
17. Ibid.
18. For Intuit’s framework, see Nathan Furr and Jeffrey H. Dyer, The Innovator’s Method: Bringing the Lean Startup into Your Organization (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2014), 62.
19. Everett M. Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2010); Barbara Wejnert, “Integrating Models of Diffusion of Innovations: A Conceptual Framework,” Annual Review of Sociology 28 (August 2002): 297–326.
20. Maria Popova, “Friedrich Nietzsche on Why a Fulfilling Life Requires Embracing Rather than Running from Difficulty,” Brain Pickings (blog), October 15, 2014, www
21. Ibid.
22. Maria Popova, “A Noble New Year’s Resolution from Nietzsche,” Brain Pickings (blog), January 2, 2015, www
Epilogue
1. Gordon J. Pearson, Rise and Fall of Management: A Brief History of Practice, Theory, and Context (Burlington, VT: Gower, 2012).
2. Nathan Furr and Jeffrey H. Dyer, The Innovator’s Method: Bringing the Lean Startup into Your Organization (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2014), 20.
3. Donna Kelly, Slavica Singer, and Mike Herrington, “2015/2016 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor,” Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, 2017, http://
4. Scott D. Anthony et al., “2018 Corporate Longevity Forecast: Creative Destruction Is Accelerating,” Innosight, February 2018, www
5. Furr and Dyer, The Innovator’s Method.
6. Derived from Nathan Furr, J. A. Nickerson, and R. Wuebker, “A Theory of Entrepreneuring,” working paper, INSEAD, Fontainbleau, France, 2016.
7. Furr and Dyer, The Innovator’s Method.
8. Q. N. Huy, “Emotional Balancing of Organizational Continuity and Radical Change: The Contribution of Middle Managers,” Administrative Science Quarterly 47, no. 1 (2002): 31; Q. N. Huy, K. G. Corley, and M. S. Kraatz, “From Support to Mutiny: Shifting Legitimacy Judgments and Emotional Reactions Impacting the Implementation of Radical Change,” Academy of Management Journal 57, no. 6 (2014): 1650–1680.
9. M. J. Benner and M. Tripsas, “The Influence of Prior Industry Affiliation on Framing in Nascent Industries: The Evolution of Digital Cameras,” Strategic Management Journal 33, no. 3 (2012): 277–302; D. A. Grégoire, P. S. Barr, and D. A. Shepherd, “Cognitive Processes of Opportunity Recognition: The Role of Structural Alignment,” Organization Science 21, no. 2 (2010): 413–431; Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow (New York: Macmillan, 2011).
10. Morten Friis-Olivarius et al., “Imaging the Creative Unconscious: Reflexive Neural Responses to Objects in the Visual and Parahippocampal Region Predicts State and Trait Creativity,” Scientific Reports 7, no. 1 (2017): 14,420.
11. P. S. Barr, “Adapting to Unfamiliar Environmental Events: A Look at the Evolution of Interpretation and Its Role in Strategic Change,” Organization Science 9 (1998): 644–669; P. S. Barr, J. L. Stimpert, and A. S. Huff, “Cognitive Change, Strategic Action, and Organizational Renewal,” Strategic Management Journal 13 (1992): 15–36; J. P. Eggers and S. Kaplan, “Cognition and Renewal: Comparing CEO and Organizational Effects on Incumbent Adaptation to Technical Change,” Organization Science 20, no. 2 (2009): 461–477; S. Kaplan, “Cognition, Capabilities, and Incentives: Assessing Firm Response to the Fiber-Optic Revolution,” Academy of Management Journal 51, no. 4 (2008): 672–695; B. M. Staw, L. E. Sandelands, and J. E. Dutton, “Threat-Rigidity Effects in Organizational Behavior: A Multi-Level Analysis,” Administrative Science Quarterly 26, no. 4 (1981): 501–524.
12. Jacek P. Dmochowski, “Audience Preferences Are Predicted by Temporal Reliability of Neural Processing,” Nature Communications 5 (2014): 4567; Gregory S. Berns and Sara E. Moore, “A Neural Predictor Of Cultural Popularity,” Journal of Consumer Psychology 22, no. 1 (2012): 154–160; A. Smidts et al., “Advancing Consumer Neuroscience,” Marketing Letters 25, no. 3 (2014): 257–267; Spencer H. Harrison and Samir Nurmohamed, “Hearing Crickets? An Inductive Study of Overcoming Negative Reactions to Radical Creativity,” working paper, INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France, 2018; Spencer Harrison et al., “Does It Bug You?,” working paper, INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France, 2018.
Appendix A
1. David Whyte, “Song for the Salmon,” in The Three Marriages: Reimagining Work, Self, and Relationship (New York: Riverhead Books, 2009).
2. Ibid.
3. Ben Feringa, in-person interview with author (Nathan Furr), Brussels, Belgium, October 2016.
Appendix B
1. Donna Kelly, Slavica Singer, and Mike Herrington, “2015/2016 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor,” Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, 2017, http://
2. Nathan Furr and Jeffrey H. Dyer, The Innovator’s Method: Bringing the Lean Startup into Your Organization (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2014).
3. Rajshree Agarwal and Michael Gort, “First-Mover Advantage and the Speed of Competitive Entry, 1887–1986,” Journal of Law and Economics 44, no. 1 (2001): 161–177.
4. World Economic Forum, “Chapter 1: The Future of Jobs and Skills,” in The Future of Jobs, by Till Alexander Leopold, Vesselina Ratcheva, and Saadia Zahidi, World Economic Forum, January 2016, http://
5. Joseph Campbell, The Hero with a Thousand Faces: The Collected Works of Joseph Campbell (Novato, CA: New World Library, 2008).