How may the difference between unique innovation (such as the telescope) and "self-perpetuating" innovative processes (such as the silicon chip) continue to become undistinguished in the future? How may the role of science (understanding fundamental mechanisms) and the innovation process (social uses of knowledge) continue to develop in the future?

Solow attributed seven-eighths of production growth to technical change; How may this be affected if a nation reduces investment in R&D?

Four reasons for government investment in basic research were mentioned in this chapter. In your opinion, what other reasons may exist for government support of basic or applied research?

Is it a sound public policy for the U.S. government to spend more than 50 percent of its R&D budget on defense? How can this investment serve broader national needs as well?

What criteria would you use to determine whether a nation is well developed scientifically and why?

How would changes in international patent policy and tax code affect the amount of scientific activity and investment in R&D in a nation?

How would you set research program priorities to address crucial national needs?